C 中的布建範例#

發行項
07/19/2023

概觀

多年來，進階 Web 使用者建立自己的網站變得很簡單。一旦終端使用者註冊其功能變數名稱，有各種類型的主機人員可供選擇。 Web 主機器可在世界各地使用，以符合終端客戶的需求。但不論選擇哪一個主機工具，註冊和建立網站的案例在所有情況下都類似。

一開始，必須為使用者建立新的使用者帳戶。設定帳戶之後，終端使用者會決定網站應納入哪些功能和選項：例如，需要多少磁碟空間、FTP 功能、建立虛擬目錄、是否需要資料庫等等。裝載者會建置控制台或儀表板應用程式，讓使用者能夠建立和管理這些功能。

有數種方式可將這些功能實作到控制台。在本節中，我們將探討透過 Managed 程式碼實作這些功能的布建層面。功能的大綱如下：

布建新的使用者帳戶

管理和維護網站的網站擁有者需要新的使用者帳戶。此帳戶可以是 Active Directory® 帳戶或本機使用者帳戶。下列程式碼片段示範如何建立本機帳戶。請注意，必須指定 System.DirectoryServices 命名空間。

public static bool CreateLocalUserAccount(string userName, string password)
{
   try
   {
      if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
        throw new ArgumentNullException("userName", "Invalid User Name.");
      if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
        throw new ArgumentNullException("password", "Invalid Password.");
      DirectoryEntry directoryEntry = new DirectoryEntry("WinNT://" +
      Environment.MachineName + ",computer");
      bool userFound = false;
      try
      {
         if (directoryEntry.Children.Find(userName, "user") != null)
           userFound = true;
      }
      catch
      {
         userFound = false;
      }
      if (!userFound)
      {
         DirectoryEntry newUser = directoryEntry.Children.Add(userName, "user");
         newUser.Invoke("SetPassword", new object[] { password });
         newUser.Invoke("Put", new object[] { "Description", "Application Pool User Account" });
         newUser.CommitChanges();
         newUser.Close();
      }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
        throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
   }
   return true;
}

建立內容儲存區

網站需要檔案系統上的位置，使用者可以上傳網站的內容。 Microsoft® .NET Directory 類別提供應用程式程式設計介面 (API) ，以在檔案系統上建立目錄。

Directory.CreateDirectory(parentPath + "\\" + directoryName);

內容儲存體需要設定的特定許可權，讓使用者可以管理自己的內容。下列程式碼片段示範如何在 C# 中使用 Managed 程式碼來設定目錄許可權：

public static bool AddDirectorySecurity(string directoryPath, string userAccount, FileSystemRights rights, InheritanceFlags inheritanceFlags, PropagationFlags propagationFlags, AccessControlType controlType)
{
   try
   {
       // Create a new DirectoryInfo object.
       DirectoryInfo dInfo = new DirectoryInfo(directoryPath);
       // Get a DirectorySecurity object that represents the 
       // current security settings.
       DirectorySecurity dSecurity = dInfo.GetAccessControl();
       // Add the FileSystemAccessRule to the security settings. 
       dSecurity.AddAccessRule(new FileSystemAccessRule(userAccount, rights, inheritanceFlags, propagationFlags, controlType));
       // Set the new access settings.
       dInfo.SetAccessControl(dSecurity);
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
       throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
   }
   return true;
}

下列程式碼片段示範如何在磁片配額受到限制時，使用 Managed 程式碼設定磁片配額。若要使用磁片配額管理，您必須新增 Windows® 磁片配額管理元件的參考;它位於Windows\system32\dskquota.dll底下。

public static bool AddUserDiskQuota(string userName, double quota, double quotaThreshold, string diskVolume)
{
   try
   {
      DiskQuotaControlClass diskQuotaCtrl = GetDiskQuotaControl(diskVolume);
      diskQuotaCtrl.UserNameResolution = UserNameResolutionConstants.dqResolveNone;
      DIDiskQuotaUser diskUser = diskQuotaCtrl.AddUser(userName);
      diskUser.QuotaLimit = quota;
      diskUser.QuotaThreshold = quotaThreshold;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
      throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
    }
    return true;
}

建立應用程式集區

應用程式集區會定義裝載一或多個 Internet Information Services 7 (IIS 7) 應用程式的背景工作進程設定，這些應用程式會執行其要求處理。應用程式集區是進程隔離的單位，因為應用程式的所有要求處理都會在其應用程式集區的背景工作進程內執行。

應用程式集區也會提供隔離，進而提供安全性。每個應用程式集區都可以以唯一身分識別執行，而且可以使用存取控制清單 (ACL) ，以防止其他集區中的應用程式存取其資源。下列程式碼片段示範如何建立應用程式集區、設定身分識別，以及設定屬性。

public static bool CreateApplicationPool(string applicationPoolName, ProcessModelIdentityType identityType, string applicationPoolIdentity, string password, string managedRuntimeVersion, bool autoStart, bool enable32BitAppOnWin64,ManagedPipelineMode managedPipelineMode, long queueLength, TimeSpan idleTimeout, long periodicRestartPrivateMemory, TimeSpan periodicRestartTime)
{
   try
   {
      if (identityType == ProcessModelIdentityType.SpecificUser)
      {
         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(applicationPoolName))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("applicationPoolName", "CreateApplicationPool: applicationPoolName is null or empty.");
         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(applicationPoolIdentity))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("applicationPoolIdentity", "CreateApplicationPool: applicationPoolIdentity is null or empty.");
         if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("password", "CreateApplicationPool: password is null or empty.");
      }
      using (ServerManager mgr = new ServerManager())
      {
         ApplicationPool newAppPool = mgr.ApplicationPools.Add(applicationPoolName);
         if (identityType == ProcessModelIdentityType.SpecificUser)
         {
            newAppPool.ProcessModel.IdentityType = ProcessModelIdentityType.SpecificUser;
            newAppPool.ProcessModel.UserName = applicationPoolIdentity;
            newAppPool.ProcessModel.Password = password;
         }
         else
         {
            newAppPool.ProcessModel.IdentityType = identityType;
         }
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(managedRuntimeVersion))
               newAppPool.ManagedRuntimeVersion = managedRuntimeVersion;
               newAppPool.AutoStart = autoStart;
               newAppPool.Enable32BitAppOnWin64 = enable32BitAppOnWin64;
               newAppPool.ManagedPipelineMode = managedPipelineMode;
            if (queueLength > 0)
               newAppPool.QueueLength = queueLength;
            if (idleTimeout != TimeSpan.MinValue)
               newAppPool.ProcessModel.IdleTimeout = idleTimeout;
            if (periodicRestartPrivateMemory > 0)
               newAppPool.Recycling.PeriodicRestart.PrivateMemory = periodicRestartPrivateMemory;
            if (periodicRestartTime != TimeSpan.MinValue)
               newAppPool.Recycling.PeriodicRestart.Time = periodicRestartTime;
            mgr.CommitChanges();
         }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
      throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
   }
   return true;
 }

建立站台

月臺是最上層邏輯容器，指定如何接收和處理 HTTP 要求。網站會定義一組系結，以決定網站如何接聽傳入要求，而網站包含應用程式定義或虛擬目錄，這些應用程式或虛擬目錄會分割網站的 URL 命名空間，以便建構應用程式內容。

下列程式碼片段示範如何建立新的網站。實作 ServerManager 物件時，需要 Microsoft.Web.Administration 命名空間。請注意，應用程式集合、網站集合和系結物件都是透過 ServerManager 物件來存取。

public static bool CreateWebSite(string siteName)
{
   try
   {
     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(siteName))
     {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("siteName", "CreateWebSite: siteName is null or empty.");
     }
     //get the server manager instance
     using (ServerManager mgr = new ServerManager())
     {
        Site newSite = mgr.Sites.CreateElement();
        //get site id
        newSite.Id = GenerateNewSiteID(mgr, siteName);
        newSite.SetAttributeValue("name", siteName);
        mgr.Sites.Add(newSite);
        mgr.CommitChanges();
     }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
      throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
   }
   return true;
}

建立系結

系結是通訊協定名稱和通訊協定特定系結資訊的組合。雖然 IIS 7 支援多重通訊協定系結 (，例如 Windows® Communication Foundation [WCF] SOAP-TCP 和 FTP) ，但下列程式碼只會使用 HTTP 路徑;HTTP 系結可有效地定義接聽特定介面 IP 位址的 HTTP 端點， (或所有介面) 、特定埠號碼，或特定 HTTP 主機標頭 (或所有主機標頭) 。如此一來，您可以在伺服器上設定許多月臺，這些月臺會接聽不同的 IP 位址、不同的埠，或位於相同的 IP 位址或埠上，但具有不同的主機標頭。

public static bool AddSiteBinding(string siteName, string ipAddress, string tcpPort, string hostHeader, string protocol)
{
    try
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(siteName))
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("siteName", "AddSiteBinding: siteName is null or empty.");
        }
        //get the server manager instance
        using (ServerManager mgr = new ServerManager())
        {
            SiteCollection sites = mgr.Sites;
            Site site = mgr.Sites[siteName];
            if (site != null)
            {
                string bind = ipAddress + ":" + tcpPort + ":" + hostHeader;
                //check the binding exists or not
                foreach (Binding b in site.Bindings)
                {
                    if (b.Protocol == protocol && b.BindingInformation == bind)
                    {
                        throw new Exception("A binding with the same ip, port and host header already exists.");
                    }
                }
                Binding newBinding = site.Bindings.CreateElement();
                newBinding.Protocol = protocol;
                newBinding.BindingInformation = bind;
                site.Bindings.Add(newBinding);
                mgr.CommitChanges();
                return true;
            } 
            else
                throw new Exception("Site: " + siteName + " does not exist.");
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
    }
}

建立根應用程式

應用程式是網站功能的邏輯容器，可讓您將網站 URL 命名空間分割成個別的部分，並個別控制每個元件的執行時間行為。

例如，您可以將每個應用程式設定為位於不同的應用程式集區中。這會將應用程式與其他應用程式隔離，方法是將它放在不同的進程中，並選擇性地讓該程式以不同的 Windows 身分識別執行，以將它沙箱化。

public static bool AddApplication(string siteName, string applicationPath, string applicationPool, string virtualDirectoryPath, string physicalPath, string userName, string password)
{
    try
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(siteName))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("siteName", "AddApplication: siteName is null or empty.");
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(applicationPath))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("applicationPath", "AddApplication: application path is null or empty.");
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(physicalPath))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("PhysicalPath", "AddApplication: Invalid physical path.");
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(applicationPool))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("ApplicationPool", "AddApplication: application pool namespace is Nullable or empty.");
        using (ServerManager mgr = new ServerManager())
        {
            ApplicationPool appPool = mgr.ApplicationPools[applicationPool];
            if (appPool == null)
                throw new Exception("Application Pool: " + applicationPool + " does not exist.");
            Site site = mgr.Sites[siteName];
            if (site != null)
            {
                Application app = site.Applications[applicationPath];
                if (app != null)
                    throw new Exception("Application: " + applicationPath + " already exists.");
                else
                {
                    app = site.Applications.CreateElement();
                    app.Path = applicationPath;
                    app.ApplicationPoolName = applicationPool;
                    VirtualDirectory vDir = app.VirtualDirectories.CreateElement();
                    vDir.Path = virtualDirectoryPath;
                    vDir.PhysicalPath = physicalPath;
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
                    {
                        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
                            throw new Exception("Invalid Virtual Directory User Account Password.");
                        else
                        {
                            vDir.UserName = userName;
                            vDir.Password = password;
                        }
                    }
                    app.VirtualDirectories.Add(vDir);
                }
                site.Applications.Add(app);
                mgr.CommitChanges();
                return true;
            }
            else
                throw new Exception("Site: " + siteName + " does not exist.");
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
    }
}

建立虛擬目錄

虛擬目錄會將應用程式 URL 命名空間的一部分對應至磁片上的實體位置。當要求路由傳送至應用程式時，它會使用相同的演算法來尋找虛擬目錄，其中最長的虛擬路徑符合應用程式路徑之後要求的絕對路徑的其餘部分。

public static bool AddVirtualDirectory(string siteName, string application, string virtualDirectoryPath, string physicalPath, string userName, string password)
{
    try
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(siteName))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("siteName", "AddVirtualDirectory: siteName is null or empty.");
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(application))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("application", "AddVirtualDirectory: application is null or empty.");
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(virtualDirectoryPath))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("virtualDirectoryPath", "AddVirtualDirectory: virtualDirectoryPath is null or empty.");
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(physicalPath))
            throw new ArgumentNullException("physicalPath", "AddVirtualDirectory: physicalPath is null or empty.");
        using (ServerManager mgr = new ServerManager())
        {
            Site site = mgr.Sites[siteName];
            if (site != null)
            {
                Application app = site.Applications[application];
                if (app != null)
                {
                    VirtualDirectory vDir = app.VirtualDirectories[virtualDirectoryPath];
                    if (vDir != null)
                    {
                        throw new Exception("Virtual Directory: " + virtualDirectoryPath + " already exists.");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        vDir = app.VirtualDirectories.CreateElement();
                        vDir.Path = virtualDirectoryPath;
                        vDir.PhysicalPath = physicalPath;
                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
                        {
                            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
                                throw new Exception("Invalid Virtual Directory User Account Password.");
                            else
                            {
                                vDir.UserName = userName;
                                vDir.Password = password;
                            }
                        }
                        app.VirtualDirectories.Add(vDir);
                    }
                    mgr.CommitChanges();
                    return true;
                }
                else
                    throw new Exception("Application: " + application + " does not exist.");
            }
            else
                throw new Exception("Site: " + siteName + " does not exist.");
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
    }
}

建立 FTP 網站

FTP 網站可讓客戶將內容上傳至其網站，並提供在網際網路上移動檔案的能力。客戶可以同時管理內容和存取權。建立 FTP 網站的方式與網站類似：應用程式集區和網站是使用根應用程式和虛擬目錄建立，然後套用 FTP 系結。

public static bool CreateFtpSite(string applicationPoolName,string siteName, string domainName, string userName, string password,string contentPath, string ipAddress, string tcpPort, string hostHeader)
{
    try
    {
        //provision the application pool
        using (ServerManager mgr = new ServerManager())
        {
            ApplicationPool appPool = mgr.ApplicationPools[applicationPoolName];
            //per IIS7 team recommendation, we always create a new application pool
            //create new application pool
            if (appPool == null)
            {
                appPool = mgr.ApplicationPools.Add(applicationPoolName);
                //set the application pool attribute
                appPool.ProcessModel.IdentityType = ProcessModelIdentityType.SpecificUser;
                appPool.ProcessModel.UserName = domainName + "\\" + userName;
                appPool.ProcessModel.Password = password;
            }
            //if the appPool is null, we throw an exception. The appPool should be created or already exists.
            if (appPool == null)
                throw new Exception("Invalid Application Pool.");
            //if the site already exists, throw an exception
            if (mgr.Sites[siteName] != null)
                throw new Exception("Site already exists.");
            //create site
            Site newSite = mgr.Sites.CreateElement();                   
            newSite.Id = GenerateNewSiteID(mgr, siteName);
            newSite.SetAttributeValue("name", siteName);
            newSite.ServerAutoStart = true;
            mgr.Sites.Add(newSite);
            //create the default application for the site
            Application newApp = newSite.Applications.CreateElement();
            newApp.SetAttributeValue("path", "/"); //set to default root path
            newApp.SetAttributeValue("applicationPool", applicationPoolName);
            newSite.Applications.Add(newApp);
            //create the default virtual directory
            VirtualDirectory newVirtualDirectory = newApp.VirtualDirectories.CreateElement();
            newVirtualDirectory.SetAttributeValue("path", "/");
            newVirtualDirectory.SetAttributeValue("physicalPath", contentPath);
            newApp.VirtualDirectories.Add(newVirtualDirectory);
            //add the bindings 
            Binding binding = newSite.Bindings.CreateElement();
            binding.SetAttributeValue("protocol", "ftp");
            binding.SetAttributeValue("bindingInformation", ipAddress + ":" + tcpPort + ":" + hostHeader);
            newSite.Bindings.Add(binding);
            //commit the changes
            mgr.CommitChanges();
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
    }
    return true;
}

共用方式為