HOW TO:使用 C++ Interop 封送處理結構
本主題將示範 Visual C++ 互通性的一個 Facet。 如需詳細資訊,請參閱使用 C++ Interop (隱含 PInvoke)。
在下列範例中,程式碼會使用 managed, unmanaged #pragma 指示詞,在相同的檔案中實作 Managed 和 Unmanaged 函式,這些函式即使在不同的檔案中定義,也會以相同的方式互相溝通。 只包含 Unmanaged 函式的檔案,不需要以 /clr (Common Language Runtime 編譯) 編譯。
範例
下列程式碼範例會示範以傳值 (By Value) 和傳址 (By Reference) 的方式,從 Managed 函式將結構傳遞至 Unmanaged 函式。 因為這個範例中的結構只包含簡單的內建型別 (請參閱Blittable 和非 Blittable 型別),所以不需要特別的封送處理 (Marshaling)。 若要封送處理非 Blittable 結構,例如包含指標的結構,請參閱 HOW TO:使用 C++ Interop 封送處理內嵌指標。
// PassStruct1.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
#pragma unmanaged
struct Location {
int x;
int y;
};
double GetDistance(Location loc1, Location loc2) {
printf_s("[unmanaged] loc1(%d,%d)", loc1.x, loc1.y);
printf_s(" loc2(%d,%d)\n", loc2.x, loc2.y);
double h = loc1.x - loc2.x;
double v = loc1.y = loc2.y;
double dist = sqrt( pow(h,2) + pow(v,2) );
return dist;
}
void InitLocation(Location* lp) {
printf_s("[unmanaged] Initializing location...\n");
lp->x = 50;
lp->y = 50;
}
#pragma managed
int main() {
Location loc1;
loc1.x = 0;
loc1.y = 0;
Location loc2;
loc2.x = 100;
loc2.y = 100;
double dist = GetDistance(loc1, loc2);
Console::WriteLine("[managed] distance = {0}", dist);
Location loc3;
InitLocation(&loc3);
Console::WriteLine("[managed] x={0} y={1}", loc3.x, loc3.y);
}
下列程式碼範例會示範以傳值和傳址的方式,從 Unmanaged 函式將結構傳遞至 Managed 函式。 因為這個範例中的結構只包含簡單的內建型別 (請參閱Blittable 和非 Blittable 型別),所以不需要特別的封送處理。 若要封送處理非 Blittable 結構,例如包含指標的結構,請參閱 HOW TO:使用 C++ Interop 封送處理內嵌指標。
// PassStruct2.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
using namespace System;
// native structure definition
struct Location {
int x;
int y;
};
#pragma managed
double GetDistance(Location loc1, Location loc2) {
Console::Write("[managed] got loc1({0},{1})", loc1.x, loc1.y);
Console::WriteLine(" loc2({0},{1})", loc2.x, loc2.y);
double h = loc1.x - loc2.x;
double v = loc1.y = loc2.y;
double dist = sqrt( pow(h,2) + pow(v,2) );
return dist;
}
void InitLocation(Location* lp) {
Console::WriteLine("[managed] Initializing location...");
lp->x = 50;
lp->y = 50;
}
#pragma unmanaged
int UnmanagedFunc() {
Location loc1;
loc1.x = 0;
loc1.y = 0;
Location loc2;
loc2.x = 100;
loc2.y = 100;
printf_s("(unmanaged) loc1=(%d,%d)", loc1.x, loc1.y);
printf_s(" loc2=(%d,%d)\n", loc2.x, loc2.y);
double dist = GetDistance(loc1, loc2);
printf_s("[unmanaged] distance = %f\n", dist);
Location loc3;
InitLocation(&loc3);
printf_s("[unmanaged] got x=%d y=%d\n", loc3.x, loc3.y);
return 0;
}
#pragma managed
int main() {
UnmanagedFunc();
}