equal_range

發行項
06/09/2015

假設有已排序的範圍，尋找其中所有項目都與給定值相等的子範圍。

template<class ForwardIterator, class Type>
   pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator> equal_range(
      ForwardIterator first,
      ForwardIterator last, 
      const Type& val
   );
template<class ForwardIterator, class Type, class Predicate>
   pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator> equal_range(
      ForwardIterator first,
      ForwardIterator last, 
      const Type& val, 
      Predicate comp
   );

參數

first
順向迭代器，定址要搜尋之範圍中第一個項目的位置。
last
順向迭代器，定址要搜尋之範圍中越過最後一個項目的位置。
val
在已排序的範圍中被搜尋的值。
comp
使用者定義的述詞函式物件，定義在此意義上某個項目小於另一個。

傳回值

指定子範圍的一對順向迭代器，包含在搜尋的範圍中，其中所有項目都等於所用的二進位述詞定義的 val ( comp 或預設，小於)。

如果範圍內沒有相當於 val 的項目，則傳回的順向迭代器配對會相等，並且指定可插入 val 而不會干擾範圍順序的點。

備註

演算法所傳回值組中的第一個迭代器為 lower_bound，而第二個迭代器為 upper_bound。

必須根據提供給 equal_range 的述詞排序範圍。例如，如果您要使用大於述詞，則必須以遞減順序排序範圍。

可能為空白的子範圍中的項目 (由 equal_range 傳回的一對迭代器所定義) 在所使用的述詞定義的意義上，將與 val 相等。

演算法的複雜度為隨機存取迭代器的對數，若步驟數目成比例則為線性 (last – first)。

範例

// alg_equal_range.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>      // greater<int>()
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

template<class T> void dump_vector( const vector<T>& v, pair< typename vector<T>::iterator, typename vector<T>::iterator > range )
{
    // prints vector v with range delimited by [ and ]

    for( typename vector<T>::const_iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i )
    {
        if( i == range.first )
        {
            cout << "[ ";
        }
        if( i == range.second )
        {
            cout << "] ";
        }

        cout << *i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

template<class T> void equal_range_demo( const vector<T>& original_vector, T val )
{
    vector<T> v(original_vector);

    sort( v.begin(), v.end() );
    cout << "Vector sorted by the default binary predicate <:" << endl << '\t';
    for( vector<T>::const_iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i )
    {
        cout << *i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl << endl;

    pair< vector<T>::iterator, vector<T>::iterator > result
        = equal_range( v.begin(), v.end(), val );

    cout << "Result of equal_range with val = " << val << ":" << endl << '\t';
    dump_vector( v, result );
    cout << endl;
}

template<class T, class F> void equal_range_demo( const vector<T>& original_vector, T val, F pred, string predname )
{
    vector<T> v(original_vector);

    sort( v.begin(), v.end(), pred );
    cout << "Vector sorted by the binary predicate " << predname << ":" << endl << '\t';
    for( typename vector<T>::const_iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i )
    {
        cout << *i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl << endl;

    pair< typename vector<T>::iterator, typename vector<T>::iterator > result
        = equal_range( v.begin(), v.end(), val, pred );

    cout << "Result of equal_range with val = " << val << ":" << endl << '\t';
    dump_vector( v, result );
    cout << endl;
}

// Return whether absolute value of elem1 is less than absolute value of elem2
bool abs_lesser( int elem1, int elem2 )
{
    return abs(elem1) < abs(elem2);
}

// Return whether string l is shorter than string r
bool shorter_than(const string& l, const string& r)
{
    return l.size() < r.size();
}

int main()
{
    vector<int> v1;

    // Constructing vector v1 with default less than ordering
    for( int i = -1; i <= 4; ++i )
    {
        v1.push_back(i);
    }

    for( int i =-3; i <= 0; ++i )
    {
        v1.push_back( i );
    }

    equal_range_demo( v1, 3 );
    equal_range_demo( v1, 3, greater<int>(), "greater" );
    equal_range_demo( v1, 3, abs_lesser, "abs_lesser" );

    vector<string> v2;

    v2.push_back("cute");
    v2.push_back("fluffy");
    v2.push_back("kittens");
    v2.push_back("fun");
    v2.push_back("meowmeowmeow");
    v2.push_back("blah");

    equal_range_demo<string>( v2, "fred" );
    equal_range_demo<string>( v2, "fred", shorter_than, "shorter_than" );
}

Output

Vector sorted by the default binary predicate <:
        -3 -2 -1 -1 0 0 1 2 3 4

Result of equal_range with val = 3:
        -3 -2 -1 -1 0 0 1 2 [ 3 ] 4

Vector sorted by the binary predicate greater:
        4 3 2 1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -3

Result of equal_range with val = 3:
        4 [ 3 ] 2 1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -3

Vector sorted by the binary predicate abs_lesser:
        0 0 -1 1 -1 2 -2 3 -3 4

Result of equal_range with val = 3:
        0 0 -1 1 -1 2 -2 [ 3 -3 ] 4

Vector sorted by the default binary predicate <:
        blah cute fluffy fun kittens meowmeowmeow

Result of equal_range with val = fred:
        blah cute fluffy [ ] fun kittens meowmeowmeow

Vector sorted by the binary predicate shorter_than:
        fun cute blah fluffy kittens meowmeowmeow

Result of equal_range with val = fred:
        fun [ cute blah ] fluffy kittens meowmeowmeow