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逐步解說:依 ClickOnce 部署 API 的要求下載組件

更新:2007 年 11 月

根據預設,在 ClickOnce 應用程式中包含的所有組件,都會在應用程式首次執行時下載。不過,您的應用程式可能有些部分是由一小群使用者使用。在此情況下,只有在建立一種類型的組件時,才需要下載組件。下列逐步解說會示範如何將應用程式中的某些組件標記為「選擇項」,以及如何在 Common Language Runtime (CLR) 要求這些組件時,使用 System.Deployment.Application 命名空間中的類別來下載這些組件。

注意事項:

您的應用程式需要在完全信任的狀態下執行,才能使用這個程序。

必要條件

您將需要下列其中一個元件才能完成這個逐步解說:

  • .NET Framework 2.0 SDK。.NET Framework 2.0 SDK 是隨 Visual Studio 2005 安裝程式提供的元件,或者可以從 Microsoft 下載中心 (英文) 下載。

  • 適用於 Windows Vista 的 Windows SDK。適用於 Windows Vista 的 Windows SDK 可從 Microsoft 下載中心下載。

  • Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 或更新版本。

建立專案

建立使用視需要下載組件的專案

  1. 建立名為 ClickOnceOnDemand 的目錄。

  2. 開啟 .NET Framework SDK 命令提示字元,或是 Visual Studio 命令提示字元。

  3. 切換到 ClickOnceOnDemand 目錄。

  4. 使用下列命令產生公開/私密金鑰組:

    sn -k TestKey.snk
    
  5. 使用 [記事本] 或其他文字編輯器,定義名為 DynamicClass,並具有名為 Message 單一屬性的類別。

    Public Class DynamicClass
        Sub New()
    
        End Sub
    
        Public ReadOnly Property Message() As String
            Get
                Message = "Hello, world!"
            End Get
        End Property
    End Class
    
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand
    {
        public class DynamicClass
        {
            public DynamicClass() {}
    
            public string Message
            {
                get
                {
                    return ("Hello, world!");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
  6. 根據您使用的語言,以名為 ClickOnceLibrary.cs 或 ClickOnceLibrary.vb 的檔案將文字儲存到 ClickOnceOnDemand 目錄。

  7. 將此檔案編譯為組件。

    csc /target:library /keyfile:TestKey.snk ClickOnceLibrary.cs
    
    vbc /target:library /keyfile:TestKey.snk ClickOnceLibrary.vb
    
  8. 若要取得組件的公開金鑰語彙基元,請使用下列命令:

    sn -T ClickOnceLibrary.dll
    
  9. 使用文字編輯器建立新的檔案,並輸入下列程式碼。這個程式碼會建立 Windows Form 應用程式,該應用程式會在需要時下載 ClickOnceLibrary 組件。

    Imports System
    Imports System.Windows.Forms
    Imports System.Deployment.Application
    Imports System.Drawing
    Imports System.Reflection
    Imports System.Collections.Generic
    Imports Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand
    
    
    Namespace Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand
       <System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermission(System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted:=true)> _
       Class Form1
          Inherits Form
    
            ' Maintain a dictionary mapping DLL names to download file groups. This is trivial for this sample,
            ' but will be important in real-world applications where a feature is spread across multiple DLLs,
            ' and you want to download all DLLs for that feature in one shot. 
            Dim DllMapping as Dictionary(Of String, String) = new Dictionary(of String, String)()
    
          Public Sub New()
             ' Add button to form.
                Dim GetAssemblyButton As New Button()
                GetAssemblyButton.Location = New Point(100, 100)
                GetAssemblyButton.Text = "Get assembly on demand"
                AddHandler GetAssemblyButton.Click, AddressOf GetAssemblyButton_Click
    
                Me.Controls.Add(GetAssemblyButton)
    
                DllMapping("ClickOnceLibrary") = "ClickOnceLibrary"
                AddHandler AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve, AddressOf CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve
          End Sub
    
            <STAThread()> _
            Shared Sub Main()
                Application.EnableVisualStyles()
                Application.Run(New Form1())
            End Sub
    
            Private Function CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal args As ResolveEventArgs) As Assembly
                If ApplicationDeployment.IsNetworkDeployed Then
                    Dim deploy As ApplicationDeployment = ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment
    
                    ' Get the DLL name from the Name argument.
                    Dim nameParts() as String = args.Name.Split(",")
                    Dim dllName as String = nameParts(0)
            Dim downloadGroupName as String = DllMapping(dllName)
    
                    Try
                        deploy.DownloadFileGroup(downloadGroupName)
                    Catch de As DeploymentException
    
                    End Try
    
                    ' Load the assembly.
                    Dim newAssembly As Assembly = Nothing
    
                    Try
                        newAssembly = Assembly.LoadFile(Application.StartupPath & "\\" & dllName & ".dll," & _  
                "Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=en, PublicKeyToken=03689116d3a4ae33")
                    Catch ex As Exception
                        MessageBox.Show("Could not download assembly on demand.")
                    End Try
    
                    CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve = newAssembly
                Else
                    CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve = Nothing
                End If
            End Function
    
            Private Sub GetAssemblyButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
                Dim ourClass As New DynamicClass()
                MessageBox.Show("DynamicClass string is: " + ourClass.Message)
            End Sub
        End Class
    End Namespace
    
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Drawing;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.Reflection;
    using System.Deployment.Application;
    using Microsoft.Samples.ClickOnceOnDemand;
    
    namespace ClickOnceOnDemand
    {
        [System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermission(System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted=true)]
        public class Form1 : Form
        {
            // Maintain a dictionary mapping DLL names to download file groups. This is trivial for this sample,
            // but will be important in real-world applications where a feature is spread across multiple DLLs,
            // and you want to download all DLLs for that feature in one shot. 
            Dictionary<String, String> DllMapping = new Dictionary<String, String>();
    
            public static void Main()
            {
                Form1 NewForm = new Form1();
                Application.Run(NewForm);
            }
    
            public Form1()
            {
                // Configure form. 
                this.Size = new Size(500, 200);
                Button getAssemblyButton = new Button();
                getAssemblyButton.Size = new Size(130, getAssemblyButton.Size.Height);
                getAssemblyButton.Text = "Test Assembly";
                getAssemblyButton.Location = new Point(50, 50);
                this.Controls.Add(getAssemblyButton);
                getAssemblyButton.Click += new EventHandler(getAssemblyButton_Click);
    
                DllMapping["ClickOnceLibrary"] = "ClickOnceLibrary";
                AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += new ResolveEventHandler(CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve);
            }
    
            /*
             * Use ClickOnce APIs to download the assembly on demand.
             */
            private Assembly CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args)
            {
                Assembly newAssembly = null;
    
                if (ApplicationDeployment.IsNetworkDeployed)
                {
                    ApplicationDeployment deploy = ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment;
    
                    // Get the DLL name from the Name argument.
                    string[] nameParts = args.Name.Split(',');
                    string dllName = nameParts[0];
                    string downloadGroupName = DllMapping[dllName];
    
                    try
                    {
                        deploy.DownloadFileGroup(downloadGroupName);
                    }
                    catch (DeploymentException de)
                    {
                        MessageBox.Show("Downloading file group failed. Group name: " + downloadGroupName + "; DLL name: " + args.Name);
                        throw (de);
                    }
    
                    // Load the assembly.
                    // Assembly.Load() doesn't work here, as the previous failure to load the assembly
                    // is cached by the CLR. LoadFrom() is not recommended. Use LoadFile() instead.
                    try
                    {
                        newAssembly = Assembly.LoadFile(Application.StartupPath + @"\" + dllName + ".dll," +  
                "Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=en, PublicKeyToken=03689116d3a4ae33");
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        throw (e);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    //Major error - not running under ClickOnce, but missing assembly. Don't know how to recover.
                    throw (new Exception("Cannot load assemblies dynamically - application is not deployed using ClickOnce."));
                }
    
    
                return (newAssembly);
            }
    
            private void getAssemblyButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                DynamicClass dc = new DynamicClass();
                MessageBox.Show("Message: " + dc.Message);
            }
        }
    }
    
  10. 在程式碼中,尋找 LoadFile 的呼叫。

  11. 將 PublicKeyToken 設為您之前擷取的值。

  12. 將檔案儲存為 Form1.cs 或 Form1.vb。

  13. 使用下列命令將它編譯為可執行檔。

    csc /target:exe /reference:ClickOnceLibrary.dll Form1.cs
    
    vbc /target:exe /reference:ClickOnceLibrary.dll Form1.vb
    

將組件標記為選擇項

使用 MageUI.exe 將 ClickOnce 應用程式中的組件標記為選擇項

  1. 使用 MageUI.exe,建立應用程式資訊清單,如逐步解說:手動部署 ClickOnce 應用程式中所述。請使用下列應用程式資訊清單的設定:

    • 將應用程式資訊清單命名為 ClickOnceOnDemand。

    • 在 [檔案] 頁面上的 [ClickOnceLibrary.dll] 資料列,將 [檔案類型] 欄設為 [無]。

    • 在 [檔案] 頁面上 [ClickOnceLibrary.dll] 資料列的 [群組] 欄中,輸入 ClickOnceLibrary.dll。

  2. 使用 MageUI.exe,建立部署資訊清單,如逐步解說:手動部署 ClickOnce 應用程式中所述。請使用下列部署資訊清單的設定:

    • 將部署資訊清單命名為 ClickOnceOnDemand。

測試新組件

若要測試視需要下載的組件

  1. 將您的 ClickOnce 部署上載至 Web 伺服器。

  2. 輸入部署資訊清單的 URL,以便從 Web 瀏覽器啟動以 ClickOnce 部署的應用程式。如果您呼叫 ClickOnce 應用程式 ClickOnceOnDemand,並將它上載至 adatum.com 的根目錄,您的 URL 會如下所示:

    http://www.adatum.com/ClickOnceOnDemand/ClickOnceOnDemand.application
    
  3. 當您的主表單出現時,按下 Button。您應該會看到在訊息方塊視窗中顯示 "Hello, World!" 的字串。

請參閱

參考

ApplicationDeployment