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逐步解說:建立影像處理網路

本文件示範如何建立可執行影像處理的非同步訊息區塊網路。

此網路決定根據影像特性,要在影像上執行哪些作業。 這個範例使用「資料流程」(Dataflow) 模型,透過網路來路由傳送影像。 在資料流程模型中,程式的獨立元件可藉由訊息傳送相互通訊。 當元件收到訊息時,它可以執行某項動作,然後將動作結果傳遞給另一個元件。 相較之下,「控制流程」(Control Flow) 模型中,應用程式使用控制結構,例如條件陳述式、迴圈等,來控制程式中的作業順序。

以資料流程為基礎的網路會建立工作「管線」(Pipeline)。 管線的每個階段都會並行執行整體工作的一部分。 以汽車製造的裝配線做比喻。 當每輛汽車通過裝配線時,某一站會組裝車架,另一站會安裝引擎,以此類推。 藉由同時組裝多輛汽車,裝配線比每次組裝一輛完整汽車提供更好的生產量。

必要條件

在您開始閱讀此逐步解說前,請先參閱下列文件:

我們也建議您在開始這個逐步解說之前,先了解 GDI+ 的基本概念。 如需 GDI+ 的詳細資訊,請參閱 GDI+

章節

此逐步解說包含下列章節:

  • 定義影像處理功能

  • 建立影像處理網路

  • 完整的範例

定義影像處理功能

本節說明影像處理網路用來處理從磁碟讀取之影像的支援函式。

下列函式 GetRGBMakeColor 分別會擷取及結合給定色彩的個別元件。

// Retrieves the red, green, and blue components from the given
// color value.
void GetRGB(DWORD color, BYTE& r, BYTE& g, BYTE& b)
{
   r = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
   g = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
   b = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x000000ff));
}

// Creates a single color value from the provided red, green, 
// and blue components.
DWORD MakeColor(BYTE r, BYTE g, BYTE b)
{
   return (r<<16) | (g<<8) | (b);
}

下列函式 ProcessImage 會呼叫給定的 std::function 物件,以轉換 GDI+ Bitmap 物件中每個像素的色彩值。 ProcessImage函式使用 concurrency::parallel_for 演算法來處理以平行方式點陣圖的每個資料列。

// Calls the provided function for each pixel in a Bitmap object.
void ProcessImage(Bitmap* bmp, const function<void (DWORD&)>& f)
{
   int width = bmp->GetWidth();
   int height = bmp->GetHeight();

   // Lock the bitmap.
   BitmapData bitmapData;
   Rect rect(0, 0, bmp->GetWidth(), bmp->GetHeight());
   bmp->LockBits(&rect, ImageLockModeWrite, PixelFormat32bppRGB, &bitmapData);

   // Get a pointer to the bitmap data.
   DWORD* image_bits = (DWORD*)bitmapData.Scan0;

   // Call the function for each pixel in the image.
   parallel_for (0, height, [&, width](int y)
   {      
      for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
      {
         // Get the current pixel value.
         DWORD* curr_pixel = image_bits + (y * width) + x;

         // Call the function.
         f(*curr_pixel);
      }
   });

   // Unlock the bitmap.
   bmp->UnlockBits(&bitmapData);
}

下列函式 GrayscaleSepiatoneColorMaskDarken 會呼叫 ProcessImage 函式,以轉換 Bitmap 物件中每個像素的色彩值。 每個這些函式都會使用 Lambda 運算式,以定義一個像素的色彩轉換。

// Converts the given image to grayscale.
Bitmap* Grayscale(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);

         // Set each color component to the average of 
         // the original components.
         BYTE c = (static_cast<WORD>(r) + g + b) / 3;
         color = MakeColor(c, c, c);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies sepia toning to the provided image.
Bitmap* Sepiatone(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r0, g0, b0;
         GetRGB(color, r0, g0, b0);

         WORD r1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .393) + (g0 *.769) + (b0 * .189));
         WORD g1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .349) + (g0 *.686) + (b0 * .168));
         WORD b1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .272) + (g0 *.534) + (b0 * .131));

         color = MakeColor(min(0xff, r1), min(0xff, g1), min(0xff, b1));
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies the given color mask to each pixel in the provided image.
Bitmap* ColorMask(Bitmap* bmp, DWORD mask)
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [mask](DWORD& color) {
         color = color & mask;
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Darkens the provided image by the given amount.
Bitmap* Darken(Bitmap* bmp, unsigned int percent)
{
   if (percent > 100)
      throw invalid_argument("Darken: percent must less than 100.");

   double factor = percent / 100.0;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [factor](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         r = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*r);
         g = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*g);
         b = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*b);
         color = MakeColor(r, g, b);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

下列函式 GetColorDominance 也會呼叫 ProcessImage 函式。 不過,而非變更每一種色彩的值,這個函式使用 concurrency::combinable 來計算的紅色、 綠色或藍色色彩元件是否會支配影像的物件。

// Determines which color component (red, green, or blue) is most dominant
// in the given image and returns a corresponding color mask.
DWORD GetColorDominance(Bitmap* bmp)
{
   // The ProcessImage function processes the image in parallel.
   // The following combinable objects enable the callback function
   // to increment the color counts without using a lock.
   combinable<unsigned int> reds;
   combinable<unsigned int> greens;
   combinable<unsigned int> blues;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [&](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         if (r >= g && r >= b)
            reds.local()++;
         else if (g >= r && g >= b)
            greens.local()++;
         else
            blues.local()++;
      }
   );

   // Determine which color is dominant and return the corresponding
   // color mask.

   unsigned int r = reds.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int g = greens.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int b = blues.combine(plus<unsigned int>());

   if (r + r >= g + b)
      return 0x00ff0000;
   else if (g + g >= r + b)
      return 0x0000ff00;
   else
      return 0x000000ff;
}

下列函式 GetEncoderClsid 會擷取給定 MIME 編碼器類型的類別識別碼。 應用程式使用此函式以擷取點陣圖的編碼器。

// Retrieves the class identifier for the given MIME type of an encoder.
int GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
   UINT  num = 0;          // number of image encoders
   UINT  size = 0;         // size of the image encoder array in bytes

   ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = nullptr;

   GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
   if(size == 0)
      return -1;  // Failure

   pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
   if(pImageCodecInfo == nullptr)
      return -1;  // Failure

   GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);

   for(UINT j = 0; j < num; ++j)
   {
      if( wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType, format) == 0 )
      {
         *pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[j].Clsid;
         free(pImageCodecInfo);
         return j;  // Success
      }    
   }

   free(pImageCodecInfo);
   return -1;  // Failure
}

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建立影像處理網路

本節說明如何建立非同步訊息區塊網路,在給定目錄的每個 JPEG (.jpg) 影像上執行影像處理。 此網路會執行下列影像處理作業:

  1. 對於 Tom 撰寫的任何影像,轉換成灰階。

  2. 對於以紅色為主色的任何影像,移除綠色和藍色元件,然後暗化影像。

  3. 對於任何其他影像,套用復古色調。

網路只套用符合其中一個條件的第一個影像處理作業。 例如,如果影像是由 Tom 撰寫而且以紅色為其主色,此影像只會轉換成灰階。

在網路執行每個影像處理作業之後,它會在磁碟上將影像另存為點陣圖檔 (.bmp)。

下列步驟說明如何建立可實作此影像處理網路,並將該網路套用至給定目錄中每個 JPEG 影像的函式。

若要建立影像處理網路

  1. 建立可接受磁碟上目錄名稱的 ProcessImages 函式。

    void ProcessImages(const wstring& directory)
    {
    }
    
  2. ProcessImages 函式中,建立 countdown_event 變數。 本逐步解說稍後會說明 countdown_event 類別。

    // Holds the number of active image processing operations and 
    // signals to the main thread that processing is complete.
    countdown_event active(0);
    
  3. 建立 std::map 物件,它會將 Bitmap 物件與其原始檔案名稱產生關聯。

    // Maps Bitmap objects to their original file names.
    map<Bitmap*, wstring> bitmap_file_names;
    
  4. 加入下列程式碼以定義影像處理網路的成員。

    //
    // Create the nodes of the network.
    //
    
    // Loads Bitmap objects from disk.
    transformer<wstring, Bitmap*> load_bitmap(
       [&](wstring file_name) -> Bitmap* {
          Bitmap* bmp = new Bitmap(file_name.c_str());
          if (bmp != nullptr)
             bitmap_file_names.insert(make_pair(bmp, file_name));
          return bmp;
       }
    );
    
    // Holds loaded Bitmap objects.
    unbounded_buffer<Bitmap*> loaded_bitmaps;
    
    // Converts images that are authored by Tom to grayscale.
    transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> grayscale(
       [](Bitmap* bmp) {
          return Grayscale(bmp);
       },
       nullptr,
       [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool {
          if (bmp == nullptr)
             return false;
    
          // Retrieve the artist name from metadata.
          UINT size = bmp->GetPropertyItemSize(PropertyTagArtist);
          if (size == 0)
             // Image does not have the Artist property.
             return false;
    
          PropertyItem* artistProperty = (PropertyItem*) malloc(size);
          bmp->GetPropertyItem(PropertyTagArtist, size, artistProperty);
          string artist(reinterpret_cast<char*>(artistProperty->value));
          free(artistProperty);
    
          return (artist.find("Tom ") == 0);
       }
    );
    
    // Removes the green and blue color components from images that have red as
    // their dominant color.
    transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> colormask(
       [](Bitmap* bmp) {
          return ColorMask(bmp, 0x00ff0000);
       },
       nullptr,
       [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { 
          if (bmp == nullptr)
             return false;
          return (GetColorDominance(bmp) == 0x00ff0000);
       }
    );
    
    // Darkens the color of the provided Bitmap object.
    transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> darken([](Bitmap* bmp) {
       return Darken(bmp, 50);
    });
    
    // Applies sepia toning to the remaining images.
    transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> sepiatone(
       [](Bitmap* bmp) {
          return Sepiatone(bmp);
       },
       nullptr,
       [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { return bmp != nullptr; }
    );
    
    // Saves Bitmap objects to disk.
    transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> save_bitmap([&](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {
       // Replace the file extension with .bmp.
       wstring file_name = bitmap_file_names[bmp];
       file_name.replace(file_name.rfind(L'.') + 1, 3, L"bmp");
    
       // Save the processed image.
       CLSID bmpClsid;
       GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &bmpClsid);      
       bmp->Save(file_name.c_str(), &bmpClsid);
    
       return bmp;
    });
    
    // Deletes Bitmap objects.
    transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> delete_bitmap([](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {      
       delete bmp;
       return nullptr;
    });
    
    // Decrements the event counter.
    call<Bitmap*> decrement([&](Bitmap* _) {      
       active.signal();
    });
    
  5. 加入下列程式碼以連接網路。

    //
    // Connect the network.
    //   
    
    load_bitmap.link_target(&loaded_bitmaps);
    
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&grayscale);
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&colormask);   
    colormask.link_target(&darken);
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&sepiatone);
    loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&decrement);
    
    grayscale.link_target(&save_bitmap);
    darken.link_target(&save_bitmap);
    sepiatone.link_target(&save_bitmap);
    
    save_bitmap.link_target(&delete_bitmap);
    delete_bitmap.link_target(&decrement);
    
  6. 加入下列程式碼,將目錄中每個 JPEG 檔案的完整路徑傳送至網路前端。

    // Traverse all files in the directory.
    wstring searchPattern = directory;
    searchPattern.append(L"\\*");
    
    WIN32_FIND_DATA fileFindData;
    HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(searchPattern.c_str(), &fileFindData);
    if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
       return;
    do
    {
       if (!(fileFindData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
       {
          wstring file = fileFindData.cFileName;
    
          // Process only JPEG files.
          if (file.rfind(L".jpg") == file.length() - 4)
          {
             // Form the full path to the file.
             wstring full_path(directory);
             full_path.append(L"\\");
             full_path.append(file);
    
             // Increment the count of work items.
             active.add_count();
    
             // Send the path name to the network.
             send(load_bitmap, full_path);
          }
       }
    }
    while (FindNextFile(hFind, &fileFindData) != 0); 
    FindClose(hFind);
    
  7. 等候 countdown_event 變數達到零。

    // Wait for all operations to finish.
    active.wait();
    

下表說明網路成員。

成員

描述

load_bitmap

A concurrency::transformer 物件載入Bitmap從磁碟的物件,並將項目以map與原來的檔案名稱產生關聯之影像的物件。

loaded_bitmaps

A concurrency::unbounded_buffer 將載入的影像傳送到映像處理篩選條件的物件。

grayscale

transformer 物件,會將 Tom 撰寫的影像轉換成灰階。 它使用影像的中繼資料,以判斷其作者。

colormask

transformer 物件,會從以紅色為主色的影像中移除綠色和藍色元件。

darken

transformer 物件,會暗化以紅色為主色的影像。

sepiatone

transformer 物件,會將復古色調套用至不是由 Tom 撰寫也不是以紅色為主色的影像。

save_bitmap

transformer 物件,會在磁碟上將處理過的 image 另存為點陣圖。 save_bitmap 會從 map 物件擷取原始檔案名稱,並將其副檔名變更為 .bmp。

delete_bitmap

transformer 物件,會釋放影像的記憶體。

decrement

A concurrency::call 物件,做為網路中的 [終端機] 節點。 它會遞減 countdown_event 物件,對主應用程式表示已處理影像。

loaded_bitmaps 訊息緩衝區很重要,因為做為 unbounded_buffer 物件,它會將 Bitmap 物件提供給多個接收者。 當目標區塊接受 Bitmap 物件時,unbounded_buffer 物件不會將該 Bitmap 物件提供給任何其他目標。 因此,您將物件連結至 unbounded_buffer 物件的順序很重要。 每個 grayscalecolormasksepiatone 訊息區塊都會使用篩選條件,只接受特定的 Bitmap 物件。 decrement 訊息緩衝區是 loaded_bitmaps 訊息緩衝區的重要目標,因為它接受被其他訊息緩衝區拒絕的所有 Bitmap 物件。 需要有 unbounded_buffer 物件依序傳播訊息。 因此,unbounded_buffer 物件會封鎖直到新目標區塊連結至它本身,而且如果目前沒有接受訊息的目標區塊則會接受該訊息。

如果您的應用程式需要多個訊息區塊處理訊息,而不是只有第一個接受訊息的一個訊息區塊,則可以使用另一個訊息區塊類型,例如 overwrite_bufferoverwrite_buffer 類別每次保存一則訊息,但會將該訊息傳播至其每一個目標。

下圖顯示影像處理網路:

影像處理網路

這個範例中的 countdown_event 物件可讓影像處理網路在已處理所有影像時通知主應用程式。 countdown_event類別使用 concurrency::event 發出信號時計數器值到達零的物件。 每次主應用程式將檔案名稱傳送至網路時,它會遞增計數器。 已處理每個影像之後,網路的終端節點會遞減計數器。 在主應用程式周遊指定的目錄之後,它會等候 countdown_event 物件表示其計數器已達到零。

下列範例會示範 countdown_event 類別:

// A synchronization primitive that is signaled when its 
// count reaches zero.
class countdown_event
{
public:
   countdown_event(unsigned int count = 0)
      : _current(static_cast<long>(count)) 
   {
      // Set the event if the initial count is zero.
      if (_current == 0L)
         _event.set();
   }

   // Decrements the event counter.
   void signal() {
      if(InterlockedDecrement(&_current) == 0L) {
         _event.set();
      }
   }

   // Increments the event counter.
   void add_count() {
      if(InterlockedIncrement(&_current) == 1L) {
         _event.reset();
      }
   }

   // Blocks the current context until the event is set.
   void wait() {
      _event.wait();
   }

private:
   // The current count.
   volatile long _current;
   // The event that is set when the counter reaches zero.
   event _event;

   // Disable copy constructor.
   countdown_event(const countdown_event&);
   // Disable assignment.
   countdown_event const & operator=(countdown_event const&);
};

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完整的範例

下列程式碼顯示完整範例。 wmain 函式管理 GDI+ 程式庫並呼叫 ProcessImages 函式,以處理 Sample Pictures 目錄中的 JPEG 檔案。

// image-processing-network.cpp
// compile with: /DUNICODE /EHsc image-processing-network.cpp /link gdiplus.lib
#include <windows.h>
#include <gdiplus.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <agents.h>
#include <ppl.h>

using namespace concurrency;
using namespace Gdiplus;
using namespace std;

// Retrieves the red, green, and blue components from the given
// color value.
void GetRGB(DWORD color, BYTE& r, BYTE& g, BYTE& b)
{
   r = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
   g = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
   b = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x000000ff));
}

// Creates a single color value from the provided red, green, 
// and blue components.
DWORD MakeColor(BYTE r, BYTE g, BYTE b)
{
   return (r<<16) | (g<<8) | (b);
}

// Calls the provided function for each pixel in a Bitmap object.
void ProcessImage(Bitmap* bmp, const function<void (DWORD&)>& f)
{
   int width = bmp->GetWidth();
   int height = bmp->GetHeight();

   // Lock the bitmap.
   BitmapData bitmapData;
   Rect rect(0, 0, bmp->GetWidth(), bmp->GetHeight());
   bmp->LockBits(&rect, ImageLockModeWrite, PixelFormat32bppRGB, &bitmapData);

   // Get a pointer to the bitmap data.
   DWORD* image_bits = (DWORD*)bitmapData.Scan0;

   // Call the function for each pixel in the image.
   parallel_for (0, height, [&, width](int y)
   {      
      for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
      {
         // Get the current pixel value.
         DWORD* curr_pixel = image_bits + (y * width) + x;

         // Call the function.
         f(*curr_pixel);
      }
   });

   // Unlock the bitmap.
   bmp->UnlockBits(&bitmapData);
}

// Converts the given image to grayscale.
Bitmap* Grayscale(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);

         // Set each color component to the average of 
         // the original components.
         BYTE c = (static_cast<WORD>(r) + g + b) / 3;
         color = MakeColor(c, c, c);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies sepia toning to the provided image.
Bitmap* Sepiatone(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r0, g0, b0;
         GetRGB(color, r0, g0, b0);

         WORD r1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .393) + (g0 *.769) + (b0 * .189));
         WORD g1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .349) + (g0 *.686) + (b0 * .168));
         WORD b1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .272) + (g0 *.534) + (b0 * .131));

         color = MakeColor(min(0xff, r1), min(0xff, g1), min(0xff, b1));
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies the given color mask to each pixel in the provided image.
Bitmap* ColorMask(Bitmap* bmp, DWORD mask)
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [mask](DWORD& color) {
         color = color & mask;
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Darkens the provided image by the given amount.
Bitmap* Darken(Bitmap* bmp, unsigned int percent)
{
   if (percent > 100)
      throw invalid_argument("Darken: percent must less than 100.");

   double factor = percent / 100.0;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [factor](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         r = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*r);
         g = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*g);
         b = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*b);
         color = MakeColor(r, g, b);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Determines which color component (red, green, or blue) is most dominant
// in the given image and returns a corresponding color mask.
DWORD GetColorDominance(Bitmap* bmp)
{
   // The ProcessImage function processes the image in parallel.
   // The following combinable objects enable the callback function
   // to increment the color counts without using a lock.
   combinable<unsigned int> reds;
   combinable<unsigned int> greens;
   combinable<unsigned int> blues;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [&](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         if (r >= g && r >= b)
            reds.local()++;
         else if (g >= r && g >= b)
            greens.local()++;
         else
            blues.local()++;
      }
   );

   // Determine which color is dominant and return the corresponding
   // color mask.

   unsigned int r = reds.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int g = greens.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int b = blues.combine(plus<unsigned int>());

   if (r + r >= g + b)
      return 0x00ff0000;
   else if (g + g >= r + b)
      return 0x0000ff00;
   else
      return 0x000000ff;
}

// Retrieves the class identifier for the given MIME type of an encoder.
int GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
   UINT  num = 0;          // number of image encoders
   UINT  size = 0;         // size of the image encoder array in bytes

   ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = nullptr;

   GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
   if(size == 0)
      return -1;  // Failure

   pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
   if(pImageCodecInfo == nullptr)
      return -1;  // Failure

   GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);

   for(UINT j = 0; j < num; ++j)
   {
      if( wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType, format) == 0 )
      {
         *pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[j].Clsid;
         free(pImageCodecInfo);
         return j;  // Success
      }    
   }

   free(pImageCodecInfo);
   return -1;  // Failure
}

// A synchronization primitive that is signaled when its 
// count reaches zero.
class countdown_event
{
public:
   countdown_event(unsigned int count = 0)
      : _current(static_cast<long>(count)) 
   {
      // Set the event if the initial count is zero.
      if (_current == 0L)
         _event.set();
   }

   // Decrements the event counter.
   void signal() {
      if(InterlockedDecrement(&_current) == 0L) {
         _event.set();
      }
   }

   // Increments the event counter.
   void add_count() {
      if(InterlockedIncrement(&_current) == 1L) {
         _event.reset();
      }
   }

   // Blocks the current context until the event is set.
   void wait() {
      _event.wait();
   }

private:
   // The current count.
   volatile long _current;
   // The event that is set when the counter reaches zero.
   event _event;

   // Disable copy constructor.
   countdown_event(const countdown_event&);
   // Disable assignment.
   countdown_event const & operator=(countdown_event const&);
};

// Demonstrates how to set up a message network that performs a series of 
// image processing operations on each JPEG image in the given directory and
// saves each altered image as a Windows bitmap.
void ProcessImages(const wstring& directory)
{
   // Holds the number of active image processing operations and 
   // signals to the main thread that processing is complete.
   countdown_event active(0);

   // Maps Bitmap objects to their original file names.
   map<Bitmap*, wstring> bitmap_file_names;

   //
   // Create the nodes of the network.
   //

   // Loads Bitmap objects from disk.
   transformer<wstring, Bitmap*> load_bitmap(
      [&](wstring file_name) -> Bitmap* {
         Bitmap* bmp = new Bitmap(file_name.c_str());
         if (bmp != nullptr)
            bitmap_file_names.insert(make_pair(bmp, file_name));
         return bmp;
      }
   );

   // Holds loaded Bitmap objects.
   unbounded_buffer<Bitmap*> loaded_bitmaps;

   // Converts images that are authored by Tom to grayscale.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> grayscale(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Grayscale(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool {
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;

         // Retrieve the artist name from metadata.
         UINT size = bmp->GetPropertyItemSize(PropertyTagArtist);
         if (size == 0)
            // Image does not have the Artist property.
            return false;

         PropertyItem* artistProperty = (PropertyItem*) malloc(size);
         bmp->GetPropertyItem(PropertyTagArtist, size, artistProperty);
         string artist(reinterpret_cast<char*>(artistProperty->value));
         free(artistProperty);

         return (artist.find("Tom ") == 0);
      }
   );

   // Removes the green and blue color components from images that have red as
   // their dominant color.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> colormask(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return ColorMask(bmp, 0x00ff0000);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { 
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;
         return (GetColorDominance(bmp) == 0x00ff0000);
      }
   );

   // Darkens the color of the provided Bitmap object.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> darken([](Bitmap* bmp) {
      return Darken(bmp, 50);
   });

   // Applies sepia toning to the remaining images.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> sepiatone(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Sepiatone(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { return bmp != nullptr; }
   );

   // Saves Bitmap objects to disk.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> save_bitmap([&](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {
      // Replace the file extension with .bmp.
      wstring file_name = bitmap_file_names[bmp];
      file_name.replace(file_name.rfind(L'.') + 1, 3, L"bmp");

      // Save the processed image.
      CLSID bmpClsid;
      GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &bmpClsid);      
      bmp->Save(file_name.c_str(), &bmpClsid);

      return bmp;
   });

   // Deletes Bitmap objects.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> delete_bitmap([](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {      
      delete bmp;
      return nullptr;
   });

   // Decrements the event counter.
   call<Bitmap*> decrement([&](Bitmap* _) {      
      active.signal();
   });

   //
   // Connect the network.
   //   

   load_bitmap.link_target(&loaded_bitmaps);

   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&grayscale);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&colormask);   
   colormask.link_target(&darken);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&sepiatone);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&decrement);

   grayscale.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   darken.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   sepiatone.link_target(&save_bitmap);

   save_bitmap.link_target(&delete_bitmap);
   delete_bitmap.link_target(&decrement);

   // Traverse all files in the directory.
   wstring searchPattern = directory;
   searchPattern.append(L"\\*");

   WIN32_FIND_DATA fileFindData;
   HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(searchPattern.c_str(), &fileFindData);
   if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
      return;
   do
   {
      if (!(fileFindData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
      {
         wstring file = fileFindData.cFileName;

         // Process only JPEG files.
         if (file.rfind(L".jpg") == file.length() - 4)
         {
            // Form the full path to the file.
            wstring full_path(directory);
            full_path.append(L"\\");
            full_path.append(file);

            // Increment the count of work items.
            active.add_count();

            // Send the path name to the network.
            send(load_bitmap, full_path);
         }
      }
   }
   while (FindNextFile(hFind, &fileFindData) != 0); 
   FindClose(hFind);

   // Wait for all operations to finish.
   active.wait();
}

int wmain()
{
   GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
   ULONG_PTR           gdiplusToken;

   // Initialize GDI+.
   GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, nullptr);

   // Perform image processing.
   // TODO: Change this path if necessary.
   ProcessImages(L"C:\\Users\\Public\\Pictures\\Sample Pictures");

   // Shutdown GDI+.
   GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken);
}

下圖顯示範例輸出。 每個來源影像在其修改過的對應影像之上。

此範例的範例輸出

Lighthouse 是由 Tom Alphin 撰寫,因此會轉換成灰階。 Chrysanthemum、Desert、Koala 和 Tulips 以紅色為主色,因此會移除藍色和綠色元件並暗化。 Hydrangeas、Jellyfish 和 Penguins 符合預設準則,因此會套用復古色調。

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Ff398050.collapse_all(zh-tw,VS.110).gif編譯程式碼

將範例程式碼複製並貼上它在 Visual Studio 專案中,或將它貼在檔名為 network.cpp-處理影像- ,然後執行下列命令,Visual Studio 的命令提示字元] 視窗中。

cl.exe /DUNICODE /EHsc image-processing-network.cpp /link gdiplus.lib

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