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11/18/2011

String.LastIndexOf Method (String, Int32, StringComparison)

Microsoft Silverlight will reach end of support after October 2021. Learn more.

Updated: October 2010

Reports the zero-based index of the last occurrence of a specified string within the current String object. Parameters specify the starting search position in the current string, and type of search to use for the specified string.

Namespace: System
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Syntax

'Declaration
Public Function LastIndexOf ( _
    value As String, _
    startIndex As Integer, _
    comparisonType As StringComparison _
) As Integer

public int LastIndexOf(
    string value,
    int startIndex,
    StringComparison comparisonType
)

Parameters

value
Type: System.String
The string to seek.

startIndex
Type: System.Int32
The search starting position.

comparisonType
Type: System.StringComparison
One of the enumeration values that specifies the rules for the search.

Return Value

Type: System.Int32
The zero-based index position of the value parameter if that string is found, or -1 if it is not found or if the current instance equals String.Empty. If value is String.Empty, the return value is the smaller of startIndex and the last index position in this instance.

Exceptions

Exception	Condition
ArgumentNullException	value is nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
ArgumentOutOfRangeException	The current instance does not equal String.Empty, and startIndex is less than zero or greater than the length of the current instance. -or- The current instance equals String.Empty, and startIndex is greater than zero.
ArgumentException	comparisonType is not a valid System.StringComparison value.

ArgumentNullException

value is nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

The current instance does not equal String.Empty, and startIndex is less than zero or greater than the length of the current instance.

-or-

The current instance equals String.Empty, and startIndex is greater than zero.

ArgumentException

comparisonType is not a valid System.StringComparison value.

Remarks

Index numbering starts from zero. That is, the first character in the string is at index zero, and the last is at Length - 1.

The comparisonType parameter specifies to search for the value parameter using the current or invariant culture, using a case-sensitive or case-insensitive search, and using word or ordinal comparison rules.

The search begins at the startIndex character position and proceeds backward until either value is found or the first character position has been examined. For example, if startIndex is Length - 1, the method searches every character from the last character in the string to the beginning.

Platform Notes

Silverlight for Windows Phone

String.LastIndexOf(String, Int32, StringComparison) method returns incorrect values when the string contains Unicode characters.

Examples

The following code example demonstrates three overloads of the LastIndexOf method that find the last occurrence of a string within another string using different values of the StringComparison enumeration.

' This code example demonstrates the 
' System.String.LastIndexOf(String, ..., StringComparison) methods.

Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Globalization

Class Example
   Public Shared Sub Demo(ByVal outputBlock As System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock)
      Dim intro As String = "Find the last occurrence of a character using different " & _
                            "values of StringComparison."
      Dim resultFmt As String = "Comparison: {0,-28} Location: {1,3}"

      ' Define a string to search for.
      ' U+00c5 = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
      Dim CapitalAWithRing As String = "Å"

      ' Define a string to search. 
      ' The result of combining the characters LATIN SMALL LETTER A and COMBINING 
      ' RING ABOVE (U+0061, U+030a) is linguistically equivalent to the character 
      ' LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE (U+00e5).
      Dim cat As String = "A Cheshire c" & "å" & "t"
      Dim loc As Integer = 0
      Dim scValues As StringComparison() = { _
                      StringComparison.CurrentCulture, _
                      StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase, _
                      StringComparison.InvariantCulture, _
                      StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase, _
                      StringComparison.Ordinal, _
                      StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase}
      Dim sc As StringComparison

      ' Display an introduction.
      outputBlock.Text &= intro & vbCrLf

      ' Display the current culture because culture affects the result. For example, 
      ' try this code example with the "sv-SE" (Swedish-Sweden) culture.
      Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = New CultureInfo("en-US")
      outputBlock.Text &= String.Format("The current culture is ""{0}"" - {1}.", _
                         Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name, _
                         Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.DisplayName) & vbCrLf

      ' Display the string to search for and the string to search.
      outputBlock.Text &= String.Format("Search for the string ""{0}"" in the string ""{1}""", _
                         CapitalAWithRing, cat) & vbCrLf
      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf

      ' Note that in each of the following searches, we look for 
      ' LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE in a string that contains 
      ' LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE. A result value of -1 indicates 
      ' the string was not found.
      ' Search using different values of StringComparsion. Specify the start 
      ' index and count. 
      outputBlock.Text &= "Part 1: Start index and count are specified." & vbCrLf
      For Each sc In scValues
         loc = cat.LastIndexOf(CapitalAWithRing, cat.Length - 1, cat.Length, sc)
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format(resultFmt, sc, loc) & vbCrLf
      Next sc

      ' Search using different values of StringComparsion. Specify the 
      ' start index. 
      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf & "Part 2: Start index is specified." & vbCrLf
      For Each sc In scValues
         loc = cat.LastIndexOf(CapitalAWithRing, cat.Length - 1, sc)
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format(resultFmt, sc, loc) & vbCrLf
      Next sc

      ' Search using different values of StringComparsion. 
      outputBlock.Text &= vbCrLf & "Part 3: Neither start index nor count is specified." & vbCrLf
      For Each sc In scValues
         loc = cat.LastIndexOf(CapitalAWithRing, sc)
         outputBlock.Text &= String.Format(resultFmt, sc, loc) & vbCrLf
      Next sc

   End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Sample

'
'Note: This code example was executed on a console whose user interface 
'culture is "en-US" (English-United States).
'
'This code example produces the following results:
'
'Find the last occurrence of a character using different values of StringComparison.
'The current culture is "en-US" - English (United States).
'Search for the string "Å" in the string "A Cheshire ca°t"
'
'Part 1: Start index and count are specified.
'Comparison: CurrentCulture               Location:  -1
'Comparison: CurrentCultureIgnoreCase     Location:  12
'Comparison: InvariantCulture             Location:  -1
'Comparison: InvariantCultureIgnoreCase   Location:  12
'Comparison: Ordinal                      Location:  -1
'Comparison: OrdinalIgnoreCase            Location:  -1
'
'Part 2: Start index is specified.
'Comparison: CurrentCulture               Location:  -1
'Comparison: CurrentCultureIgnoreCase     Location:  12
'Comparison: InvariantCulture             Location:  -1
'Comparison: InvariantCultureIgnoreCase   Location:  12
'Comparison: Ordinal                      Location:  -1
'Comparison: OrdinalIgnoreCase            Location:  -1
'
'Part 3: Neither start index nor count is specified.
'Comparison: CurrentCulture               Location:  -1
'Comparison: CurrentCultureIgnoreCase     Location:  12
'Comparison: InvariantCulture             Location:  -1
'Comparison: InvariantCultureIgnoreCase   Location:  12
'Comparison: Ordinal                      Location:  -1
'Comparison: OrdinalIgnoreCase            Location:  -1
'

// This code example demonstrates the 
// System.String.LastIndexOf(String, ..., StringComparison) methods.

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Globalization;

class Example
{
   public static void Demo(System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock outputBlock)
   {
      string intro = "Find the last occurrence of a character using different " +
                     "values of StringComparison.";
      string resultFmt = "Comparison: {0,-28} Location: {1,3}";

      // Define a string to search for.
      // U+00c5 = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
      string CapitalAWithRing = "\u00c5";

      // Define a string to search. 
      // The result of combining the characters LATIN SMALL LETTER A and COMBINING 
      // RING ABOVE (U+0061, U+030a) is linguistically equivalent to the character 
      // LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE (U+00e5).
      string cat = "A Cheshire c" + "\u0061\u030a" + "t";
      int loc = 0;
      StringComparison[] scValues = {
        StringComparison.CurrentCulture,
        StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase,
        StringComparison.InvariantCulture,
        StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase,
        StringComparison.Ordinal,
        StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase };

      // Display an introduction.
      outputBlock.Text += intro + "\n";

      // Display the current culture because culture affects the result. For example, 
      // try this code example with the "sv-SE" (Swedish-Sweden) culture.

      Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo("en-US");
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("The current culture is \"{0}\" - {1}.",
                         Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name,
                         Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.DisplayName) + "\n";

      // Display the string to search for and the string to search.
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("Search for the string \"{0}\" in the string \"{1}\"",
                         CapitalAWithRing, cat) + "\n";
      outputBlock.Text += "\n";

      // Note that in each of the following searches, we look for 
      // LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE in a string that contains 
      // LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE. A result value of -1 indicates 
      // the string was not found.
      // Search using different values of StringComparsion. Specify the start 
      // index and count. 

      outputBlock.Text += "Part 1: Start index and count are specified." + "\n";
      foreach (StringComparison sc in scValues)
      {
         loc = cat.LastIndexOf(CapitalAWithRing, cat.Length - 1, cat.Length, sc);
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format(resultFmt, sc, loc) + "\n";
      }

      // Search using different values of StringComparsion. Specify the 
      // start index. 
      outputBlock.Text += "\nPart 2: Start index is specified." + "\n";
      foreach (StringComparison sc in scValues)
      {
         loc = cat.LastIndexOf(CapitalAWithRing, cat.Length - 1, sc);
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format(resultFmt, sc, loc) + "\n";
      }

      // Search using different values of StringComparsion. 
      outputBlock.Text += "\nPart 3: Neither start index nor count is specified." + "\n";
      foreach (StringComparison sc in scValues)
      {
         loc = cat.LastIndexOf(CapitalAWithRing, sc);
         outputBlock.Text += String.Format(resultFmt, sc, loc) + "\n";
      }
   }
}

/*
Note: This code example was executed on a console whose user interface 
culture is "en-US" (English-United States).

This code example produces the following results:

Find the last occurrence of a character using different values of StringComparison.
The current culture is "en-US" - English (United States).
Search for the string "Å" in the string "A Cheshire ca°t"

Part 1: Start index and count are specified.
Comparison: CurrentCulture               Location:  -1
Comparison: CurrentCultureIgnoreCase     Location:  12
Comparison: InvariantCulture             Location:  -1
Comparison: InvariantCultureIgnoreCase   Location:  12
Comparison: Ordinal                      Location:  -1
Comparison: OrdinalIgnoreCase            Location:  -1

Part 2: Start index is specified.
Comparison: CurrentCulture               Location:  -1
Comparison: CurrentCultureIgnoreCase     Location:  12
Comparison: InvariantCulture             Location:  -1
Comparison: InvariantCultureIgnoreCase   Location:  12
Comparison: Ordinal                      Location:  -1
Comparison: OrdinalIgnoreCase            Location:  -1

Part 3: Neither start index nor count is specified.
Comparison: CurrentCulture               Location:  -1
Comparison: CurrentCultureIgnoreCase     Location:  12
Comparison: InvariantCulture             Location:  -1
Comparison: InvariantCultureIgnoreCase   Location:  12
Comparison: Ordinal                      Location:  -1
Comparison: OrdinalIgnoreCase            Location:  -1

*/

Version Information

Silverlight

Supported in: 5, 4, 3

Silverlight for Windows Phone

Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0

XNA Framework

Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0

Platforms

For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.

Change History

Date	History	Reason
October 2010	Noted that an exception is not thrown for an empty string if the index parameter is invalid.	Content bug fix.

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