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Create your first component

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In this tutorial, we demonstrate how to build a linear slider code component that enables users to change the numeric values using a visual slider instead of typing the values in the column.

Linear input control in a model-driven app.

The sample code for the completed linear slider code component is available here: PowerApps-Samples/component-framework/LinearInputControl/

The following steps are required to build a linear slider code component:

Prerequisites

For this tutorial you need install the following components:

  1. Visual Studio Code (VSCode) (Ensure the Add to PATH option is select)
  2. node.js (LTS version is recommended)
  3. Microsoft Power Platform CLI (Use either Power Platform Tools for Visual Studio Code or Power Platform CLI for Windows)
  4. .NET Build tools by installing one of the following: (At minimum select the workload .NET build tools.)

Note

You may prefer to use the .NET 6.x SDK instead of the Build Tools for Visual Studio. In this case, instead of using msbuild you would use dotnet build.

Tip

It is also recommended to install git for source control.

Creating a new component project

For the purpose of this tutorial we will start in a folder located at C:\repos, but you can use any folder you like. The folder should represent a place you want to check in your code.

  1. Create a new folder named LinearInput.

  2. Open the LinearInput folder using Visual Studio Code.

    The quickest way to start is by using a command prompt window and navigate to your LinearInput folder and type code ..

    c:\repos\LinearInput>code .

    This command opens your component project in Visual Studio Code.

  3. Open a new terminal inside Visual Studio Code using Terminal -> New Terminal.

  4. At the terminal prompt, create a new component project by passing basic parameters using the pac pcf init command.

     pac pcf init --namespace SampleNamespace --name LinearInputControl --template field --run-npm-install

  5. The above command also runs the npm install command for you to setup the project build tools.

    Running 'npm install' for you...

    Note

    If you receive the error The term 'npm' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program., make sure you have installed node.js (LTS version is recommended) and all other prerequisites.

Implementing manifest

The control manifest is an XML file that contains the metadata of the code component. It also defines the behavior of the code component. In this tutorial, this manifest file is created under the LinearInputControl subfolder. When you open the ControlManifest.Input.xml file in Visual Studio Code, you'll notice that the manifest file is predefined with some properties. More information: Manifest.

The control node defines the namespace, version, and display name of the code component.

The tooling has generated the control element that is a good starting point for your control.

Tip

You may find the XML easier to read by formatting it so that attributes appear on separate lines. Find and install an XML formatting tool of your choice in the Visual Studio Code Marketplace: Search for xml formatting extensions.

The examples below have been formatted with attributes on separate lines to make them easier to read.

Attribute Description
namespace Namespace of the code component.
constructor Constructor of the code component.
version Version of the component. Whenever you update the component, you need to update the version to see the latest changes in the runtime.
display-name-key Name of the code component that is displayed on the UI.
description-key Description of the code component that is displayed on the UI.
control-type The code component type. This will be a standard control.

If you ignore the commented areas and format the document, this is the manifest that was generated for you:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<manifest>
<control namespace="SampleNamespace"
   constructor="LinearInputControl"
   version="0.0.1"
   display-name-key="LinearInputControl"
   description-key="LinearInputControl description"
   control-type="standard">
   <external-service-usage enabled="false">
   </external-service-usage>
   <property name="sampleProperty"
      display-name-key="Property_Display_Key"
      description-key="Property_Desc_Key"
      of-type="SingleLine.Text"
      usage="bound"
      required="true" />
   <resources>
      <code path="index.ts"
         order="1" />
   </resources>
</control>
</manifest>

From this starting point, make the following changes:

  1. Add type-group element
  2. Edit the property element
  3. Edit resources element

Add type-group element

Add the definition of a type-group element named numbers within the control element. This element specifies the component value and can contain whole, currency, floating point, or decimal values.

Replace the external-service-usage element with the type-group since external-service-usage functionality isn't used by this control.

<control namespace="SampleNamespace"
   constructor="LinearInputControl"
   version="0.0.1"
   display-name-key="LinearInputControl"
   description-key="LinearInputControl description"
   control-type="standard">
   <external-service-usage enabled="false">
   </external-service-usage>
   <property name="sampleProperty"
      display-name-key="Property_Display_Key"
      description-key="Property_Desc_Key"
      of-type="SingleLine.Text"
      usage="bound"
      required="true" />
   <resources>
      <code path="index.ts"
         order="1" />
   </resources>
   </control>

Edit the property element

Edit the generated sampleProperty property element within the control element. This element defines the properties of the code component like defining the data type of the column.

Attribute Description
name Name of the property.
display-name-key Display name of the property that is displayed on the UI.
description-key Description of the property that is displayed on the UI.
of-type-group Use the of-type-group attribute when you want refer to the name of a specific type group.
Here, we are referring to the type-group named numbers created in the previous step.
usage Has two properties, bound and input.

- Bound properties are bound only to the value of the column.

- Input properties are either bound to a column or allow a static value.
required Defines whether the property is required.

Edit the property node as shown here:

<property name="sampleProperty"
   display-name-key="Property_Display_Key"
   description-key="Property_Desc_Key"
   of-type="SingleLine.Text"
   usage="bound"
   required="true" />

Edit resources element

The resources node defines the visualization of the code component. It contains all the resources that build the visualization and styling of the code component. The code is specified as a child element under the resources element.

The generated manifest already includes a definition of the code element with path and order attribute values set. We will use these. In the following Adding style to the code component section, we will add CSS styles for the control. To support that, let's edit the manifest to add them while we have it open.

Edit the resources node to add the following css element:

<resources>
   <code path="index.ts"
   order="1" />
</resources>

Completed manifest

The completed manifest file should look like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<manifest>
   <control namespace="SampleNamespace"
      constructor="LinearInputControl"
      version="0.0.1"
      display-name-key="LinearInputControl"
      description-key="LinearInputControl description"
      control-type="standard">
      <type-group name="numbers">
         <type>Whole.None</type>
         <type>Currency</type>
         <type>FP</type>
         <type>Decimal</type>
      </type-group>
      <property name="controlValue"
         display-name-key="Control Value"
         description-key="Control value description."
         of-type-group="numbers"
         usage="bound"
         required="true" />
      <resources>
         <code path="index.ts"
            order="1" />
         <css path="css/LinearInputControl.css"
            order="1" />
      </resources>
   </control>
</manifest>

  1. Save the changes to the ControlManifest.Input.xml file.

  2. Generate ManifestDesignTypes.d.ts file using the following command.

    npm run refreshTypes

    The output should look like this:

    PS C:\repos\LinearInput> npm run refreshTypes

> pcf-project@1.0.0 refreshTypes
> pcf-scripts refreshTypes

[12:38:06 PM] [refreshTypes]  Initializing...
[12:38:06 PM] [refreshTypes]  Generating manifest types...
[12:38:06 PM] [refreshTypes]  Generating design types...
[12:38:06 PM] [refreshTypes]  Succeeded

  3. To see the results, open the C:\repos\LinearInput\LinearInputControl\generated\ManifestTypes.d.ts file to see the types generated:

    /*
*This is auto generated from the ControlManifest.Input.xml file
*/

// Define IInputs and IOutputs Type. They should match with ControlManifest.
export interface IInputs {
   controlValue: ComponentFramework.PropertyTypes.NumberProperty;
}
export interface IOutputs {
   controlValue?: number;
}

Implementing component logic

The next step after implementing the manifest file is to implement the component logic using TypeScript. The component logic should be implemented inside the index.ts file. When you open the index.ts file in the Visual Studio Code, you'll notice that the four essential functions (init, updateView , getOutputs, and destroy) are predefined. Now, let's implement the logic for the code component.

Open the index.ts file in the code editor of your choice and make the following changes:

  1. Add properties for the control
  2. Add the refreshData function as the event handler
  3. Update the init function
  4. Edit the updateView function
  5. Edit the getOutputs function
  6. Edit the destroy function

Add properties for the control

export class LinearInputControl
implements ComponentFramework.StandardControl<IInputs, IOutputs>
{
/**
   * Empty constructor.
*/
constructor() {}

Add the refreshData function as the event handler

public refreshData(evt: Event): void {
   this._value = this.inputElement.value as any as number;
   this.labelElement.innerHTML = this.inputElement.value;
   this._notifyOutputChanged();
}

Update the init function

public init(
   context: ComponentFramework.Context<IInputs>,
   notifyOutputChanged: () => void,
   state: ComponentFramework.Dictionary,
   container: HTMLDivElement
   ): void {
      // Add control initialization code
   }

Edit the updateView function

public updateView(context: ComponentFramework.Context<IInputs>): void {
   // Add code to update control view
}

Edit the getOutputs function

public getOutputs(): IOutputs {
   return {};
}

Edit the destroy function

public destroy(): void {
   // Add code to cleanup control if necessary
   }
}

The complete index.ts file should look like this:

import { IInputs, IOutputs } from "./generated/ManifestTypes";

export class LinearInputControl
implements ComponentFramework.StandardControl<IInputs, IOutputs>
{
private _value: number;
private _notifyOutputChanged: () => void;
private labelElement: HTMLLabelElement;
private inputElement: HTMLInputElement;
private _container: HTMLDivElement;
private _context: ComponentFramework.Context<IInputs>;
private _refreshData: EventListenerOrEventListenerObject;
/**
   * Empty constructor.
*/
constructor() {}

/**
   * Used to initialize the control instance. Controls can kick off remote server calls 
      and other initialization actions here.
   * Data-set values are not initialized here, use updateView.
   * @param context The entire property bag available to control via Context Object; 
      It contains values as set up by the customizer mapped to property names defined 
      in the manifest, as well as utility functions.
   * @param notifyOutputChanged A callback method to alert the framework that the 
      control has new outputs ready to be retrieved asynchronously.
   * @param state A piece of data that persists in one session for a single user. 
      Can be set at any point in a controls life cycle by calling 'setControlState' 
      in the Mode interface.
   * @param container If a control is marked control-type='standard', it will receive 
      an empty div element within which it can render its content.
*/
public init(
   context: ComponentFramework.Context<IInputs>,
   notifyOutputChanged: () => void,
   state: ComponentFramework.Dictionary,
   container: HTMLDivElement
): void {
   // Add control initialization code
   this._context = context;
   this._container = document.createElement("div");
   this._notifyOutputChanged = notifyOutputChanged;
   this._refreshData = this.refreshData.bind(this);

   // creating HTML elements for the input type range and binding it to the function which 
   // refreshes the control data
   this.inputElement = document.createElement("input");
   this.inputElement.setAttribute("type", "range");
   this.inputElement.addEventListener("input", this._refreshData);

   //setting the max and min values for the control.
   this.inputElement.setAttribute("min", "1");
   this.inputElement.setAttribute("max", "1000");
   this.inputElement.setAttribute("class", "linearslider");
   this.inputElement.setAttribute("id", "linearrangeinput");

   // creating a HTML label element that shows the value that is set on the linear range control
   this.labelElement = document.createElement("label");
   this.labelElement.setAttribute("class", "LinearRangeLabel");
   this.labelElement.setAttribute("id", "lrclabel");

   // retrieving the latest value from the control and setting it to the HTMl elements.
   this._value = context.parameters.controlValue.raw!;
   this.inputElement.setAttribute(
      "value",
      context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      ? context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      : "0"
   );
   this.labelElement.innerHTML = context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      ? context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      : "0";

   // appending the HTML elements to the control's HTML container element.
   this._container.appendChild(this.inputElement);
   this._container.appendChild(this.labelElement);
   container.appendChild(this._container);
}

public refreshData(evt: Event): void {
   this._value = this.inputElement.value as any as number;
   this.labelElement.innerHTML = this.inputElement.value;
   this._notifyOutputChanged();
}

/**
   * Called when any value in the property bag has changed. This includes field values, 
      data-sets, global values such as container height and width, offline status, control 
      metadata values such as label, visible, etc.
   * @param context The entire property bag available to control via Context Object; 
      It contains values as set up by the customizer mapped to names defined in the manifest, 
      as well as utility functions
*/
public updateView(context: ComponentFramework.Context<IInputs>): void {
   // Add code to update control view
   // storing the latest context from the control.
   this._value = context.parameters.controlValue.raw!;
   this._context = context;
   this.inputElement.setAttribute(
      "value",
      context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      ? context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      : ""
   );
   this.labelElement.innerHTML = context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      ? context.parameters.controlValue.formatted
      : "";
}

/**
   * It is called by the framework prior to a control receiving new data.
   * @returns an object based on nomenclature defined in manifest, 
      expecting object[s] for property marked as "bound" or "output"
*/
public getOutputs(): IOutputs {
   return {
      controlValue: this._value,
   };
}

/**
   * Called when the control is to be removed from the DOM tree. 
      Controls should use this call for cleanup.
   * i.e. cancelling any pending remote calls, removing listeners, etc.
*/
public destroy(): void {
   // Add code to cleanup control if necessary
   this.inputElement.removeEventListener("input", this._refreshData);
      }
}

When you are finished, save the changes to the index.ts file

Adding style to the code component

Developers and app makers can define their styling to represent their code components visually using CSS. CSS allows the developers to describe the presentation of code components, including style, colors, layouts, and fonts. The linear input component's init method creates an input element and sets the class attribute to linearslider. The style for the linearslider class is defined in a separate CSS file. Additional component resources like CSS files can be included with the code component to support further customizations.

Important

When you implement styling to your code components using CSS, ensure that the CSS is scoped to your control using the automatically generated CSS classes applied to the container DIV element for your component.

If your CSS is scoped globally, it will likely break the existing styling of the form or screen where the code component is rendered.

If using a third-party CSS framework, use a version of that framework that is already namespaced or otherwise wrap that framework in a namespace manually either by hand or using a CSS preprocessor.

  1. Create a new css subfolder under the LinearInputControl folder.

  2. Create a new LinearInputControl.css file inside the css subfolder.

  3. Add the following style content to the LinearInputControl.css file:

    .SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider {   
   margin: 1px 0;   
   background:transparent;
   -webkit-appearance:none;
   width:100%;padding:0;
   height:24px;
   -webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent
}
.SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider:focus {
   outline: none;
}
.SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {   
   background: #666;
   height:2px;
   cursor:pointer
}   
.SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider::-webkit-slider-thumb {   
   background: #666;   
   border:0 solid #f00;
   height:24px;
   width:10px;
   border-radius:48px;
   cursor:pointer;
   opacity:1;
   -webkit-appearance:none;
   margin-top:-12px
}    
.SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider::-moz-range-track {   
   background: #666;   
   height:2px;
   cursor:pointer  
}   
.SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider::-moz-range-thumb {   
   background: #666;   
   border:0 solid #f00;
   height:24px;
   width:10px;
   border-radius:48px;
   cursor:pointer;
   opacity:1;
   -webkit-appearance:none;
   margin-top:-12px
}   
.SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider::-ms-track {   
   background: #666;   
   height:2px;
   cursor:pointer  
}    
.SampleNamespace\.LinearInputControl input[type=range].linearslider::-ms-thumb {   
   background: #666;   
   border:0 solid #f00;
   height:24px;
   width:10px;
   border-radius:48px;
   cursor:pointer;
   opacity:1;
   -webkit-appearance:none;
}

  4. Save the LinearInputControl.css file.

  5. Note that the ControlManifest.Input.xml file already includes the css resource file inside the resources element because that was completed in the Implementing manifest section earlier.

    <resources>
<code path="index.ts"
  order="1" />
<css path="css/LinearInputControl.css"
  order="1" />
</resources>

Note

Power Apps component framework uses RESX web resources to manage the localized strings shown on any user interface. The resources to support localization are also registered in the resources node.

This first tutorial does not include localization capability. Localization is included in other tutorials.

See the Localization API sample, to learn how to localize code components using resx web resources.

Build your code components

After you finish adding manifest, component logic, and styling, build the code components using the command:

npm run build

The output should look something like this:

> pcf-project@1.0.0 build
> pcf-scripts build

[2:05:41 PM] [build]  Initializing...
[2:05:41 PM] [build]  Validating manifest...
[2:05:41 PM] [build]  Validating control...
[2:05:42 PM] [build]  Running ESLint...
[2:05:43 PM] [build]  Generating manifest types...
[2:05:43 PM] [build]  Generating design types...
[2:05:43 PM] [build]  Compiling and bundling control...
[Webpack stats]:
asset bundle.js 6.56 KiB [emitted] (name: main)
./LinearInputControl/index.ts 4.9 KiB [built] [code generated]
webpack 5.75.0 compiled successfully in 2049 ms
[2:05:45 PM] [build]  Generating build outputs...
[2:05:45 PM] [build]  Succeeded
PS C:\repos\LinearInput\LinearInputcontrol>

The build generates an updated TypeScript type declaration file under the LinearInputControl/generated folder. The component is compiled into the out/controls/LinearInputControl folder. The build artifacts include:

  • bundle.js – Bundled component source code.
  • ControlManifest.xml – Actual component manifest file that is uploaded to the Microsoft Dataverse organization.

Note

eslint rules may impact your build, depending on how they have been configured. If you receive an error during build:

[12:58:30 PM] [build]  Failed:
[pcf-1065] [Error] ESLint validation error:
C:\project\LinearInput\LinearInputControl\index.ts
  10:26  error  'EventListenerOrEventListenerObject' is not defined  no-undef

Check your eslint rules in .eslintrc.json and set linting rules to ["warn"]. For example, if you receive the error:

error 'EventListenerOrEventListenerObject' is not defined no-undef

Then you can open .eslintrc.json and edit the rules to add a ["warn"] value for the rule no-undef:

    "rules": {
      "no-unused-vars": "off",
      "no-undef": ["warn"]
    }

With the eslint rules updated, your control should build cleanly.

Debugging your code component

Once you're done implementing the code component logic, run the following command to start the debugging process. More information: Debug code components

npm start watch

The output should look something like this:

> pcf-project@1.0.0 start
> pcf-scripts start "watch"

[2:09:10 PM] [start] [watch] Initializing...
[2:09:10 PM] [start] [watch] Validating manifest...
[2:09:10 PM] [start] [watch] Validating control...
[2:09:11 PM] [start] [watch] Generating manifest types...
[2:09:11 PM] [start] [watch] Generating design types...
[2:09:11 PM] [start] [watch] Compiling and bundling control...
[Webpack stats]:
asset bundle.js 6.56 KiB [emitted] (name: main)
./LinearInputControl/index.ts 4.9 KiB [built] [code generated]
webpack 5.75.0 compiled successfully in 2060 ms
[2:09:13 PM] [start] [watch] Generating build outputs...
[2:09:13 PM] [start] [watch] Starting control harness...

Starting control harness...

[Browsersync] Access URLs:

 ----------------------------
 Local: http://localhost:8181
 ----------------------------

[Browsersync] Serving files from: C:\repos\LinearInput\out\controls\LinearInputControl

[Browsersync] Watching files...

And a browser should open to the PCF Control Sandbox so that you can see the control and test it.

Linear input control in PCF Control Sandbox

Packaging your code components

Follow these steps to create and import a solution file:

  1. Create a new folder named Solutions inside the LinearInputControl folder and navigate into the folder.

      mkdir Solutions
  cd Solutions

  2. Create a new solution project in the LinearInputControl folder using the pac solution init command:

      pac solution init --publisher-name Samples --publisher-prefix samples

    Note

    The publisher-name and publisher-prefix values must be the same as either an existing solution publisher, or a new one that you want to create in your target environment.

    You can retrieve a list of current values using this query on your target environment:

    [Environment URI]/api/data/v9.2/publishers?$select=uniquename,customizationprefix

    More information: Query data using the Web API

    The output of the pac solution init command should look like this:

    Dataverse solution project with name 'solutions' created successfully in: 'C:\repos\LinearInput\linearinputcontrol\solutions'
Dataverse solution files were successfully created for this project in the sub-directory Other, using solution name solutions, publisher name Samples, and customization prefix samples.
Please verify the publisher information and solution name found in the Solution.xml file.
PS C:\repos\LinearInput\linearinputcontrol\solutions>

  3. Once the new solution project is created, you need to refer to the location where the created component is located. You can add the reference by using the following command:

    pac solution add-reference --path ..\..\

    Note

    The path provided here is related to the current Solutions folder that was created underneath the LinearInputControl folder. You can also provide an absolute path.

    The output of the command should look like this:

    Project reference successfully added to Dataverse solution project.

  4. To generate a zip file from your solution project, when inside the cdsproj solution project directory, using the following command:

    msbuild /t:restore

    Or if you have installed the .NET 6 SDK:

    dotnet build

  5. Run the following command again:

    msbuild

    Note

    If you receive the error Missing required tool: MSBuild.exe/dotnet.exe. Add MSBuild.exe/dotnet.exe in Path environment variable or use Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio Code. As mentioned in Prerequisites, you must install .NET build tools.

    Tip

    You will see the message Do not use the eval function or its functional equivalents, when you build the solution file using the msbuild command and import it into Dataverse and run the solution checker. Re build the solution file using the command msbuild/property:configuration=Release and reimport the solution into Dataverse and run the solution checker. More information: Debug code components.

  6. The generated solution zip file is located in the Solution\bin\debug folder.

  7. Manually import the solution into Dataverse using Power Apps once the zip file is ready or automatically using the Microsoft Power Platform Build Tools.

Note

Manually publish the customizations if you are importing unmanaged solution.

Add your code component to an app

To add a code component to an app, follow the steps in these articles:

See also

Download sample components
Learn Power Apps component framework
Overview of tools and apps used with ALM
Power Apps component framework API reference
Power Apps component framework overview
Debug code components