記憶體回收告知
更新: 2008 年 7 月
在某些情況下,Common Language Runtime 執行完整記憶體回收可能會降低效能。特別是處理大量要求的伺服器,這可能會造成問題,因為在這種情況下,長時間的記憶體回收可能會導致要求逾時。為避免完整回收在重要期間發生,您可由系統通知完整記憶體回收即將進行,然後採取動作將工作負載重新導向至另一個伺服器執行個體。您也可以自行引發回收,只要目前伺服器執行個體不需要處理要求即可。
注意事項: |
---|
此功能只有在並行記憶體回收停用時才能使用。並行記憶體回收預設為啟用,除非您是在裝載環境中執行,由主應用程式為您變更了組態。當使用伺服器記憶體回收時,無法使用並行記憶體回收。此功能不支援並行記憶體回收,因為並行記憶體回收進行的同時允許記憶體配置。如需如何停用並行記憶體回收的詳細資訊,請參閱 <gcConcurrent> 執行階段設定。 |
RegisterForFullGCNotification 方法會註冊通知,當執行階段偵測到完整記憶體回收即將進行時,即發出通知。此通知分為兩部分:何時即將進行完整記憶體回收,以及完整記憶體回收何時完成。
若要判斷何時發出通知,請使用 WaitForFullGCApproach 和 WaitForFullGCComplete 方法。一般來說,您可以在 while 迴圈 (Loop) 中使用這些方法,以持續取得顯示通知狀態的 GCNotificationStatus 列舉型別 (Enumeration)。如果該值為 Succeeded,您可以執行下列動作:
為回應 WaitForFullGCApproach 方法所取得的通知,您可以重新導向工作負載並自行引發回收。
為回應 WaitForFullGCComplete 方法所取得的通知,您可以讓目前伺服器執行個體能夠再次處理要求。您也可以收集資訊。例如,您可以使用 CollectionCount 方法記錄回收次數。
WaitForFullGCApproach 和 WaitForFullGCComplete 方法是設計一起運作。若兩個方法未一起使用,可能產生不確定的結果。
完整記憶體回收
當發生下列任何情況時,執行階段會引發完整記憶體回收:
已有足夠的記憶體升級為層代 2,導致下一次的層代 2 回收。
已有足夠的記憶體升級為大型物件堆積,導致下一次的層代 2 回收。
其他因素導致層代 1 回收提升為層代 2 回收。
您在 RegisterForFullGCNotification 方法中指定的臨界值會套用到前兩種情況。不過,在第一種情況下,您不一定會在設定的臨界值達到時收到通知,原因有兩個:
執行階段不會檢查每次的小型物件配置 (基於效能考量)。
只有層代 1 回收會將記憶體升級為層代 2。
第三種情況也會使得收到通知的時間變得不確定。雖然這不是絕對有用的方法,但若能在這段期間重新導向要求或自行引發回收,有助於減少不當完整記憶體回收所帶來的影響。
通知臨界值參數
RegisterForFullGCNotification 方法有兩個參數,分別指定層代 2 物件和大型物件堆積的臨界值。當達到這些值時,就應發出記憶體回收通知。下表描述這些參數。
參數 |
說明 |
---|---|
maxGenerationThreshold |
範圍從 1 到 99 的數字,根據層代 2 中升級的物件,指定何時應引發通知。 |
largeObjectHeapThreshold |
範圍從 1 到 99 的數字,根據大型物件堆積中所配置的物件,指定何時應引發通知。 |
如果您指定的值太高,您很可能會收到通知,但有可能會等一段很長的時間,執行階段才會引發回收。如果您自行引發回收,您所回收的物件可能比執行階段引發的回收還多。
如果您指定的值太低,執行階段引發回收時可能沒有足夠的時間通知您。
範例
說明
在下列範例中,有一組伺服器處理收到的 Web 要求。為模擬處理要求的工作負載,會將位元組陣列加入到 List<T> 集合。每台伺服器都會註冊記憶體回收通知,並在 WaitForFullGCProc 使用者方法上啟動執行緒,以持續監視 WaitForFullGCApproach 和 WaitForFullGCComplete 方法傳回的 GCNotificationStatus 列舉。
當系統引發通知時,WaitForFullGCApproach 和 WaitForFullGCComplete 方法會呼叫各自的事件處理使用者方法:
OnFullGCApproachNotify
此方法會呼叫 RedirectRequests 使用者方法,指示要求佇列伺服器暫停傳送要求至該伺服器。模擬的方式是將類別層級變數 bAllocate 設為 false,這樣就不會再配置物件。
接著會呼叫 FinishExistingRequests 使用者方法,以完成處理暫止的伺服器要求。模擬的方式是清除 List<T> 集合。
最後再引發記憶體回收,因為工作負載變輕。
OfFullGCCompeteNotify
此方法會呼叫使用者方法 AcceptRequests 以繼續接受要求,因為伺服器不再容易受到完整記憶體回收的影響。模擬此動作的方式是將 bAllocate 變數設為 true,這樣物件就會繼續加入到 List<T> 集合。
下列程式碼包含範例的 Main 方法。
' Variables for continual checking in the
' While loop in the WaitForFullGcProc method.
Private Shared checkForNotify As Boolean = False
' Variable for suspending work
' (such as servicing allocated server requests)
' after a notification is received and then
' resuming allocation after inducing a garbage collection.
Private Shared bAllocate As Boolean = False
' Variable for ending the example.
Private Shared finalExit As Boolean = False
' Collection for objects that
' simulate the server request workload.
Private Shared load As New List(Of Byte())
Public Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
Try
' Register for a notification.
GC.RegisterForFullGCNotification(10, 10)
Console.WriteLine("Registered for GC notification.")
bAllocate = True
checkForNotify = True
' Start a thread using WaitForFullGCProc.
Dim thWaitForFullGC As Thread = _
New Thread(New ThreadStart(AddressOf WaitForFullGCProc))
thWaitForFullGC.Start()
' While the thread is checking for notifications in
' WaitForFullGCProc, create objects to simulate a server workload.
Try
Dim lastCollCount As Integer = 0
Dim newCollCount As Integer = 0
While (True)
If bAllocate = True Then
load.Add(New Byte(1000) {})
newCollCount = GC.CollectionCount(2)
If (newCollCount <> lastCollCount) Then
' Show collection count when it increases:
Console.WriteLine("Gen 2 collection count: {0}", _
GC.CollectionCount(2).ToString)
lastCollCount = newCollCount
End If
' For ending the example (arbitrary).
If newCollCount = 500 Then
finalExit = True
checkForNotify = False
bAllocate = False
Exit While
End If
End If
End While
Catch outofMem As OutOfMemoryException
Console.WriteLine("Out of memory.")
End Try
finalExit = True
checkForNotify = False
GC.CancelFullGCNotification()
Catch invalidOp As InvalidOperationException
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifications are not supported while concurrent GC is enabled." _
& vbLf & invalidOp.Message)
End Try
End Sub
// Variable for continual checking in the
// While loop in the WaitForFullGCProc method.
static bool checkForNotify = false;
// Variable for suspending work
// (such servicing allocated server requests)
// after a notification is received and then
// resuming allocation after inducing a garbage collection.
static bool bAllocate = false;
// Variable for ending the example.
static bool finalExit = false;
// Collection for objects that
// simulate the server request workload.
static List<byte[]> load = new List<byte[]>();
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// Register for a notification.
GC.RegisterForFullGCNotification(10, 10);
Console.WriteLine("Registered for GC notification.");
checkForNotify = true;
bAllocate = true;
// Start a thread using WaitForFullGCProc.
Thread thWaitForFullGC = new Thread(new ThreadStart(WaitForFullGCProc));
thWaitForFullGC.Start();
// While the thread is checking for notifications in
// WaitForFullGCProc, create objects to simulate a server workload.
try
{
int lastCollCount = 0;
int newCollCount = 0;
while (true)
{
if (bAllocate)
{
load.Add(new byte[1000]);
newCollCount = GC.CollectionCount(2);
if (newCollCount != lastCollCount)
{
// Show collection count when it increases:
Console.WriteLine("Gen 2 collection count: {0}", GC.CollectionCount(2).ToString());
lastCollCount = newCollCount;
}
// For ending the example (arbitrary).
if (newCollCount == 500)
{
finalExit = true;
checkForNotify = false;
break;
}
}
}
}
catch (OutOfMemoryException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Out of memory.");
}
finalExit = true;
checkForNotify = false;
GC.CancelFullGCNotification();
}
catch (InvalidOperationException invalidOp)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifications are not supported while concurrent GC is enabled.\n"
+ invalidOp.Message);
}
}
下列程式碼包含 WaitForFullGCProc 使用者方法,此方法包含持續進行的 while 迴圈,檢查是否有記憶體回收通知。
Public Shared Sub WaitForFullGCProc()
While True
' CheckForNotify is set to true and false in Main.
While checkForNotify
' Check for a notification of an approaching collection.
Dim s As GCNotificationStatus = GC.WaitForFullGCApproach
If (s = GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.")
OnFullGCApproachNotify()
ElseIf (s = GCNotificationStatus.Canceled) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.")
Exit While
Else
' This can occur if a timeout period
' is specified for WaitForFullGCApproach(Timeout)
' or WaitForFullGCComplete(Timeout)
' and the time out period has elapsed.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.")
Exit While
End If
' Check for a notification of a completed collection.
s = GC.WaitForFullGCComplete
If (s = GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.")
OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify()
ElseIf (s = GCNotificationStatus.Canceled) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.")
Exit While
Else
' Could be a time out.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.")
Exit While
End If
End While
Thread.Sleep(500)
' FinalExit is set to true right before
' the main thread cancelled notification.
If finalExit Then
Exit While
End If
End While
End Sub
public static void WaitForFullGCProc()
{
while (true)
{
// CheckForNotify is set to true and false in Main.
while (checkForNotify)
{
// Check for a notification of an approaching collection.
GCNotificationStatus s = GC.WaitForFullGCApproach();
if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.");
OnFullGCApproachNotify();
}
else if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Canceled)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.");
break;
}
else
{
// This can occur if a timeout period
// is specified for WaitForFullGCApproach(Timeout)
// or WaitForFullGCComplete(Timeout)
// and the time out period has elapsed.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.");
break;
}
// Check for a notification of a completed collection.
s = GC.WaitForFullGCComplete();
if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.");
OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify();
}
else if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Canceled)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.");
break;
}
else
{
// Could be a time out.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.");
break;
}
}
Thread.Sleep(500);
// FinalExit is set to true right before
// the main thread cancelled notification.
if (finalExit)
{
break;
}
}
}
下列程式碼包含 OnFullGCApproachNotify 方法,此方法是從
WaitForFullGCProc 方法呼叫的。
Public Shared Sub OnFullGCApproachNotify()
Console.WriteLine("Redirecting requests.")
' Method that tells the request queuing
' server to not direct requests to this server.
RedirectRequests()
' Method that provides time to
' finish processing pending requests.
FinishExistingRequests()
' This is a good time to induce a GC collection
' because the runtime will induce a ful GC soon.
' To be very careful, you can check precede with a
' check of the GC.GCCollectionCount to make sure
' a full GC did not already occur since last notified.
GC.Collect()
Console.WriteLine("Induced a collection.")
End Sub
public static void OnFullGCApproachNotify()
{
Console.WriteLine("Redirecting requests.");
// Method that tells the request queuing
// server to not direct requests to this server.
RedirectRequests();
// Method that provides time to
// finish processing pending requests.
FinishExistingRequests();
// This is a good time to induce a GC collection
// because the runtime will induce a full GC soon.
// To be very careful, you can check precede with a
// check of the GC.GCCollectionCount to make sure
// a full GC did not already occur since last notified.
GC.Collect();
Console.WriteLine("Induced a collection.");
}
下列程式碼包含 OnFullGCApproachComplete 方法,此方法是從
WaitForFullGCProc 方法呼叫的。
Public Shared Sub OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify()
' Method that informs the request queuing server
' that this server is ready to accept requests again.
AcceptRequests()
Console.WriteLine("Accepting requests again.")
End Sub
public static void OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify()
{
// Method that informs the request queuing server
// that this server is ready to accept requests again.
AcceptRequests();
Console.WriteLine("Accepting requests again.");
}
下列程式碼包含從 OnFullGCApproachNotify 和 OnFullGCCompleteNotify 方法呼叫的使用者方法。這些使用者方法會重新導向要求、完成現有的要求,然後在完整記憶體回收執行之後繼續要求。
private static void RedirectRequests()
{
// Code that sends requests
// to other servers.
// Suspend work.
bAllocate = false;
}
private static void FinishExistingRequests()
{
// Code that waits a period of time
// for pending requests to finish.
// Clear the simulated workload.
load.Clear();
}
private static void AcceptRequests()
{
// Code that resumes processing
// requests on this server.
// Resume work.
bAllocate = true;
}
完整的程式碼範例如下:
Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic
Class Program
' Variables for continual checking in the
' While loop in the WaitForFullGcProc method.
Private Shared checkForNotify As Boolean = False
' Variable for suspending work
' (such as servicing allocated server requests)
' after a notification is received and then
' resuming allocation after inducing a garbage collection.
Private Shared bAllocate As Boolean = False
' Variable for ending the example.
Private Shared finalExit As Boolean = False
' Collection for objects that
' simulate the server request workload.
Private Shared load As New List(Of Byte())
Public Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
Try
' Register for a notification.
GC.RegisterForFullGCNotification(10, 10)
Console.WriteLine("Registered for GC notification.")
bAllocate = True
checkForNotify = True
' Start a thread using WaitForFullGCProc.
Dim thWaitForFullGC As Thread = _
New Thread(New ThreadStart(AddressOf WaitForFullGCProc))
thWaitForFullGC.Start()
' While the thread is checking for notifications in
' WaitForFullGCProc, create objects to simulate a server workload.
Try
Dim lastCollCount As Integer = 0
Dim newCollCount As Integer = 0
While (True)
If bAllocate = True Then
load.Add(New Byte(1000) {})
newCollCount = GC.CollectionCount(2)
If (newCollCount <> lastCollCount) Then
' Show collection count when it increases:
Console.WriteLine("Gen 2 collection count: {0}", _
GC.CollectionCount(2).ToString)
lastCollCount = newCollCount
End If
' For ending the example (arbitrary).
If newCollCount = 500 Then
finalExit = True
checkForNotify = False
bAllocate = False
Exit While
End If
End If
End While
Catch outofMem As OutOfMemoryException
Console.WriteLine("Out of memory.")
End Try
finalExit = True
checkForNotify = False
GC.CancelFullGCNotification()
Catch invalidOp As InvalidOperationException
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifications are not supported while concurrent GC is enabled." _
& vbLf & invalidOp.Message)
End Try
End Sub
Public Shared Sub OnFullGCApproachNotify()
Console.WriteLine("Redirecting requests.")
' Method that tells the request queuing
' server to not direct requests to this server.
RedirectRequests()
' Method that provides time to
' finish processing pending requests.
FinishExistingRequests()
' This is a good time to induce a GC collection
' because the runtime will induce a ful GC soon.
' To be very careful, you can check precede with a
' check of the GC.GCCollectionCount to make sure
' a full GC did not already occur since last notified.
GC.Collect()
Console.WriteLine("Induced a collection.")
End Sub
Public Shared Sub OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify()
' Method that informs the request queuing server
' that this server is ready to accept requests again.
AcceptRequests()
Console.WriteLine("Accepting requests again.")
End Sub
Public Shared Sub WaitForFullGCProc()
While True
' CheckForNotify is set to true and false in Main.
While checkForNotify
' Check for a notification of an approaching collection.
Dim s As GCNotificationStatus = GC.WaitForFullGCApproach
If (s = GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.")
OnFullGCApproachNotify()
ElseIf (s = GCNotificationStatus.Canceled) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.")
Exit While
Else
' This can occur if a timeout period
' is specified for WaitForFullGCApproach(Timeout)
' or WaitForFullGCComplete(Timeout)
' and the time out period has elapsed.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.")
Exit While
End If
' Check for a notification of a completed collection.
s = GC.WaitForFullGCComplete
If (s = GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.")
OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify()
ElseIf (s = GCNotificationStatus.Canceled) Then
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.")
Exit While
Else
' Could be a time out.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.")
Exit While
End If
End While
Thread.Sleep(500)
' FinalExit is set to true right before
' the main thread cancelled notification.
If finalExit Then
Exit While
End If
End While
End Sub
Private Shared Sub RedirectRequests()
' Code that sends requests
' to other servers.
' Suspend work.
bAllocate = False
End Sub
Private Shared Sub FinishExistingRequests()
' Code that waits a period of time
' for pending requests to finish.
' Clear the simulated workload.
load.Clear()
End Sub
Private Shared Sub AcceptRequests()
' Code that resumes processing
' requests on this server.
' Resume work.
bAllocate = True
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
namespace GCNotify
{
class Program
{
// Variable for continual checking in the
// While loop in the WaitForFullGCProc method.
static bool checkForNotify = false;
// Variable for suspending work
// (such servicing allocated server requests)
// after a notification is received and then
// resuming allocation after inducing a garbage collection.
static bool bAllocate = false;
// Variable for ending the example.
static bool finalExit = false;
// Collection for objects that
// simulate the server request workload.
static List<byte[]> load = new List<byte[]>();
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// Register for a notification.
GC.RegisterForFullGCNotification(10, 10);
Console.WriteLine("Registered for GC notification.");
checkForNotify = true;
bAllocate = true;
// Start a thread using WaitForFullGCProc.
Thread thWaitForFullGC = new Thread(new ThreadStart(WaitForFullGCProc));
thWaitForFullGC.Start();
// While the thread is checking for notifications in
// WaitForFullGCProc, create objects to simulate a server workload.
try
{
int lastCollCount = 0;
int newCollCount = 0;
while (true)
{
if (bAllocate)
{
load.Add(new byte[1000]);
newCollCount = GC.CollectionCount(2);
if (newCollCount != lastCollCount)
{
// Show collection count when it increases:
Console.WriteLine("Gen 2 collection count: {0}", GC.CollectionCount(2).ToString());
lastCollCount = newCollCount;
}
// For ending the example (arbitrary).
if (newCollCount == 500)
{
finalExit = true;
checkForNotify = false;
break;
}
}
}
}
catch (OutOfMemoryException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Out of memory.");
}
finalExit = true;
checkForNotify = false;
GC.CancelFullGCNotification();
}
catch (InvalidOperationException invalidOp)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifications are not supported while concurrent GC is enabled.\n"
+ invalidOp.Message);
}
}
public static void OnFullGCApproachNotify()
{
Console.WriteLine("Redirecting requests.");
// Method that tells the request queuing
// server to not direct requests to this server.
RedirectRequests();
// Method that provides time to
// finish processing pending requests.
FinishExistingRequests();
// This is a good time to induce a GC collection
// because the runtime will induce a full GC soon.
// To be very careful, you can check precede with a
// check of the GC.GCCollectionCount to make sure
// a full GC did not already occur since last notified.
GC.Collect();
Console.WriteLine("Induced a collection.");
}
public static void OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify()
{
// Method that informs the request queuing server
// that this server is ready to accept requests again.
AcceptRequests();
Console.WriteLine("Accepting requests again.");
}
public static void WaitForFullGCProc()
{
while (true)
{
// CheckForNotify is set to true and false in Main.
while (checkForNotify)
{
// Check for a notification of an approaching collection.
GCNotificationStatus s = GC.WaitForFullGCApproach();
if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.");
OnFullGCApproachNotify();
}
else if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Canceled)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.");
break;
}
else
{
// This can occur if a timeout period
// is specified for WaitForFullGCApproach(Timeout)
// or WaitForFullGCComplete(Timeout)
// and the time out period has elapsed.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.");
break;
}
// Check for a notification of a completed collection.
s = GC.WaitForFullGCComplete();
if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Succeeded)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notifiction raised.");
OnFullGCCompleteEndNotify();
}
else if (s == GCNotificationStatus.Canceled)
{
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification cancelled.");
break;
}
else
{
// Could be a time out.
Console.WriteLine("GC Notification not applicable.");
break;
}
}
Thread.Sleep(500);
// FinalExit is set to true right before
// the main thread cancelled notification.
if (finalExit)
{
break;
}
}
}
private static void RedirectRequests()
{
// Code that sends requests
// to other servers.
// Suspend work.
bAllocate = false;
}
private static void FinishExistingRequests()
{
// Code that waits a period of time
// for pending requests to finish.
// Clear the simulated workload.
load.Clear();
}
private static void AcceptRequests()
{
// Code that resumes processing
// requests on this server.
// Resume work.
bAllocate = true;
}
}
}
請參閱
其他資源
變更記錄
日期 |
記錄 |
原因 |
---|---|---|
2008 年 7 月 |
加入主題。 |
SP1 功能變更。 |