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如何：判斷哪些查詢持有鎖定

資料庫管理員經常需要識別阻礙資料庫效能的鎖定來源。

例如，您懷疑伺服器上的效能問題可能是由鎖定造成。當您查詢 sys.dm_exec_requests 時，您發現有數個工作階段處於已暫停模式，而且其等候類型指示鎖定是正在等候的資源。

您查詢 sys.dm_tran_locks，而結果顯示有許多鎖定尚未處理，但是被授與鎖定的工作階段並沒有任何使用中的要求顯示在 sys.dm_exec_requests 中。

這個範例會示範一個方法來決定哪一個查詢取得鎖定、查詢的計畫，以及取得鎖定時的 Transact-SQL 堆疊。這個範例也會示範如何將配對目標用於擴充的事件工作階段中。

完成這項工作需要在 SQL Server Management Studio 中使用查詢編輯器來進行以下程序。

[!附註]

這個範例會使用 AdventureWorks2008R2 資料庫。

判斷哪些查詢持有鎖定

  1. 在查詢編輯器中，發出下列陳述式。

    -- Perform cleanup. 
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.server_event_sessions WHERE name='FindBlockers')
    DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER
GO
-- Use dynamic SQL to create the event session and allow creating a -- predicate on the AdventureWorks2008R2 database id.
--
DECLARE @dbid int

SELECT @dbid = db_id('AdventureWorks2008R2')

IF @dbid IS NULL
BEGIN
    RAISERROR('AdventureWorks2008R2 is not installed. Install AdventureWorks2008R2 before proceeding', 17, 1)
    RETURN
END

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1024)
SET @sql = '
CREATE EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER
ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_acquired 
    (action 
        ( sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.database_id, sqlserver.tsql_stack,
         sqlserver.plan_handle, sqlserver.session_id)
    WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0) 
    ),
ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_released 
    (WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0 ))
ADD TARGET package0.pair_matching 
    ( SET begin_event=''sqlserver.lock_acquired'', 
            begin_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'', 
            end_event=''sqlserver.lock_released'', 
            end_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'',
    respond_to_memory_pressure=1)
WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)'

EXEC (@sql)
-- 
-- Create the metadata for the event session
-- Start the event session
--
ALTER EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER
STATE = START

  2. 在伺服器上執行工作負載之後，請在查詢編輯器中發出下列陳述式，以尋找仍然持有鎖定的查詢。

    --
-- The pair matching targets report current unpaired events using 
-- the sys.dm_xe_session_targets dynamic management view (DMV)
-- in XML format.
-- The following query retrieves the data from the DMV and stores
-- key data in a temporary table to speed subsequent access and
-- retrieval.
--
SELECT 
objlocks.value('(action/value)[5]', 'int')
        AS session_id,
    objlocks.value('(data/value)[5]', 'int') 
        AS database_id,
    objlocks.value('(data/text)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)' ) 
        AS resource_type,
    objlocks.value('(data/value)[9]', 'bigint') 
        AS resource_0,
    objlocks.value('(data/value)[10]', 'bigint') 
        AS resource_1,
    objlocks.value('(data/value)[11]', 'bigint') 
        AS resource_2,
    objlocks.value('(data/text)[2]', 'nvarchar(50)') 
        AS mode,
    objlocks.value('(action/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)') 
        AS sql_text,
    CAST(objlocks.value('(action/value)[4]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml) 
        AS plan_handle,    
    CAST(objlocks.value('(action/value)[3]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml) 
        AS tsql_stack
INTO #unmatched_locks
FROM (
    SELECT CAST(xest.target_data as xml) 
        lockinfo
    FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets xest
    JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions xes ON xes.address = xest.event_session_address
    WHERE xest.target_name = 'pair_matching' AND xes.name = 'FindBlockers'
) heldlocks
CROSS APPLY lockinfo.nodes('//event[@name="lock_acquired"]') AS T(objlocks)
--
-- Join the data acquired from the pairing target with other 
-- DMVs to return provide additional information about blockers
--
SELECT ul.*
    FROM #unmatched_locks ul
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_tran_locks tl ON ul.database_id = tl.resource_database_id AND ul.resource_type = tl.resource_type
    WHERE resource_0 IS NOT NULL
    AND session_id IN 
        (SELECT blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id != 0)
    AND tl.request_status='wait'
    AND REPLACE(ul.mode, 'LCK_M_', '' ) = tl.request_mode

  3. 在識別問題之後，請卸除任何暫存資料表和事件工作階段。

    DROP TABLE #unmatched_locks
DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER