例外狀況處理行為在 /CLR 之下的差異
使用 Managed 例外狀況中的基本概念將告訴您在受管理的應用程式中處理的例外狀況。 本主題中,在與例外處理和一些限制的標準行為的差異會詳加討論。 如需詳細資訊,請參閱 _set_se_translator 函式。
跳出 Finally 區塊中
原生 C/C++ 程式碼,使其跳躍超出 __最後雖然它會產生一則警告,允許使用結構化的例外處理 (SEH) 的區塊。 在 /clr、 跳躍超出 最後區塊會產生錯誤:
// clr_exception_handling_4.cpp
// compile with: /clr
int main() {
try {}
finally {
return 0; // also fails with goto, break, continue
}
} // C3276
例外狀況篩選條件內引發例外狀況
在處理期間引發例外狀況時例外狀況篩選條件例外狀況是在 managed 程式碼,攔截到,並視為篩選就會傳回 0。
這是行為相較之下,原生程式碼,就會引發巢狀例外狀況, ExceptionRecord 個 EXCEPTION_RECORD 結構 (如所傳回的 GetExceptionInformation) 設定,和 ExceptionFlags 設定 0x10 位元欄位。 下列範例說明上述行為差異:
// clr_exception_handling_5.cpp
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#ifndef false
#define false 0
#endif
int *p;
int filter(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionPointers) {
PEXCEPTION_RECORD ExceptionRecord =
ExceptionPointers->ExceptionRecord;
if ((ExceptionRecord->ExceptionFlags & 0x10) == 0) {
// not a nested exception, throw one
*p = 0; // throw another AV
}
else {
printf("Caught a nested exception\n");
return 1;
}
assert(false);
return 0;
}
void f(void) {
__try {
*p = 0; // throw an AV
}
__except(filter(GetExceptionInformation())) {
printf_s("We should execute this handler if "
"compiled to native\n");
}
}
int main() {
__try {
f();
}
__except(1) {
printf_s("The handler in main caught the "
"exception\n");
}
}
Output
Caught a nested exception
We should execute this handler if compiled to native
不相關的 Rethrows
/clr不支援重新擲回例外狀況的 catch 處理常式 (即不相關的重新擲回) 之外。 在處理此型別的例外狀況的方式與標準的 C++ 重新擲回。 若碰到不相關的重新擲回使用中的 managed 例外狀況時,例外狀況就是包裝成 C++ 例外狀況,然後重新擲回。 這個型別的例外狀況只會為型別的例外狀況抓到 System::SEHException。
下列範例會示範以 C++ 例外狀況重新擲回的 managed 例外狀況:
// clr_exception_handling_6.cpp
// compile with: /clr
using namespace System;
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void rethrow( void ) {
// This rethrow is a dissasociated rethrow.
// The exception would be masked as SEHException.
throw;
}
int main() {
try {
try {
throw gcnew ApplicationException;
}
catch ( ApplicationException^ ) {
rethrow();
// If the call to rethrow() is replaced with
// a throw statement within the catch handler,
// the rethrow would be a managed rethrow and
// the exception type would remain
// System::ApplicationException
}
}
catch ( ApplicationException^ ) {
assert( false );
// This will not be executed since the exception
// will be masked as SEHException.
}
catch ( Runtime::InteropServices::SEHException^ ) {
printf_s("caught an SEH Exception\n" );
}
}
Output
caught an SEH Exception
例外狀況篩選條件和 EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION
如果篩選傳回EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION在受管理的應用程式中,它被當作篩選條件傳回EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH。 如需有關這些常數的詳細資訊,請參閱試-除非陳述式。
下列範例會示範這種差異:
// clr_exception_handling_7.cpp
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
int main() {
int Counter = 0;
__try {
__try {
Counter -= 1;
RaiseException (0xe0000000|'seh',
0, 0, 0);
Counter -= 2;
}
__except (Counter) {
// Counter is negative,
// indicating "CONTINUE EXECUTE"
Counter -= 1;
}
}
__except(1) {
Counter -= 100;
}
printf_s("Counter=%d\n", Counter);
}
Output
Counter=-3
_Set_se_translator 函式
轉譯器函式的呼叫來設定**_set_se_translator**,會影響在 unmanaged 程式碼中的抓住情況。 下列範例會示範這項限制:
// clr_exception_handling_8.cpp
// compile with: /clr /EHa
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <eh.h>
#pragma warning (disable: 4101)
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
#define MYEXCEPTION_CODE 0xe0000101
class CMyException {
public:
unsigned int m_ErrorCode;
EXCEPTION_POINTERS * m_pExp;
CMyException() : m_ErrorCode( 0 ), m_pExp( NULL ) {}
CMyException( unsigned int i, EXCEPTION_POINTERS * pExp )
: m_ErrorCode( i ), m_pExp( pExp ) {}
CMyException( CMyException& c ) : m_ErrorCode( c.m_ErrorCode ),
m_pExp( c.m_pExp ) {}
friend ostream& operator <<
( ostream& out, const CMyException& inst ) {
return out << "CMyException[\n" <<
"Error Code: " << inst.m_ErrorCode << "]";
}
};
#pragma unmanaged
void my_trans_func( unsigned int u, PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pExp ) {
cout << "In my_trans_func.\n";
throw CMyException( u, pExp );
}
#pragma managed
void managed_func() {
try {
RaiseException( MYEXCEPTION_CODE, 0, 0, 0 );
}
catch ( CMyException x ) {}
catch ( ... ) {
printf_s("This is invoked since "
"_set_se_translator is not "
"supported when /clr is used\n" );
}
}
#pragma unmanaged
void unmanaged_func() {
try {
RaiseException( MYEXCEPTION_CODE,
0, 0, 0 );
}
catch ( CMyException x ) {
printf("Caught an SEH exception with "
"exception code: %x\n", x.m_ErrorCode );
}
catch ( ... ) {}
}
// #pragma managed
int main( int argc, char ** argv ) {
_set_se_translator( my_trans_func );
// It does not matter whether the translator function
// is registered in managed or unmanaged code
managed_func();
unmanaged_func();
}
Output
This is invoked since _set_se_translator is not supported when /clr is used
In my_trans_func.
Caught an SEH exception with exception code: e0000101