逐步解說：使用兩個 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項建立主要/詳細表單

發行項
08/21/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

使用 DataGridView 控制項時，最常見的一種案例就是主要/詳細表單，這種表單可顯示出兩個資料庫資料表之間的父/子關聯。在主要資料表中選取資料列，會使得詳細資料表更新其相對應的子系資料。

透過 DataGridView 控制項和 BindingSource 元件之間的互動，實作主要/詳細表單是一件很容易的事。在本逐步解說中，您會使用兩個 DataGridView 控制項和兩個 BindingSource 元件來建立表單。表單將顯示在 Northwind SQL Server 範例資料庫中兩個關聯資料表：Customers 和 Orders。當您完成時將會擁有一個表單，其中資料庫的所有客戶會顯示在主要的 DataGridView，而特定客戶的所有訂單則會顯示在詳細的 DataGridView 當中。

若要將此主題中的程式碼複製為一份清單，請參閱 HOW TO：使用兩個 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項建立主從式表單。

必要條件

若要完成這個逐步解說，您必須要有：

存取具有 Northwind SQL Server 範例資料庫的伺服器。

建立表單

若要建立主要/詳細表單

建立一個由 Form 所衍生，而且包含兩個 DataGridView 控制項和兩個 BindingSource 元件的類別。下列的程式碼提供基本的表單初始化，而且包含了一個 Main 方法。如果您使用 Visual Studio 設計工具來建立表單，則可以用設計工具產生的程式碼來取代下列程式碼，不過請確認您使用了此處變數宣告中所顯示的名稱。

Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private masterDataGridView As New DataGridView()
    Private masterBindingSource As New BindingSource()
    Private detailsDataGridView As New DataGridView()
    Private detailsBindingSource As New BindingSource()

    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    ' Initializes the form.
    Public Sub New()

        masterDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        detailsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill

        Dim splitContainer1 As New SplitContainer()
        splitContainer1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
        splitContainer1.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal
        splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(masterDataGridView)
        splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(detailsDataGridView)

        Me.Controls.Add(splitContainer1)
        Me.Text = "DataGridView master/detail demo"

    End Sub


...


End Class

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private DataGridView masterDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource masterBindingSource = new BindingSource();
    private DataGridView detailsDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource detailsBindingSource = new BindingSource();

    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    // Initializes the form.
    public Form1()
    {
        masterDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        detailsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

        SplitContainer splitContainer1 = new SplitContainer();
        splitContainer1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
        splitContainer1.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal;
        splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(masterDataGridView);
        splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(detailsDataGridView);

        this.Controls.Add(splitContainer1);
        this.Load += new System.EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.Text = "DataGridView master/detail demo";
    }


...


}

在表單的類別定義中實作一個方法，來處理與資料庫連接的細節。這個範例使用一個 GetData 方法，它會填入一個 DataSet 物件、在資料集中加入一個 DataRelation 物件，以及繫結 BindingSource 元件。請確認有將 connectionString 變數設定為您資料庫的適當值。

安全性注意事項：
在連接字串內儲存機密資訊 (例如密碼) 會影響應用程式的安全性。使用 Windows 驗證 (也稱為整合式安全性) 是控制資料庫存取的更安全方式。如需詳細資訊，請參閱保護連接資訊 (ADO.NET)。

Private Sub GetData()

    Try
        ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        ' database accessible to your system.
        Dim connectionString As String = _
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" & _
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"
        Dim connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)

        ' Create a DataSet.
        Dim data As New DataSet()
        data.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture

        ' Add data from the Customers table to the DataSet.
        Dim masterDataAdapter As _
            New SqlDataAdapter("select * from Customers", connection)
        masterDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Customers")

        ' Add data from the Orders table to the DataSet.
        Dim detailsDataAdapter As _
            New SqlDataAdapter("select * from Orders", connection)
        detailsDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Orders")

        ' Establish a relationship between the two tables.
        Dim relation As New DataRelation("CustomersOrders", _
            data.Tables("Customers").Columns("CustomerID"), _
            data.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustomerID"))
        data.Relations.Add(relation)

        ' Bind the master data connector to the Customers table.
        masterBindingSource.DataSource = data
        masterBindingSource.DataMember = "Customers"

        ' Bind the details data connector to the master data connector,
        ' using the DataRelation name to filter the information in the 
        ' details table based on the current row in the master table. 
        detailsBindingSource.DataSource = masterBindingSource
        detailsBindingSource.DataMember = "CustomersOrders"
    Catch ex As SqlException
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " & _
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " & _
            "valid for your system.")
    End Try

End Sub

private void GetData()
{
    try
    {
        // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        // database accessible to your system.
        String connectionString =
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";
        SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);

        // Create a DataSet.
        DataSet data = new DataSet();
        data.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;

        // Add data from the Customers table to the DataSet.
        SqlDataAdapter masterDataAdapter = new
            SqlDataAdapter("select * from Customers", connection);
        masterDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Customers");

        // Add data from the Orders table to the DataSet.
        SqlDataAdapter detailsDataAdapter = new
            SqlDataAdapter("select * from Orders", connection);
        detailsDataAdapter.Fill(data, "Orders");

        // Establish a relationship between the two tables.
        DataRelation relation = new DataRelation("CustomersOrders",
            data.Tables["Customers"].Columns["CustomerID"],
            data.Tables["Orders"].Columns["CustomerID"]);
        data.Relations.Add(relation);

        // Bind the master data connector to the Customers table.
        masterBindingSource.DataSource = data;
        masterBindingSource.DataMember = "Customers";

        // Bind the details data connector to the master data connector,
        // using the DataRelation name to filter the information in the 
        // details table based on the current row in the master table. 
        detailsBindingSource.DataSource = masterBindingSource;
        detailsBindingSource.DataMember = "CustomersOrders";
    }
    catch (SqlException)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
            "valid for your system.");
    }
}

為表單中將 DataGridView 控制項繫結至 BindingSource 元件的 Load 事件實作一個處理常式，並且呼叫 GetData 方法。下列範例中包含了根據所顯示的資料調整 DataGridView 資料行大小的程式碼。

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles Me.Load

    ' Bind the DataGridView controls to the BindingSource
    ' components and load the data from the database.
    masterDataGridView.DataSource = masterBindingSource
    detailsDataGridView.DataSource = detailsBindingSource
    GetData()

    ' Resize the master DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded data.
    masterDataGridView.AutoResizeColumns()

    ' Configure the details DataGridView so that its columns automatically
    ' adjust their widths when the data changes.
    detailsDataGridView.AutoSizeColumnsMode = _
        DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells

End Sub

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    // Bind the DataGridView controls to the BindingSource
    // components and load the data from the database.
    masterDataGridView.DataSource = masterBindingSource;
    detailsDataGridView.DataSource = detailsBindingSource;
    GetData();

    // Resize the master DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded data.
    masterDataGridView.AutoResizeColumns();

    // Configure the details DataGridView so that its columns automatically
    // adjust their widths when the data changes.
    detailsDataGridView.AutoSizeColumnsMode = 
        DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCells;
}

測試應用程式

您現在可以測試表單以確定它的行為表現如預期般。

若要測試表單

編譯及執行應用程式。

您將看到兩個重疊的 DataGridView 控制項。位於上方的是來自 Northwind Customers 資料表的客戶名稱，而位於下方的則是與上方所選取客戶對應的 Orders。每當您在上方的 DataGridView 中選取不同的資料列，下方 DataGridView 中的內容就會隨之變更。

後續步驟

這個應用程式讓您對 DataGridView 控制項的功能有了初步的了解。您可以用許多方式來自訂 DataGridView 控制項的外觀和行為：

變更框線和行首樣式。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：變更 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中的框線和格線樣式。
啟用或限制使用者對 DataGridView 控制項的輸入。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：防止在 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中新增和刪除資料列和 HOW TO：使 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中的資料行成為唯讀。
驗證使用者在 DataGridView 控制項中輸入的資料。如需詳細資訊，請參閱逐步解說：驗證 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中的資料。
在處理大量資料時使用虛擬模式。如需詳細資訊，請參閱逐步解說：在 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中實作虛擬模式。
自訂儲存格的外觀。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：在 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中自訂儲存格的外觀和 HOW TO：設定 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項的預設儲存格樣式。

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