New-VirtualDisk

Module:

Storage

Creates a new virtual disk in the specified storage pool.

Syntax

New-VirtualDisk
   [-StoragePoolFriendlyName] <String[]>
   -FriendlyName <String>
   [-Usage <Usage>]
   [-OtherUsageDescription <String>]
   [-ResiliencySettingName <String>]
   [-Size <UInt64>]
   [-UseMaximumSize]
   [-ProvisioningType <ProvisioningType>]
   [-AllocationUnitSize <UInt64>]
   [-MediaType <MediaType>]
   [-IsEnclosureAware <Boolean>]
   [-FaultDomainAwareness <FaultDomainType>]
   [-ColumnIsolation <FaultDomainType>]
   [-PhysicalDisksToUse <CimInstance[]>]
   [-PhysicalDiskRedundancy <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfDataCopies <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfColumns <UInt16>]
   [-AutoNumberOfColumns]
   [-NumberOfGroups <UInt16>]
   [-Interleave <UInt64>]
   [-StorageTiers <CimInstance[]>]
   [-StorageTierSizes <UInt64[]>]
   [-WriteCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-AutoWriteCacheSize]
   [-ReadCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-CimSession <CimSession[]>]
   [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
   [-AsJob]
   [<CommonParameters>]

New-VirtualDisk
   -StoragePoolUniqueId <String[]>
   -FriendlyName <String>
   [-Usage <Usage>]
   [-OtherUsageDescription <String>]
   [-ResiliencySettingName <String>]
   [-Size <UInt64>]
   [-UseMaximumSize]
   [-ProvisioningType <ProvisioningType>]
   [-AllocationUnitSize <UInt64>]
   [-MediaType <MediaType>]
   [-IsEnclosureAware <Boolean>]
   [-FaultDomainAwareness <FaultDomainType>]
   [-ColumnIsolation <FaultDomainType>]
   [-PhysicalDisksToUse <CimInstance[]>]
   [-PhysicalDiskRedundancy <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfDataCopies <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfColumns <UInt16>]
   [-AutoNumberOfColumns]
   [-NumberOfGroups <UInt16>]
   [-Interleave <UInt64>]
   [-StorageTiers <CimInstance[]>]
   [-StorageTierSizes <UInt64[]>]
   [-WriteCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-AutoWriteCacheSize]
   [-ReadCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-CimSession <CimSession[]>]
   [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
   [-AsJob]
   [<CommonParameters>]

New-VirtualDisk
   -StoragePoolName <String[]>
   -FriendlyName <String>
   [-Usage <Usage>]
   [-OtherUsageDescription <String>]
   [-ResiliencySettingName <String>]
   [-Size <UInt64>]
   [-UseMaximumSize]
   [-ProvisioningType <ProvisioningType>]
   [-AllocationUnitSize <UInt64>]
   [-MediaType <MediaType>]
   [-IsEnclosureAware <Boolean>]
   [-FaultDomainAwareness <FaultDomainType>]
   [-ColumnIsolation <FaultDomainType>]
   [-PhysicalDisksToUse <CimInstance[]>]
   [-PhysicalDiskRedundancy <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfDataCopies <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfColumns <UInt16>]
   [-AutoNumberOfColumns]
   [-NumberOfGroups <UInt16>]
   [-Interleave <UInt64>]
   [-StorageTiers <CimInstance[]>]
   [-StorageTierSizes <UInt64[]>]
   [-WriteCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-AutoWriteCacheSize]
   [-ReadCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-CimSession <CimSession[]>]
   [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
   [-AsJob]
   [<CommonParameters>]

New-VirtualDisk
   -InputObject <CimInstance[]>
   -FriendlyName <String>
   [-Usage <Usage>]
   [-OtherUsageDescription <String>]
   [-ResiliencySettingName <String>]
   [-Size <UInt64>]
   [-UseMaximumSize]
   [-ProvisioningType <ProvisioningType>]
   [-AllocationUnitSize <UInt64>]
   [-MediaType <MediaType>]
   [-IsEnclosureAware <Boolean>]
   [-FaultDomainAwareness <FaultDomainType>]
   [-ColumnIsolation <FaultDomainType>]
   [-PhysicalDisksToUse <CimInstance[]>]
   [-PhysicalDiskRedundancy <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfDataCopies <UInt16>]
   [-NumberOfColumns <UInt16>]
   [-AutoNumberOfColumns]
   [-NumberOfGroups <UInt16>]
   [-Interleave <UInt64>]
   [-StorageTiers <CimInstance[]>]
   [-StorageTierSizes <UInt64[]>]
   [-WriteCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-AutoWriteCacheSize]
   [-ReadCacheSize <UInt64>]
   [-CimSession <CimSession[]>]
   [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>]
   [-AsJob]
   [<CommonParameters>]

Description

The New-VirtualDisk cmdlet creates a new virtual disk in the specified storage pool.

Examples

Example 1: Creating a 100 GB virtual disk using default settings

PS C:\> New-VirtualDisk -StoragePoolFriendlyName CompanyData -FriendlyName UserData -Size 100GB

This example creates a virtual disk named UserData from the storage pool named CompanyData that is 100GB in size, using the storage pool default settings for unspecified parameters.

Example 2: Creating a thinly-provisioned mirror

PS C:\> New-VirtualDisk -StoragePoolFriendlyName CompanyData -FriendlyName DataWarehouse -ResiliencySettingName Mirror -Size 42TB -ProvisioningType Thin

This example creates a virtual disk named DataWarehouse, which is 42TB in size, uses the Mirror resiliency setting, and is thinly provisioned.

Example 3: Creating a three-way mirror

PS C:\> New-VirtualDisk -StoragePoolFriendlyName CompanyData -FriendlyName BusinessCritical -ResiliencySettingName Mirror -NumberOfDataCopies 3 -Size 42TB -ProvisioningType Thin

This example creates a 42 TB thinly-provisioned virtual disk on the Windows Storage subsystem, using the Mirror resiliency setting with three data copies. This creates a three-way mirror that is capable of tolerating two disk failures).

Example 4: Creating a two-column mirror

PS C:\> New-VirtualDisk -StoragePoolFriendlyName CompanyData -FriendlyName BusinessCritical -ResiliencySettingName Mirror - -Size 42TB -ProvisioningType Thin -NumberOfColumns 2

This example creates a thinly-provisioned virtual disk on the Windows Storage subsystem that uses two columns, regardless of how many physical disks are in the storage pool above the two-disk minimum for a two-way mirror.

Example 5: Create a mirror space with storage tiers

PS C:\> $SSD = Get-StorageTier -FriendlyName *SSD*
PS C:\> $HDD = Get-StorageTier -FriendlyName *HDD*
PS C:\> Get-StoragePool CompanyData | New-VirtualDisk -FriendlyName "UserData01" -ResiliencySettingName "Mirror" -StorageTiers $SSD, $HDD -StorageTierSizes 8GB, 32GB

This example creates a 40 GB fixed provisioning virtual disk on the Windows Storage subsystem. The virtual disk uses the Mirror resiliency setting and storage tiers to store 8 GB of data on the SSD tier and 32 GB of data on the HDD tier.

Example 6: Create a dual-parity space

PS C:\>New-VirtualDisk -StoragePoolFriendlyName "CompanyData" -FriendlyName "ArchivalData" -Size 50GB -ProvisioningType Fixed -ResiliencySettingName "Parity" -PhysicalDiskRedundancy 2

This example creates a virtual disk on the Windows Storage subsystem that uses the dual-parity resiliency type to help protect against two simultaneous disk failures and maximize capacity efficiency.

Parameters

-AllocationUnitSize

Specifies the allocation unit size to use when create the virtual disk.

Type:	UInt64
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-AsJob

Runs the cmdlet as a background job. Use this parameter to run commands that take a long time to complete.

Type:	SwitchParameter
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-AutoNumberOfColumns

Specifies that the number of columns used by the virtual disk should be automatically determined. Columns represent the number of underlying physical disks across which one stripe of data for a virtual disk is written.

Type:	SwitchParameter
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-AutoWriteCacheSize

Indicates that the cmdlet sets the size of the write-back cache to 1 GB for all types of storage spaces, which include simple, mirror, and parity, to create from the pool. If the number or size of the solid-state drives (SSDs) or journal disks in the storage pool is not sufficient and you specify a value of $True for this parameter, the cmdlet sets the write-back cache size to 0 for simple and mirror spaces, and to 32 MB for parity spaces.

Type:	SwitchParameter
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-CimSession

Runs the cmdlet in a remote session or on a remote computer. Enter a computer name or a session object, such as the output of a New-CimSession or Get-CimSession cmdlet. The default is the current session on the local computer.

Type:	CimSession[]
Aliases:	Session
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-ColumnIsolation

Specifies at which level columns within a virtual disk should be isolated from each other. We recommend omitting this parameter and using the defaults. The acceptable values for this parameter are:

• PhysicalDisk
• StorageScaleUnit
• StorageChassis
• StorageEnclosure
• StorageRack

Type:	FaultDomainType
Accepted values:	PhysicalDisk, StorageEnclosure, StorageScaleUnit, StorageChassis, StorageRack
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-FaultDomainAwareness

Specifies at what level you want the virtual disk to be fault tolerant. The acceptable values for this parameter are:

• PhysicalDisk
• StorageScaleUnit
• StorageChassis
• StorageEnclosure
• StorageRack

For example, specify StorageScaleUnit to store data copies on separate nodes of a Storage Spaces Direct cluster. This cmdlet refers to nodes of a Storage Spaces Direct cluster as storage scale units because you can expand the scale of the cluster by adding more nodes.

Type:	FaultDomainType
Accepted values:	PhysicalDisk, StorageEnclosure, StorageScaleUnit, StorageChassis, StorageRack
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-FriendlyName

Specifies the friendly name for the virtual disk. The friendly name is not required to be unique.

Type:	String
Aliases:	VirtualDiskFriendlyName
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	True
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-InputObject

Specifies the input object that is used in a pipeline command.

Type:	CimInstance[]
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	True
Accept pipeline input:	True
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-Interleave

Specifies the interleave value to use during the creation of a virtual disk. The interleave value represents the number of bytes that is written to a single physical disk. Therefore, Interleave * NumberOfColumns yields the size of one stripe of user data.

Type:	UInt64
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-IsEnclosureAware

Specifies that the virtual disk should use enclosure awareness.

To support deployments that require an added level of fault tolerance, Storage Spaces can associate each copy of data with a particular just-a-bunch-of-disk (JBOD) enclosure. This capability is known as enclosure awareness. With enclosure awareness, if one enclosure fails or goes offline, the data remains available in one or more alternate enclosures.

To use enclosure awareness, you must use JBODs that are certified for use with Storage Spaces and you must have a sufficient number of JBODs and disks to support the resiliency types of the storage spaces you create (generally you'll need three or four JBODs). For a list of certified JBODs, see the Windows Server Catalog. For more information about enclosure awareness, see Storage Spaces Frequently Asked Questions.

Type:	Boolean
Position:	Named
Default value:	False
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-MediaType

Specifies the media type of the storage tier. The cmdlet creates the storage tier for the media type that you specify. The acceptable values for this parameter are:

• SSD
• SCM
• HDD

Use SCM for storage-class memory such as NVDIMMs.

Type:	MediaType
Accepted values:	HDD, SSD, SCM
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-NumberOfColumns

Specifies the number of columns to use when allocating the virtual disk.

Type:	UInt16
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-NumberOfDataCopies

Specifies the number of data copies to create. Specify 2 to create a two-way mirror, or 3 to specify a three-way mirror or for dual parity.

Type:	UInt16
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-NumberOfGroups

specifies the number of groups used by Local Reconstruction Coding (LRC) with a dual parity virtual disk. We recommend omitting this parameter and using the defaults.

Type:	UInt16
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-OtherUsageDescription

Specifies an OtherUsageDescription string for the virtual disk. You can use the OtherUsageDescription parameter only if you set the Usage parameter to Other or do not include the Usage parameter.

Type:	String
Aliases:	VirtualDiskOtherUsageDescription
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-PhysicalDiskRedundancy

Specifies the physical disk redundancy value to use during the creation of a virtual disk. This value represents how many failed physical disks the virtual disk can tolerate without data loss.

• For two-way mirror spaces, the virtual disk can tolerate 1 failed physical disk without data loss.
• For three-way mirror spaces, the virtual disk can tolerate 2 failed physical disks without data loss.
• For single-parity spaces, the virtual disk can tolerate 1 failed physical disk without data loss.
• For dual-parity spaces the virtual disk can tolerate 2 failed physical disks without data loss.

Type:	UInt16
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-PhysicalDisksToUse

Specifies an array of one or more PhysicalDisk objects. The PhysicalDisk objects represent the specific physical disks on which to create this virtual disk.

Type:	CimInstance[]
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-ProvisioningType

Specifies the type of provisioning. The acceptable values for this parameter are:Fixed, or Thin. You must specify Fixed for storage spaces that use storage tiers or a clustered storage pool.

Type:	ProvisioningType
Accepted values:	Unknown, Thin, Fixed
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-ReadCacheSize

This parameter is no longer supported.

Type:	UInt64
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-ResiliencySettingName

Specifies the resiliency setting, or storage layout, to use for the virtual disk. Acceptable values vary by storage subsystem.

Allowed values for the Windows Storage subsystem are: Simple, Mirror, or Parity. By default, when you specify Mirror, Storage Spaces creates a two-way mirror, and when you specify Parity, Storage Spaces creates a single-parity space.

To create a three-way mirror space, specify 3 for the NumberofDataCopies parameter or 2 for the PhysicalDiskRedundancy parameter.

To create a dual-parity space, specify 2 for the PhysicalDiskRedundancy parameter and Fixed provisioning for the ProvisioningType parameter.

Type:	String
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-Size

Specifies the size of the virtual disk to create. The default unit is Bytes; to specify a different unit, enter the size followed by one of the following unit values, with no spaces: Bytes, KB, MB, GB, or TB.

Type:	UInt64
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-StoragePoolFriendlyName

Specifies the friendly name of the storage pool in which to create the virtual disk. Enter a friendly name, or use wildcard characters to enter a name pattern.

Type:	String[]
Position:	0
Default value:	None
Required:	True
Accept pipeline input:	True
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-StoragePoolName

Specifies the name of the storage pool in which to create the virtual disk. Enter the name of the storage pool provided by the Storage Management Provider, or use wildcard characters to enter a name pattern.

Type:	String[]
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	True
Accept pipeline input:	True
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-StoragePoolUniqueId

Specifies the ID of the storage pool in which to create the virtual disk Enter an ID or use wildcard characters to enter a pattern.

Type:	String[]
Aliases:	StoragePoolId
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	True
Accept pipeline input:	True
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-StorageTiers

Specifies an array of storage tiers as a CIMInstance object. The cmdlet adds the storage tiers that you specify to the virtual disk. To obtain a virtual disk object, use the Get-StorageTier cmdlet.

Type:	CimInstance[]
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-StorageTierSizes

Specifies an array of sizes of the storage tiers that you specify for the StorageTiers parameter.

Type:	UInt64[]
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-ThrottleLimit

Specifies the maximum number of concurrent operations that can be established to run the cmdlet. If this parameter is omitted or a value of 0 is entered, then Windows PowerShell® calculates an optimum throttle limit for the cmdlet based on the number of CIM cmdlets that are running on the computer. The throttle limit applies only to the current cmdlet, not to the session or to the computer.

Type:	Int32
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-Usage

Specifies the intended usage of the virtual disk. You can specify one of the predefined descriptions, or use the default value (Other) and instead use the OtherUsageDescription parameter to specify a custom value.

Type:	Usage
Accepted values:	Other, Unrestricted, ReservedForComputerSystem, ReservedForReplicationServices, ReservedForMigrationServices, LocalReplicaSource, RemoteReplicaSource, LocalReplicaTarget, RemoteReplicaTarget, LocalReplicaSourceOrTarget, RemoteReplicaSourceOrTarget, DeltaReplicaTarget, ElementComponent, ReservedAsPoolContributer, CompositeVolumeMember, CompositeVirtualDiskMember, ReservedForSparing
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-UseMaximumSize

Creates a virtual disk with the maximum size possible given the available storage pool space and specified parameters.

Type:	SwitchParameter
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

-WriteCacheSize

Specifies the size of the write-back cache. The cmdlet creates the write-back cache of the size that you specify when the cmdlet creates the virtual disk space.

The following describes the behavior of this parameter based on the value that you specify:

1. If you do not specify this parameter, the cmdlet sets the value of the WriteCacheSizeDefault property from the storage pool.

2. The default setting of WriteCacheSizeDefault for a storage pool is Auto, which specifies that Windows Server automatically selects the optimal write-back cache size for your configuration. You can change the value of WriteCacheSizeDefault to a concrete value at any time.

3. The Auto setting for WriteCacheSize functions as follows:

   1. If any of the following is true, Auto is set to 1 GB:
      1. The storage pool contains at least N drives with enough capacity and you set the Usage parameter to Journal. (N = 1 for simple spaces, N = 2 for two-way mirror and single parity, N = 3 for three-way mirror and dual parity)
      2. The storage pool contains at least N drives with enough capacity and the media type of the virtual disk is set to SSD (N = 1 for simple spaces, N = 2 for two-way mirror and single parity, N = 3 for three-way mirror and dual parity)
   2. Otherwise, Auto is set to 0 (no log) for simple and mirror spaces, and 32 MB for parity spaces.

4. If you specify Auto or 0 (zero) for this parameter and the storage space is not a parity space, the cmdlet verifies that either 3.a.i or 3.a.ii is true. If either 3.a.i or 3.a.ii is not true, you cannot set WriteCacheSize to Auto or 0.

   1. The objective of these conditions is to help you avoid scenarios in which you force the creation of a write-back cache in situations that result in slower performance.

Type:	UInt64
Position:	Named
Default value:	None
Required:	False
Accept pipeline input:	False
Accept wildcard characters:	False

Inputs

CimInstance

You can use the pipeline operator to pass an MSFT_StoragePool object to the InputObject parameter.

CimInstance

You can use the pipeline operator to pass an array of MSFT_StorageTier objects to the StorageTiers parameter.

Outputs

CimInstance

The New-VirtualDisk cmdlet returns an object that represents the newly created virtual disk.

Notes

• When used in Failover Cluster, cmdlets from the Storage module operate on cluster level (all servers in the cluster).

Related Links

• Add-VirtualDiskToMaskingSet
• Connect-VirtualDisk
• Disconnect-VirtualDisk
• Get-StoragePool
• Get-StorageTier
• Get-VirtualDisk
• Hide-VirtualDisk
• New-MaskingSet
• Remove-VirtualDisk
• Repair-VirtualDisk
• Resize-VirtualDisk
• Set-VirtualDisk
• Show-VirtualDisk