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series_periods_detect()

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Applies to: ✅ Microsoft Fabric ✅ Azure Data Explorer ✅ Azure Monitor ✅ Microsoft Sentinel

Finds the most significant periods that exist in a time series.

Syntax

series_periods_detect(series, min_period, max_period, num_periods)

Learn more about syntax conventions.

Parameters

Name Type Required Description
series dynamic ✔️ An array of numeric values, typically the resulting output of the make-series or make_list operators.
min_period real ✔️ The minimal period for which to search.
max_period real ✔️ The maximal period for which to search.
num_periods long ✔️ The maximum required number of periods. This number will be the length of the output dynamic arrays.

Important

  • The algorithm can detect periods containing at least 4 points and at most half of the series length.
  • Set the min_period a little below and max_period a little above the periods you expect to find in the time series. For example, if you have an hourly aggregated signal, and you look for both daily and weekly periods (24 and 168 hours respectively), you can set min_period=0.8*24, max_period=1.2*168, and leave 20% margins around these periods.
  • The input time series must be regular. That is, aggregated in constant bins, which is always the case if it has been created using make-series. Otherwise, the output is meaningless.

Returns

The function outputs a table with two columns:

  • periods: A dynamic array containing the periods that have been found, in units of the bin size, ordered by their scores.
  • scores: A dynamic array containing values between 0 and 1. Each array measures the significance of a period in its respective position in the periods array.

Example

The following query embeds a snapshot of a month of an application’s traffic, aggregated twice a day. The bin size is 12 hours.

print y=dynamic([80, 139, 87, 110, 68, 54, 50, 51, 53, 133, 86, 141, 97, 156, 94, 149, 95, 140, 77, 61, 50, 54, 47, 133, 72, 152, 94, 148, 105, 162, 101, 160, 87, 63, 53, 55, 54, 151, 103, 189, 108, 183, 113, 175, 113, 178, 90, 71, 62, 62, 65, 165, 109, 181, 115, 182, 121, 178, 114, 170])
| project x=range(1, array_length(y), 1), y  
| render linechart

Series periods.

Running series_periods_detect() on this series, results in the weekly period, 14 points long.

print y=dynamic([80, 139, 87, 110, 68, 54, 50, 51, 53, 133, 86, 141, 97, 156, 94, 149, 95, 140, 77, 61, 50, 54, 47, 133, 72, 152, 94, 148, 105, 162, 101, 160, 87, 63, 53, 55, 54, 151, 103, 189, 108, 183, 113, 175, 113, 178, 90, 71, 62, 62, 65, 165, 109, 181, 115, 182, 121, 178, 114, 170])
| project x=range(1, array_length(y), 1), y  
| project series_periods_detect(y, 0.0, 50.0, 2)

Output

series_periods_detect_y_periods series_periods_detect_y_periods_scores
[14.0, 0.0] [0.84, 0.0]

Note

The daily period that can be also seen in the chart wasn't found because the sampling is too coarse (12h bin size), so a daily period of 2 bins is below the minimum period size of 4 points, required by the algorithm.