使用 Win32 來管理 FILESTREAM 資料
您可以使用 Win32 來讀取及寫入資料至 FILESTREAM BLOB。下面是必要的步驟：
讀取 FILESTREAM 檔案路徑。
讀取目前交易內容。
取得 Win32 控制代碼，並且使用此控制代碼來讀取及寫入資料至 FILESTREAM BLOB。
[!附註]
此主題中的範例需要使用在＜如何：建立啟用 FILESTREAM 的資料庫＞和＜如何：建立儲存 FILESTREAM 資料的資料表＞中建立之啟用 FILESTREAM 的資料庫和資料表。
讀取 FILESTREAM 檔案路徑
FILESTREAM 資料表中的每個資料格都具有與它相關聯的檔案路徑。若要讀取此路徑，請在 Transact-SQL 陳述式中使用 varbinary(max) 資料行的 PathName 屬性。下列範例將示範如何讀取 varbinary(max) 資料行的檔案路徑。
DECLARE @filePath varchar(max)
SELECT @filePath = Chart.PathName()
FROM Archive.dbo.Records
WHERE SerialNumber = 3
PRINT @filepath
讀取交易內容
若要取得目前的交易內容，請使用 Transact-SQLGET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT() 函數。下列範例將示範如何開始交易並讀取目前交易內容。
DECLARE @txContext varbinary(max)
BEGIN TRANSACTION
SELECT @txContext = GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()
PRINT @txContext
COMMIT
取得 Win32 檔案控制代碼
若要取得 Win32 檔案控制代碼，請呼叫 OpenSqlFilestream API。這個 API 是從 sqlncli.dll 檔案中匯出。傳回的控制代碼可傳遞給下列任何 Win32 API：ReadFile、WriteFile、TransmitFile、SetFilePointer、SetEndOfFile 或 FlushFileBuffers。下列範例將示範如何取得 Win32 檔案控制代碼，並用它來讀取及寫入資料至 FILESTREAM BLOB。
using System.IO;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
namespace FILESTREAM
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(
"Integrated Security=true;server=(local)");
SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand();
sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection;
try
{
sqlConnection.Open();
//The first task is to retrieve the file path
//of the SQL FILESTREAM BLOB that we want to
//access in the application.
sqlCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT Chart.PathName()"
+ " FROM Archive.dbo.Records"
+ " WHERE SerialNumber = 3";
String filePath = null;
Object pathObj = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();
if (DBNull.Value != pathObj)
filePath = (string)pathObj;
else
{
throw new System.Exception(
"Chart.PathName() failed"
+ " to read the path name "
+ " for the Chart column.");
}
//The next task is to obtain a transaction
//context. All FILESTREAM BLOB operations
//occur within a transaction context to
//maintain data consistency.
//All SQL FILESTREAM BLOB access must occur in
//a transaction. MARS-enabled connections
//have specific rules for batch scoped transactions,
//which the Transact-SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION statement
//violates. To avoid this issue, client applications
//should use appropriate API facilities for transaction management,
//management, such as the SqlTransaction class.
SqlTransaction transaction = sqlConnection.BeginTransaction("mainTranaction");
sqlCommand.Transaction = transaction;
sqlCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()";
Object obj = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();
byte[] txContext = (byte[])obj;
//The next step is to obtain a handle that
//can be passed to the Win32 FILE APIs.
SqlFileStream sqlFileStream = new SqlFileStream(filePath, txContext, FileAccess.ReadWrite);
byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
int numBytes = 0;
//Write the string, "EKG data." to the FILESTREAM BLOB.
//In your application this string would be replaced with
//the binary data that you want to write.
string someData = "EKG data.";
Encoding unicode = Encoding.GetEncoding(0);
sqlFileStream.Write(unicode.GetBytes(someData.ToCharArray()),
0,
someData.Length);
//Read the data from the FILESTREAM
//BLOB.
sqlFileStream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
numBytes = sqlFileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
string readData = unicode.GetString(buffer);
if (numBytes != 0)
Console.WriteLine(readData);
//Because reading and writing are finished, FILESTREAM
//must be closed. This closes the c# FileStream class,
//but does not necessarily close the the underlying
//FILESTREAM handle.
sqlFileStream.Close();
//The final step is to commit or roll back the read and write
//operations that were performed on the FILESTREAM BLOB.
sqlCommand.Transaction.Commit();
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
sqlConnection.Close();
}
return;
}
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Module Module1
Public Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
' Dim sqlConnection As New SqlConnection("Integrated Security=true;server=(local)")
Dim sqlConnection As New SqlConnection("Integrated Security=true;server=kellyreyue\MSSQL1")
Dim sqlCommand As New SqlCommand()
sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection
Try
sqlConnection.Open()
'The first task is to retrieve the file path
'of the SQL FILESTREAM BLOB that we want to
'access in the application.
sqlCommand.CommandText = "SELECT Chart.PathName()" + " FROM Archive.dbo.Records" + " WHERE SerialNumber = 3"
Dim filePath As String = Nothing
Dim pathObj As Object = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar()
If Not pathObj.Equals(DBNull.Value) Then
filePath = DirectCast(pathObj, String)
Else
Throw New System.Exception("Chart.PathName() failed" + " to read the path name " + " for the Chart column.")
End If
'The next task is to obtain a transaction
'context. All FILESTREAM BLOB operations
'occur within a transaction context to
'maintain data consistency.
'All SQL FILESTREAM BLOB access must occur in
'a transaction. MARS-enabled connections
'have specific rules for batch scoped transactions,
'which the Transact-SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION statement
'violates. To avoid this issue, client applications
'should use appropriate API facilities for transaction management,
'management, such as the SqlTransaction class.
Dim transaction As SqlTransaction = sqlConnection.BeginTransaction("mainTranaction")
sqlCommand.Transaction = transaction
sqlCommand.CommandText = "SELECT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()"
Dim obj As Object = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar()
Dim txContext As Byte() = Nothing
Dim contextLength As UInteger
If Not obj.Equals(DBNull.Value) Then
txContext = DirectCast(obj, Byte())
contextLength = txContext.Length()
Else
Dim message As String = "GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT() failed"
Throw New System.Exception(message)
End If
'The next step is to obtain a handle that
'can be passed to the Win32 FILE APIs.
Dim sqlFileStream As New SqlFileStream(filePath, txContext, FileAccess.ReadWrite)
Dim buffer As Byte() = New Byte(511) {}
Dim numBytes As Integer = 0
'Write the string, "EKG data." to the FILESTREAM BLOB.
'In your application this string would be replaced with
'the binary data that you want to write.
Dim someData As String = "EKG data."
Dim unicode As Encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(0)
sqlFileStream.Write(unicode.GetBytes(someData.ToCharArray()), 0, someData.Length)
'Read the data from the FILESTREAM
'BLOB.
sqlFileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
numBytes = sqlFileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)
Dim readData As String = unicode.GetString(buffer)
If numBytes <> 0 Then
Console.WriteLine(readData)
End If
'Because reading and writing are finished, FILESTREAM
'must be closed. This closes the c# FileStream class,
'but does not necessarily close the the underlying
'FILESTREAM handle.
sqlFileStream.Close()
'The final step is to commit or roll back the read and write
'operations that were performed on the FILESTREAM BLOB.
sqlCommand.Transaction.Commit()
Catch ex As System.Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString())
Finally
sqlConnection.Close()
End Try
Return
End Sub
End Module
#include <windows.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include<sqltypes.h>
#include<sqlext.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sqlncli.h>
#define COPYBUFFERSIZE 4096
/// <summary>
///This class iterates though the ODBC error queue and prints all of the
///accumulated error messages to the console.
/// </summary>
class ODBCErrors
{
private:
int m_iLine; //Source code line on which the error occurred
SQLSMALLINT m_type; //Type of handle on which the error occurred
SQLHANDLE m_handle; //ODBC handle on which the error occurred
public:
/// <summary>
///Default constructor for the ODBCErrors class
///</summary>
ODBCErrors()
{
m_iLine = -1;
m_type = 0;
m_handle = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
}
/// <summary>
///Constructor for the ODBCErrors class
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iLine">
/// This parameter is the source code line
/// at which the error occurred.
///</param>
/// <param name="type">
/// This parameter is the type of ODBC handle passed in
/// the next parameter.
///</param>
/// <param name="handle">
/// This parameter is the handle on which the error occurred.
///</param>
ODBCErrors(int iLine, SQLSMALLINT type, SQLHANDLE handle)
{
m_iLine = iLine;
m_type = type;
m_handle = handle;
}
///<summary>
/// This method iterates though the error stack for the handle passed
/// into the constructor and displays those errors on the console.
///</summary>
void Print()
{
SQLSMALLINT i = 0, len = 0;
SQLINTEGER native;
SQLTCHAR state[9], text[256];
SQLRETURN sqlReturn = SQL_SUCCESS;
if ( m_handle == SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
{
wprintf_s(TEXT("The error handle is not a valid handle.\n"), m_iLine);
return;
}
wprintf_s(TEXT("Error Line(%d)\n"), m_iLine);
while( sqlReturn == SQL_SUCCESS )
{
len = 0;
sqlReturn = SQLGetDiagRec(
m_type,
m_handle,
++i,
state,
&native,
text,
sizeof(text)/sizeof(SQLTCHAR),
&len);
if ( SQL_SUCCEEDED(sqlReturn) )
wprintf_s(TEXT("Error(%d, %ld, %s) : %s\n"), i, native, state, text);
}
}
};
BOOL CopyFileToSQL(LPTSTR srcFilePath, LPTSTR dstFilePath, LPBYTE transactionToken, SQLINTEGER cbTransactionToken)
{
BOOL bRetCode = FALSE;
HANDLE srcHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE dstHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
BYTE buffer[COPYBUFFERSIZE] = { 0 };
TCHAR *szErrMsgSrc = TEXT("Error opening source file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgDst = TEXT("Error opening destFile file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgRead = TEXT("Error reading source file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgWrite = TEXT("Error writing SQL file.");
try
{
if ( (srcHandle = CreateFile(
srcFilePath,
GENERIC_READ,
FILE_SHARE_READ,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
NULL)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
throw szErrMsgSrc;
if ( (dstHandle = OpenSqlFilestream(
dstFilePath,
Write,
0,
transactionToken,
cbTransactionToken,
0)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
throw szErrMsgDst;
DWORD bytesRead = 0;
DWORD bytesWritten = 0;
do
{
if ( ReadFile(srcHandle, buffer, COPYBUFFERSIZE, &bytesRead, NULL) == 0 )
throw szErrMsgRead;
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
if ( WriteFile(dstHandle, buffer, bytesRead, &bytesWritten, NULL) == 0 )
throw szErrMsgWrite;
}
} while (bytesRead > 0);
bRetCode = TRUE;
}
catch( TCHAR *szErrMsg )
{
wprintf_s(szErrMsg);
bRetCode = FALSE;
}
if ( srcHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
CloseHandle(srcHandle);
if ( dstHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
CloseHandle(dstHandle);
return bRetCode;
}
void main()
{
TCHAR *sqlDBQuery =
TEXT("INSERT INTO Archive.dbo.Records(Id, SerialNumber, Chart)")
TEXT(" OUTPUT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT(), inserted.Chart.PathName()")
TEXT("VALUES (newid (), 5, CONVERT(VARBINARY, '**Temp**'))");
SQLCHAR transactionToken[32];
SQLHANDLE henv = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
SQLHANDLE hdbc = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
SQLHANDLE hstmt = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
try
{
//These statements Initialize ODBC for the client application and
//connect to the database.
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
if ( SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION,(void*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, NULL) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
//This code assumes that the dataset name "Sql Server FILESTREAM"
//has been previously created on the client computer system. An
//ODBC DSN is created with the ODBC Data Source item in
//the Windows Control Panel.
if ( SQLConnect(hdbc, TEXT("Sql Server FILESTREAM"),
SQL_NTS, NULL, 0, NULL, 0) <= 0 )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
//FILESTREAM requires that all read and write operations occur
//within a transaction.
if ( SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc,
SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
(SQLPOINTER)SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF,
SQL_IS_UINTEGER) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( SQLExecDirect(hstmt, sqlDBQuery, SQL_NTS) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
//Retrieve the transaction token.
if ( SQLFetch(hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
SQLINTEGER cbTransactionToken = sizeof(transactionToken);
if ( SQLGetData(hstmt, 1,
SQL_C_BINARY,
transactionToken,
sizeof(transactionToken),
&cbTransactionToken) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
//Retrieve the file path for the inserted record.
TCHAR dstFilePath[1024];
SQLINTEGER cbDstFilePath;
if ( SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_TCHAR, dstFilePath, sizeof(dstFilePath), &cbDstFilePath) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
if ( SQLCloseCursor(hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
SQLUSMALLINT mode = SQL_ROLLBACK;
if ( CopyFileToSQL(
TEXT("C:\\Users\\Data\\chart1.jpg"),
dstFilePath,
transactionToken,
cbTransactionToken) == TRUE )
mode = SQL_COMMIT;
SQLTransact(henv, hdbc, mode);
}
catch(ODBCErrors *pErrors)
{
pErrors->Print();
delete pErrors;
}
if ( hstmt != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
if ( hdbc != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLDisconnect(hdbc);
if ( hdbc != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( henv != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
}