轉型運算子：()

發行項
06/09/2015

類型轉換提供了一個明確的轉換方法，可在特定情況下轉換物件的類型。

unary-expression 
( type-name ) cast-expression

備註

所有一元運算式皆會視為 Cast 運算式。

在類型轉換完成後，編譯器會將 cast-expression 視為 type-name 類型。轉型可用來將任何純量類型的物件與任何其他純量類型的物件來回轉換。明確類型轉換受到與判斷隱含轉換效果的相同規則所限制。對轉型的其他限制可能來自特定類型的實際大小或表示。

範例

// expre_CastOperator.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
// Demonstrate cast operator
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    double x = 3.1;
    int i;
    cout << "x = " << x << endl;
    i = (int)x;   // assign i the integer part of x
    cout << "i = " << i << endl;
}

// expre_CastOperator2.cpp
// The following sample shows how to define and use a cast operator. 
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

class CountedAnsiString
{
public:
    // Assume source is not null terminated
    CountedAnsiString(const char *pStr, size_t nSize) :
                      m_nSize(nSize)
    {
        m_pStr = new char[sizeOfBuffer];

        strncpy_s(m_pStr, sizeOfBuffer, pStr, m_nSize);
        memset(&m_pStr[m_nSize], '!', 9); // for demonstration purposes.
    }

    // Various string-like methods...

    const char *GetRawBytes() const
    {
        return(m_pStr);
    }

    // 
    // operator to cast to a const char *
    // 
    operator const char *()
    {
        m_pStr[m_nSize] = '\0';
        return(m_pStr);
    }

    enum
    {
        sizeOfBuffer = 20
    } size;

private:
    char *m_pStr;
    const size_t m_nSize;
};

int main()
{
    const char *kStr = "Excitinggg";
    CountedAnsiString myStr(kStr, 8);

    const char *pRaw = myStr.GetRawBytes();
    printf_s("RawBytes truncated to 10 chars:   %.10s\n", pRaw);

    const char *pCast = myStr; // or (const char *)myStr;
    printf_s("Casted Bytes:   %s\n", pCast);

    puts("Note that the cast changed the raw internal string");
    printf_s("Raw Bytes after cast:   %s\n", pRaw);
}