MsgBox 範例

這個範例示範如何以傳值方式將字串型別當成 In 參數傳遞，以及何時使用 EntryPoint、CharSet 和 ExactSpelling 欄位。

MsgBox 範例使用下列 Unmanaged 函式，顯示其原始函式宣告：

• 從 User32.dll 匯出的 MessageBox。

  int MessageBox(HWND hWnd, LPCTSTR lpText, LPCTSTR lpCaption, 
     UINT uType);
  

在這個範例中，LibWrap 類別包含由 MsgBoxSample 類別呼叫的每一個 Unmanaged 函式的 Managed 原型。 對於相同的 Unmanaged 函式，Managed 原型方法 MsgBox、MsgBox2 和 MsgBox3 有不同的宣告。

MsgBox2 的宣告會在訊息方塊中產生不正確的輸出，因為以 ANSI 指定的字元型別與進入點 (Entry Point) MessageBoxW (即 Unicode 函式的名稱) 不相符。 MsgBox3 的宣告會在 EntryPoint、CharSet 和 ExactSpelling 欄位之間建立一個不相符。 當呼叫時，MsgBox3 會擲回例外狀況。 如需字串命名和名稱封送處理的詳細資訊，請參閱指定字元集。

宣告原型

Public Class LibWrap
   ' Declares managed prototypes for unmanaged functions.
   Declare Auto Function MsgBox Lib "User32.dll" Alias "MessageBox" ( _
       ByVal hWnd As Integer, ByVal txt As String, ByVal caption As String, _
       ByVal typ As Integer ) As Integer

   ' Causes incorrect output in the message window.
   Declare Ansi Function MsgBox2 Lib "User32.dll" Alias "MessageBoxW" ( _
       ByVal hWnd As Integer, ByVal txt As String, ByVal caption As String, _
       ByVal type As Integer ) As Integer

   ' Causes an exception to be thrown.
   ' ExactSpelling is True by default in when
   ' Ansi or Unicode is used.
   Declare Ansi Function MsgBox3 Lib "User32.dll" Alias "MessageBox" ( _
       ByVal hWnd As Integer, ByVal txt As String, ByVal caption As String, _
       ByVal typ As Integer ) As Integer
End Class

public class LibWrap
{
    // Declares managed prototypes for unmanaged functions.
    [DllImport( "User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox",
        CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern int MsgBox(int hWnd, string text, string caption,
      uint type);

    // Causes incorrect output in the message window.
    [DllImport( "User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBoxW",
        CharSet=CharSet.Ansi )]
    public static extern int MsgBox2(int hWnd, string text,
       string caption, uint type);

    // Causes an exception to be thrown. EntryPoint, CharSet, and
    // ExactSpelling fields are mismatched.
    [DllImport( "User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox",
        CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, ExactSpelling=true )]
    public static extern int MsgBox3(int hWnd, string text,
        string caption, uint type);
}

public ref class LibWrap
{
public:
    // Declares managed prototypes for unmanaged functions.
    [DllImport( "User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox",
        CharSet=CharSet::Auto)]
    static int MsgBox(int hWnd, String^ text, String^ caption,
      unsigned int type);

    // Causes incorrect output in the message window.
    [DllImport( "User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBoxW",
        CharSet=CharSet::Ansi )]
    static int MsgBox2(int hWnd, String^ text,
       String^ caption, unsigned int type);

    // Causes an exception to be thrown. EntryPoint, CharSet, and
    // ExactSpelling fields are mismatched.
    [DllImport( "User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox",
        CharSet=CharSet::Ansi, ExactSpelling=true )]
    static int MsgBox3(int hWnd, String^ text,
        String^ caption, unsigned int type);
};

呼叫函式

Public Class MsgBoxSample
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        LibWrap.MsgBox(0, "Correct text", "MsgBox Sample", 0)
        LibWrap.MsgBox2(0, "Incorrect text", "MsgBox Sample", 0)

        Try
            LibWrap.MsgBox3(0, "No such function", "MsgBox Sample", 0)
        Catch e As EntryPointNotFoundException
            Console.WriteLine("EntryPointNotFoundException thrown as expected!")
        End Try
    End Sub
End Class

public class MsgBoxSample
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        LibWrap.MsgBox(0, "Correct text", "MsgBox Sample", 0);
        LibWrap.MsgBox2(0, "Incorrect text", "MsgBox Sample", 0);

        try
        {
            LibWrap.MsgBox3(0, "No such function", "MsgBox Sample", 0);
        }
        catch(EntryPointNotFoundException)
        {
           Console.WriteLine("EntryPointNotFoundException thrown as expected!");
        }
    }
}

public class MsgBoxSample
{
public:
    static void Main()
    {
        LibWrap::MsgBox(0, "Correct text", "MsgBox Sample", 0);
        LibWrap::MsgBox2(0, "Incorrect text", "MsgBox Sample", 0);

        try
        {
            LibWrap::MsgBox3(0, "No such function", "MsgBox Sample", 0);
        }
        catch (EntryPointNotFoundException^)
        {
           Console::WriteLine("EntryPointNotFoundException thrown as expected!");
        }
    }
};

請參閱

概念

封送處理字串

平台叫用資料型別

字串的預設封送處理

在 Managed 程式碼中建立原型

其他資源

Specifying a Character Set