HOW TO：使用 LINQ to SQL 資料來源建立資料服務 (WCF Data Services)

發行項
02/28/2011

WCF Data Services 會將實體資料公開為資料服務。反映提供者可讓您根據傳回 IQueryable 實作之公開成員的任何類別，定義資料模型。若要可以更新資料來源的資料，這些類別也必須實作 IUpdatable 介面。如需詳細資訊，請參閱資料服務提供者 (WCF 資料服務)。本主題說明如何使用反映提供者，建立存取 Northwind 範例資料庫的 LINQ to SQL 類別以及如何根據這些資料類別，建立資料服務。

將 LINQ to SQL 類別加入至專案

在 Visual Basic 或 C# 應用程式的 [專案] 功能表上，按一下 [加入新項目]。
按一下 [LINQ to SQL 類別] 範本。
將名稱變更為 Northwind.dbml。
按一下 [新增]。

Northwind.dbml 檔案會加入至專案，且會開啟 [物件關聯式設計工具] (O/R 設計工具)。
在 [伺服器總管] (或 [資料庫總管]) 的 Northwind 下方，展開 [資料表]，將 Customers 資料表拖曳至 [物件關聯式設計工具] (O/R 設計工具)。

隨即建立 Customer 實體類別，並出現在設計介面上。
針對 Orders、Order_Details 和 Products 資料表，重複步驟 6。
以滑鼠右鍵按一下新 .dbml 檔案 (表示 LINQ to SQL 類別)，然後按一下 [檢視程式碼]。

這樣會建立名為 Northwind.cs 的新程式碼後置頁面，其中包含繼承自 DataContext 類別的部分類別定義，在此案例中是 NorthwindDataContext。

以下列程式碼取代 Northwind.cs 程式碼檔案的內容。此程式碼透過延伸 LINQ to SQL 產生的 DataContext 和資料類別，實作反映提供者：

Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Data.Linq
Imports System.Data.Linq.Mapping
Imports System.Data.Services
Imports System.Data.Services.Common

' Define the key properties for the LINQ to SQL data classes.
<DataServiceKeyAttribute("CustomerID")> _
Partial Public Class Customer
End Class
<DataServiceKeyAttribute("ProductID")> _
Partial Public Class Product
End Class
<DataServiceKeyAttribute("OrderID")> _
Partial Public Class Order
End Class
<DataServiceKeyAttribute("OrderID", "ProductID")> _
Partial Public Class Order_Detail
End Class
#Region "IUpdatable implementation"
' Define the IUpdatable implementation for LINQ to SQL.
Partial Public Class NorthwindDataContext
    Implements IUpdatable
    ' Creates an object in the container.
    Function CreateResource(ByVal containerName As String, ByVal fullTypeName As String) _
        As Object Implements IUpdatable.CreateResource

        Dim t = Type.GetType(fullTypeName, True)
        Dim table = GetTable(t)
        Dim resource = Activator.CreateInstance(t)
        table.InsertOnSubmit(resource)
        Return resource
    End Function
    ' Gets the object referenced by the resource.
    Function GetResource(ByVal query As IQueryable, ByVal fullTypeName As String) As Object _
     Implements IUpdatable.GetResource
        Dim resource = query.Cast(Of Object)().SingleOrDefault()

        ' fullTypeName can be null for deletes
        If fullTypeName IsNot Nothing AndAlso resource.GetType().FullName <> fullTypeName Then
            Throw New ApplicationException("Unexpected type for this resource.")
        End If
        Return resource
    End Function
    ' Resets the value of the object to its default value.
    Function ResetResource(ByVal resource As Object) As Object _
        Implements IUpdatable.ResetResource
        Dim t = resource.GetType()
        Dim table = Mapping.GetTable(t)
        Dim dummyResource = Activator.CreateInstance(t)
        For Each member In table.RowType.DataMembers

            If Not member.IsPrimaryKey AndAlso Not member.IsDeferred AndAlso _
                Not member.IsAssociation AndAlso Not member.IsDbGenerated Then
                Dim defaultValue = member.MemberAccessor.GetBoxedValue(dummyResource)
                member.MemberAccessor.SetBoxedValue(resource, defaultValue)
            End If
            Next
        Return resource
    End Function
    ' Sets the value of the given property on the object.
    Sub SetValue(ByVal targetResource As Object, ByVal propertyName As String, _
                 ByVal propertyValue As Object) Implements IUpdatable.SetValue
        Dim table = Mapping.GetTable(targetResource.GetType())
        Dim member = table.RowType.DataMembers.Single(Function(x) x.Name = propertyName)
        member.MemberAccessor.SetBoxedValue(targetResource, propertyValue)
    End Sub
    ' Gets the value of a property on an object.
    Function GetValue(ByVal targetResource As Object, ByVal propertyName As String) _
    As Object Implements IUpdatable.GetValue
        Dim table = Mapping.GetTable(targetResource.GetType())
        Dim member = _
        table.RowType.DataMembers.Single(Function(x) x.Name = propertyName)
        Return member.MemberAccessor.GetBoxedValue(targetResource)
    End Function
    ' Sets the related object for a reference.
    Sub SetReference(ByVal targetResource As Object, ByVal propertyName As String, _
                     ByVal propertyValue As Object) Implements IUpdatable.SetReference
        CType(Me, IUpdatable).SetValue(targetResource, propertyName, propertyValue)
    End Sub
' Adds the object to the related objects collection.
    Sub AddReferenceToCollection(ByVal targetResource As Object, ByVal propertyName As String, _
                                 ByVal resourceToBeAdded As Object) _
                                 Implements IUpdatable.AddReferenceToCollection
        Dim pi = targetResource.GetType().GetProperty(propertyName)
        If pi Is Nothing Then
            Throw New Exception("Can't find property")
        End If
        Dim collection = CType(pi.GetValue(targetResource, Nothing), IList)
        collection.Add(resourceToBeAdded)
    End Sub
    ' Removes the object from the related objects collection.
    Sub RemoveReferenceFromCollection(ByVal targetResource As Object, ByVal propertyName As String, _
                                      ByVal resourceToBeRemoved As Object) _
                                      Implements IUpdatable.RemoveReferenceFromCollection
        Dim pi = targetResource.GetType().GetProperty(propertyName)
        If pi Is Nothing Then
            Throw New Exception("Can't find property")
        End If
        Dim collection = CType(pi.GetValue(targetResource, Nothing), IList)
        collection.Remove(resourceToBeRemoved)
    End Sub
        ' Deletes the resource.
    Sub DeleteResource(ByVal targetResource As Object) _
    Implements IUpdatable.DeleteResource
        Dim table = GetTable(targetResource.GetType())
        table.DeleteOnSubmit(targetResource)
    End Sub
    ' Saves all the pending changes.
    Sub SaveChanges() Implements IUpdatable.SaveChanges
        SubmitChanges()
    End Sub
    ' Returns the actual instance of the resource represented 
    ' by the resource object.
    Function ResolveResource(ByVal resource As Object) As Object Implements IUpdatable.ResolveResource
        Return resource
    End Function
        ' Reverts all the pending changes.
    Sub ClearChanges() Implements IUpdatable.ClearChanges
        ' Raise an exception as there is no real way to do this with LINQ to SQL.
        ' Comment out the following line if you'd prefer a silent failure
        Throw New NotSupportedException()
    End Sub
End Class
#End Region

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Data.Linq;
using System.Data.Linq.Mapping;
using System.Data.Services;
using System.Data.Services.Common;

namespace NorthwindService
{
    // Define the key properties for the LINQ to SQL data classes.
    [DataServiceKeyAttribute("CustomerID")]
    public partial class Customer { }

    [DataServiceKeyAttribute("ProductID")]
    public partial class Product { }

    [DataServiceKeyAttribute("OrderID")]
    public partial class Order { }

    [DataServiceKeyAttribute("OrderID", "ProductID")]
    public partial class Order_Detail { }

    #region IUpdatable implementation
    // Define the IUpdatable implementation for LINQ to SQL.
    public partial class NorthwindDataContext : IUpdatable
    {
        // Creates an object in the container.
        object IUpdatable.CreateResource(string containerName, string fullTypeName)
        {
            Type t = Type.GetType(fullTypeName, true);
            ITable table = GetTable(t);
            object resource = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
            table.InsertOnSubmit(resource);
            return resource;
        }

        // Gets the object referenced by the resource.
        object IUpdatable.GetResource(IQueryable query, string fullTypeName)
        {
            object resource = query.Cast<object>().SingleOrDefault();

            // fullTypeName can be null for deletes
            if (fullTypeName != null && resource.GetType().FullName != fullTypeName)
                throw new ApplicationException("Unexpected type for this resource.");
            return resource;
        }


        // Resets the value of the object to its default value.
        object IUpdatable.ResetResource(object resource)
        {
            Type t = resource.GetType();
            MetaTable table = Mapping.GetTable(t);
            object dummyResource = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
            foreach (var member in table.RowType.DataMembers)
            {
                if (!member.IsPrimaryKey && !member.IsDeferred &&
                    !member.IsAssociation && !member.IsDbGenerated)
                {
                    object defaultValue = member.MemberAccessor.GetBoxedValue(dummyResource);
                    member.MemberAccessor.SetBoxedValue(ref resource, defaultValue);
                }
            }
            return resource;
        }

        // Sets the value of the given property on the object.
        void IUpdatable.SetValue(object targetResource, string propertyName, object propertyValue)
        {
            MetaTable table = Mapping.GetTable(targetResource.GetType());
            MetaDataMember member = table.RowType.DataMembers.Single(x => x.Name == propertyName);
            member.MemberAccessor.SetBoxedValue(ref targetResource, propertyValue);
        }

        // Gets the value of a property on an object.
        object IUpdatable.GetValue(object targetResource, string propertyName)
        {
            MetaTable table = Mapping.GetTable(targetResource.GetType());
            MetaDataMember member =
                table.RowType.DataMembers.Single(x => x.Name == propertyName);
            return member.MemberAccessor.GetBoxedValue(targetResource);
        }

        // Sets the related object for a reference.
        void IUpdatable.SetReference(
            object targetResource, string propertyName, object propertyValue)
        {
            ((IUpdatable)this).SetValue(targetResource, propertyName, propertyValue);
        }

        // Adds the object to the related objects collection.
        void IUpdatable.AddReferenceToCollection(
            object targetResource, string propertyName, object resourceToBeAdded)
        {
            PropertyInfo pi = targetResource.GetType().GetProperty(propertyName);
            if (pi == null)
                throw new Exception("Can't find property");
            IList collection = (IList)pi.GetValue(targetResource, null);
            collection.Add(resourceToBeAdded);
        }

        // Removes the object from the related objects collection.
        void IUpdatable.RemoveReferenceFromCollection(
            object targetResource, string propertyName, object resourceToBeRemoved)
        {
            PropertyInfo pi = targetResource.GetType().GetProperty(propertyName);
            if (pi == null)
                throw new Exception("Can't find property");
            IList collection = (IList)pi.GetValue(targetResource, null);
            collection.Remove(resourceToBeRemoved);
        }

        // Deletes the resource.
        void IUpdatable.DeleteResource(object targetResource)
        {
            ITable table = GetTable(targetResource.GetType());
            table.DeleteOnSubmit(targetResource);
        }

        // Saves all the pending changes.
        void IUpdatable.SaveChanges()
        {
            SubmitChanges();
        }

        // Returns the actual instance of the resource represented 
        // by the resource object.
        object IUpdatable.ResolveResource(object resource)
        {
            return resource;
        }

        // Reverts all the pending changes.
        void IUpdatable.ClearChanges()
        {
            // Raise an exception as there is no real way to do this with LINQ to SQL.
            // Comment out the following line if you'd prefer a silent failure
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
    #endregion
    }
}

使用 LINQ to SQL 架構資料模組建立資料服務

在 [方案總管] 中，以滑鼠右鍵按一下 ASP.NET 專案名稱，然後按一下 [加入新項目]。
在 [加入新項目] 對話方塊中，選取 [WCF Data Service]。
提供服務的名稱，然後按一下 [確定]。

Visual Studio 會針對新的服務建立 XML 標記和程式碼檔案。根據預設，程式碼編輯器視窗隨即開啟。
在資料服務的程式碼裡，於定義資料服務和型別的類別定義中，取代註解 /* TODO: put your data source class name here */，該型別是資料模型的實體容器，在這個案例中是 NorthwindDataContext。

在資料服務的程式碼中，以下列程式碼取代 InitializeService 函式中的預留位置程式碼：

config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Customers", EntitySetRights.ReadMultiple)
config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Orders", EntitySetRights.AllRead _
                            Or EntitySetRights.WriteMerge)
config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Order_Details", EntitySetRights.AllRead _
                            Or EntitySetRights.AllWrite)
config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Products", EntitySetRights.ReadMultiple)

config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Customers", EntitySetRights.ReadMultiple);
config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Orders", EntitySetRights.AllRead  
                            | EntitySetRights.WriteMerge);
config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Order_Details", EntitySetRights.AllRead                             
                            | EntitySetRights.AllWrite);
config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("Products", EntitySetRights.ReadMultiple);

如此可讓已授權用戶端存取三個指定實體集的資源。

若要使用 Web 瀏覽器測試 Northwind.svc 資料服務，請依照從 Web 瀏覽器存取服務 (WCF Data Services 快速入門) 主題的指示進行操作。

另請參閱

工作

HOW TO：使用 ADO.NET Entity Framework 資料來源建立資料服務 (WCF Data Services)
HOW TO：使用反映提供者建立資料服務 (WCF Data Services)

概念

資料服務提供者 (WCF 資料服務)

共用方式為

HOW TO：使用 LINQ to SQL 資料來源建立資料服務 (WCF Data Services)

將 LINQ to SQL 類別加入至專案

使用 LINQ to SQL 架構資料模組建立資料服務

另請參閱

工作

概念

其他資源