HOW TO：指定資料服務要求的用戶端認證 (WCF Data Services)
預設情況下，將要求傳送至 OData 服務時，用戶端程式庫不提供認證。不過，您可以透過為 DataServiceContext 的 Credentials 屬性提供 NetworkCredential，藉以指定要傳送的認證來驗證要求。如需詳細資訊，請參閱保護 WCF Data Services 的安全。本主題中的範例會示範如何在從資料服務要求資料時，明確地提供 WCF Data Services 用戶端所使用的認證。
本主題中的範例使用 Northwind 範例資料服務和自動產生的用戶端資料服務類別。此服務和用戶端資料類別會在您完成 WCF Data Services 快速入門時建立。您也可以使用在 OData 網站上發佈的 Northwind 範例資料服務；此範例資料服務是唯讀的，因此嘗試儲存變更時，會傳回錯誤。OData 網站上的範例資料服務允許匿名驗證。
範例
下列範例取自用於 Windows Presentation Framework 應用程式主頁面之可延伸應用程式標記語言 (XAML) 檔案的程式碼後置頁面。此範例會顯示 LoginWindow 執行個體，以便向使用者收集驗證認證，然後在要求資料服務時使用這些認證。
Imports NorthwindClient.Northwind
Imports System.Data.Services.Client
Imports System.Windows.Data
Imports System.Net
Imports System.Windows
Imports System.Security
Partial Public Class ClientCredentials
Inherits Window
' Create the binding collections and the data service context.
Private binding As DataServiceCollection(Of Customer)
Private context As NorthwindEntities
Private customerAddressViewSource As CollectionViewSource
' Instantiate the service URI and credentials.
Dim serviceUri As Uri = New Uri("https://localhost:54321/Northwind.svc/")
Private credentials As NetworkCredential = New NetworkCredential()
Public Sub Main()
InitializeComponent()
End Sub
Private Sub ClientCredentials_Loaded(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs)
Dim userName = String.Empty
Dim domain = String.Empty
Dim password = New SecureString()
' Get credentials for authentication.
Dim login As New LoginWindow()
login.ShowDialog()
If login.DialogResult = True _
AndAlso Not login.userNameBox.Text Is String.Empty _
AndAlso login.passwordBox.SecurePassword.Length <> 0 Then
' Instantiate the context.
context = New NorthwindEntities(serviceUri)
' Get the user name and domain from the login.
Dim qualifiedUserName As String() = login.userNameBox.Text.Split(New [Char]() {"\"c})
If qualifiedUserName.Length = 2 Then
domain = qualifiedUserName(0)
userName = qualifiedUserName(1)
Else
userName = login.userNameBox.Text
End If
password = login.passwordBox.SecurePassword
' Set the client authentication credentials.
context.Credentials = _
New NetworkCredential(userName, password, domain)
' Define an anonymous LINQ query that returns a collection of Customer types.
Dim query = From c In context.Customers
Where c.Country = "Germany"
Select c
Try
' Instantiate the binding collection, which executes the query.
binding = New DataServiceCollection(Of Customer)(query)
' Load result pages into the binding collection.
While Not binding.Continuation Is Nothing
' Continue to execute the query until all pages are loaded.
binding.Load(context.Execute(Of Customer)(binding.Continuation.NextLinkUri))
End While
' Assign the binding collection to the CollectionViewSource.
customerAddressViewSource = _
CType(Me.Resources("customerViewSource"), CollectionViewSource)
customerAddressViewSource.Source = binding
Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
End Try
ElseIf login.DialogResult = False Then
MessageBox.Show("Login cancelled.")
End If
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Security;
using NorthwindClient.Northwind;
using System.Data.Services.Client;
namespace NorthwindClient
{
public partial class ClientCredentials : Window
{
// Create the binding collections and the data service context.
private DataServiceCollection<Customer> binding;
NorthwindEntities context;
CollectionViewSource customerAddressViewSource;
// Instantiate the service URI and credentials.
Uri serviceUri = new Uri("https://localhost:12345/Northwind.svc/");
NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential();
public ClientCredentials()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void ClientCredentials_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
string userName = string.Empty;
string domain = string.Empty;
SecureString password = new SecureString();
// Get credentials for authentication.
LoginWindow login = new LoginWindow();
login.ShowDialog();
if (login.DialogResult == true
&& login.userNameBox.Text != string.Empty
&& login.passwordBox.SecurePassword.Length != 0)
{
// Instantiate the context.
context =
new NorthwindEntities(serviceUri);
// Get the user name and domain from the login.
string[] qualifiedUserName = login.userNameBox.Text.Split(new char[] { '\\' });
if (qualifiedUserName.Length == 2)
{
domain = qualifiedUserName[0];
userName = qualifiedUserName[1];
}
else
{
userName = login.userNameBox.Text;
}
password = login.passwordBox.SecurePassword;
// Set the client authentication credentials.
context.Credentials =
new NetworkCredential(userName, password, domain);
// Define an anonymous LINQ query that returns a collection of Customer types.
var query = from c in context.Customers
where c.Country == "Germany"
select c;
try
{
// Instantiate the binding collection, which executes the query.
binding = new DataServiceCollection<Customer>(query);
while (binding.Continuation != null)
{
// Continue to execute the query until all pages are loaded.
binding.Load(context.Execute<Customer>(binding.Continuation.NextLinkUri));
}
// Assign the binding collection to the CollectionViewSource.
customerAddressViewSource =
(CollectionViewSource)this.Resources["customerViewSource"];
customerAddressViewSource.Source = binding;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
else if (login.DialogResult == false)
{
MessageBox.Show("Login cancelled.");
}
}
}
}
下列 XAML 定義 WPF 應用程式的主頁面。
<Window x:Class="ClientCredentials"
xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="https://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="312" d:DesignWidth="577"
Loaded="ClientCredentials_Loaded">
<Window.Resources>
<CollectionViewSource x:Key="customerViewSource" />
</Window.Resources>
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White" DataContext="" Height="312" Width="577"
VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="203*" />
<RowDefinition Height="119*" />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="336*" />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<DataGrid AutoGenerateColumns="False" Height="213" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource customerViewSource}}"
Name="customerDataGrid" RowDetailsVisibilityMode="VisibleWhenSelected"
VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="553" Margin="12,44,0,0"
Grid.RowSpan="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="1">
<DataGrid.Columns>
<DataGridTextColumn x:Name="customerIDColumn" Binding="{Binding Path=CustomerID}"
Header="Customer" Width="80" />
<DataGridTextColumn x:Name="addressColumn" Binding="{Binding Path=Address}"
Header="Address" Width="180" />
<DataGridTextColumn x:Name="cityColumn" Binding="{Binding Path=City}"
Header="City" Width="120" />
<DataGridTextColumn x:Name="countryColumn" Binding="{Binding Path=Country}"
Header="Country" Width="80" />
<DataGridTextColumn x:Name="postalCodeColumn" Binding="{Binding Path=PostalCode}"
Header="Postal Code" Width="90" />
<DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Path=CompanyName}" Header="CompanyName" />
<DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Path=ContactName}" Header="ContactName" />
<DataGridTextColumn Binding="{Binding Path=Phone}" Header="Phone" />
</DataGrid.Columns>
</DataGrid>
<Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Height="26" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="16,12,0,0"
Name="serviceUriLabel" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="550" />
</Grid>
</Window>
下列範例取自視窗的程式碼後置頁面，在要求資料服務前，此視窗用來收集使用者的驗證認證。
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Windows
Imports System.Security
Partial Public Class LoginWindow
Inherits Window
Public Sub New()
InitializeComponent()
End Sub
Private Sub OKButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs) Handles OKButton.Click
Me.DialogResult = True
e.Handled = True
End Sub
Private Sub CancelButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs) Handles CancelButton.Click
Me.DialogResult = False
e.Handled = True
End Sub
Private Sub LoginWindow_Closing(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As CancelEventArgs)
If Me.DialogResult = True AndAlso _
(Me.userNameBox.Text = String.Empty OrElse Me.passwordBox.SecurePassword.Length = 0) Then
e.Cancel = True
MessageBox.Show("Please enter name and password or click Cancel.")
End If
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.ComponentModel;
namespace NorthwindClient
{
public partial class LoginWindow : Window
{
public LoginWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void OKButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
this.DialogResult = true;
e.Handled = true;
}
private void CancelButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
this.DialogResult = false;
e.Handled = true;
}
private void LoginWindow_Closing(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
{
if (this.DialogResult == true &&
(this.userNameBox.Text == string.Empty || this.passwordBox.SecurePassword.Length == 0))
{
e.Cancel = true;
MessageBox.Show("Please enter name and password or click Cancel.");
}
}
}
}
下列 XAML 定義 WPF 應用程式的登入。
<Window x:Class="LoginWindow"
xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Width="400" Height="200"
Title="LoginWindow" xmlns:sdk="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation/sdk" Closing="LoginWindow_Closing">
<StackPanel Name="LayoutRoot" Orientation="Vertical" VerticalAlignment="Top">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<TextBlock Height="25" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,20,0,0" Name="userNameLabel" VerticalAlignment="Top"
Width="80" Text="User name:"/>
<TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,20,0,0" Name="userNameBox" VerticalAlignment="Top"
Width="150" Text="DOMAIN\login"/>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Top">
<TextBlock Height="25" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,20,0,0" Name="pwdLabel" Width="80" Text="Password:"/>
<PasswordBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,20,0,0" Name="passwordBox" Width="150" />
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="80" VerticalAlignment="Top">
<Button x:Name="CancelButton" Content="Cancel" Click="CancelButton_Click" Width="75" Height="23"
HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="8" IsCancel="True" />
<Button x:Name="OKButton" Content="OK" Click="OKButton_Click" Width="75" Height="23"
HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="8" IsDefault="True" />
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
安全性
下列安全性考量適用於本主題中的範例：
若要驗證此範例中提供的認證有效，Northwind 資料服務必須使用匿名存取以外的驗證配置。否則，主控資料服務的網站將不會要求認證。
只有在執行期間才會要求使用者認證，而且應該不會快取。認證永遠必須以安全的方式儲存。
使用基本與摘要式驗證傳送的資料不會經過加密，因此敵人可以看到資料。此外，基本驗證認證 (使用者名稱和密碼) 會以純文字傳送，而且可以被攔截。
如需詳細資訊，請參閱保護 WCF Data Services 的安全。