HOW TO:啟用命令
下列範例示範如何在 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 中使用命令。 範例顯示如何建立 RoutedCommand 和 Button 的關聯、建立 CommandBinding,以及建立實作 RoutedCommand 的事件處理常式。 如需使用命令的詳細資訊,請參閱命令概觀。
範例
程式碼的第一個區段會建立由 Button 和 StackPanel 組成的user interface (UI),並建立會將命令處理常式與 RoutedCommand 相關聯的 CommandBinding。
Button 的 Command 屬性與 Close 命令相關聯。
CommandBinding 是加入到根 Window 的 CommandBindingCollection。 Executed 和 CanExecute 事件處理常式會附加到這個繫結,並與 Close 命令相關聯。
沒有 CommandBinding,就沒有命令邏輯,只有用於叫用命令的機制。 當按一下 Button 時,會在命令目標上隨著 Executed RoutedEvent 後引發 PreviewExecuted RoutedEvent。 這些事件會在項目樹狀結構中周遊,以查看該特定命令的 CommandBinding。 值得注意的是,因為 RoutedEvent 會在項目樹狀結構中進行通道和反昇,必須在放置 CommandBinding 的地方特別留意。 如果 CommandBinding 位於命令目標的同層級 (Sibling) 中,或是位於不在 RoutedEvent 的路由的其他節點中,就不會存取 CommandBinding。
<Window x:Class="WCSamples.Window1"
xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="CloseCommand"
Name="RootWindow"
>
<Window.CommandBindings>
<CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Close"
Executed="CloseCommandHandler"
CanExecute="CanExecuteHandler"
/>
</Window.CommandBindings>
<StackPanel Name="MainStackPanel">
<Button Command="ApplicationCommands.Close"
Content="Close File" />
</StackPanel>
</Window>
' Create ui elements.
Dim CloseCmdStackPanel As New StackPanel()
Dim CloseCmdButton As New Button()
CloseCmdStackPanel.Children.Add(CloseCmdButton)
' Set Button's properties.
CloseCmdButton.Content = "Close File"
CloseCmdButton.Command = ApplicationCommands.Close
' Create the CommandBinding.
Dim CloseCommandBinding As New CommandBinding(ApplicationCommands.Close, AddressOf CloseCommandHandler, AddressOf CanExecuteHandler)
' Add the CommandBinding to the root Window.
RootWindow.CommandBindings.Add(CloseCommandBinding)
// Create ui elements.
StackPanel CloseCmdStackPanel = new StackPanel();
Button CloseCmdButton = new Button();
CloseCmdStackPanel.Children.Add(CloseCmdButton);
// Set Button's properties.
CloseCmdButton.Content = "Close File";
CloseCmdButton.Command = ApplicationCommands.Close;
// Create the CommandBinding.
CommandBinding CloseCommandBinding = new CommandBinding(
ApplicationCommands.Close, CloseCommandHandler, CanExecuteHandler);
// Add the CommandBinding to the root Window.
RootWindow.CommandBindings.Add(CloseCommandBinding);
下一個程式碼區段會實作 Executed 和 CanExecute 事件處理常式。
Executed 處理常式會呼叫方法關閉開啟的檔案。 CanExecute 處理常式會呼叫方法判斷檔案是否開啟。 如果檔案是開啟的,CanExecute 會設定為 true,否則就設定為 false。
' Executed event handler.
Private Sub CloseCommandHandler(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ExecutedRoutedEventArgs)
' Calls a method to close the file and release resources.
CloseFile()
End Sub
' CanExecute event handler.
Private Sub CanExecuteHandler(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs)
' Call a method to determine if there is a file open.
' If there is a file open, then set CanExecute to true.
If IsFileOpened() Then
e.CanExecute = True
' if there is not a file open, then set CanExecute to false.
Else
e.CanExecute = False
End If
End Sub
// Executed event handler.
private void CloseCommandHandler(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)
{
// Calls a method to close the file and release resources.
CloseFile();
}
// CanExecute event handler.
private void CanExecuteHandler(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e)
{
// Call a method to determine if there is a file open.
// If there is a file open, then set CanExecute to true.
if (IsFileOpened())
{
e.CanExecute = true;
}
// if there is not a file open, then set CanExecute to false.
else
{
e.CanExecute = false;
}
}