使用 IRow::GetColumns 提取資料行 (OLE DB)
適用於：
SQL Server Azure SQL 資料 Azure SQL 受控執行個體 Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)
IRow 介面允許直接存取結果集中單一資料列的資料行。 因此，IRow 是從包含一個資料列之結果集擷取資料行的有效方式。
您可取得程式碼範例，該範例會示範如何使用 IRow 來擷取單一資料列。 在此範例中，系統會從資料列一次擷取一個資料行。 此範例會示範：
如何提取資料行的群組 (依序)。
如何存取兩次資料行。 第一次會先取得實際的資料行寬度，然後再存取實際的資料。 在 DBCOLUMNACCESS 結構中，若 pData 為 NULL，cbMaxLen 為 0，則呼叫 IRow->GetColumns() 時，將只會傳回實際的資料行長度。 此時，只要對相同的資料行，再次呼叫 IRow->GetColumns()，就能擷取實際的資料。
重要
盡可能使用 Windows 驗證。 如果無法使用 Windows 驗證，請提示使用者在執行階段輸入認證。 請避免將認證儲存在檔案中。 如果您必須保存認證，則應該用 Win32 crypto API 加密這些認證。
使用 IRow::GetColumns 提取資料行
建立資料來源的連接。
執行命令 (在下列範例中，ICommandExecute::Execute() 是使用 IID_IRow 呼叫的)。
執行 IRow::GetColumns() 來提取所產生之資料列中的一或多個資料行。 如果您要在提取資料前尋找實際的資料行大小，將 DBCOLUMNACCESS 中的 pData 設定為 NULL。 IRow::GetColumns() 的呼叫僅會傳回資料行寬度。 IRow::GetColumns() 的另一個呼叫將會提取資料。
執行 IRow::GetColumns()，直到存取所需的所有資料行為止。 資料行必須依序進行存取。
範例
此範例顯示如何使用 IRow 介面，允許直接存取結果集中單一資料列的資料行。 此範例會示範：
如何依序提取資料行的群組。
如何存取資料行兩次：第一次會先取得實際的資料行寬度，然後再存取實際的資料。
在 DBCOLUMNACCESS 結構中，若 pData 為 NULL，cbMaxLen 為 0，則呼叫 IRow>GetColumns 時，將只會傳回實際的資料行長度。 此時，只要對相同的資料行，再次呼叫 IRow->GetColumns，就能擷取實際的資料。 IA64 不支援此範例。
本文 Transact-SQL 程式碼範例使用 AdventureWorks2022 或 AdventureWorksDW2022 範例資料庫，從 Microsoft SQL Server Samples 和 Community Projects （Microsoft SQL Server 範例和社群專案）首頁即可下載。
第一個 (Transact-SQL) 程式碼清單會建立此範例所使用的資料表。
使用 ole32.lib oleaut32.lib 編譯並執行第二個 (C++) 程式碼清單。 此應用程式會連線至電腦的預設 SQL Server 執行個體。 在某些 Windows 作業系統上，您必須將 (localhost) 或 (local) 變更為 SQL Server 執行個體的名稱。 若要連線到具名執行個體，請將連接字串從 L"(local)" 變更為 L"(local)\\name"，其中 name 是具名執行個體。 根據預設，SQL Server Express 會安裝至具名執行個體。 請確認您的 INCLUDE 環境變數包含的目錄內含 msoledbsql.h。
第三個 (Transact-SQL) 程式碼清單會刪除此範例所使用的資料表。
use AdventureWorks2022;
go
if exists (select name from sysobjects where name = 'MyTable')
drop table MyTable
go
create table MyTable
(
col1 int,
col2 varchar(50),
col3 char(50),
col4 datetime,
col5 float,
col6 money,
col7 sql_variant,
col8 binary(50),
col9 text,
col10 image
)
go
insert into MyTable
values
(
10,
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
'11/1/1999 11:52 AM',
3.14,
99.95,
convert(nchar(50), N'AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUvWxYz'),
0x123456789,
replicate('AAAAABBBBB', 500),
replicate(0x123456789, 500)
)
Go
// compile with: ole32.lib oleaut32.lib
#define DBINITCONSTANTS
#define OLEDBVER 0x0250 // to include correct interfaces
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <oledb.h>
#include <msoledbsql.h>
using namespace std;
int InitializeAndEstablishConnection();
HRESULT GetColumnSize(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol);
ULONG PrintData(ULONG iCols, ULONG iStart, DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo, DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns);
HRESULT GetColumns(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iStart, ULONG iEnd);
IDBInitialize* pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties* pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession* pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand* pIDBCreateCommand = NULL;
ICommandText* pICommandText = NULL;
IRow * pIRow = NULL;
DBCOLUMNINFO* pDBColumnInfo = NULL;
IAccessor* pIAccessor = NULL;
DBPROP InitProperties[4];
DBPROPSET rgInitPropSet[1];
ULONG i, j;
HRESULT hresult;
DBROWCOUNT cNumRows = 0;
ULONG lNumCols;
WCHAR* pStringsBuffer;
DBBINDING* pBindings;
ULONG ConsumerBufColOffset = 0;
HACCESSOR hAccessor;
ULONG lNumRowsRetrieved;
HROW hRows[10];
HROW* pRows = &hRows[0];
int main() {
ULONG iidx = 0;
WCHAR* wCmdString = OLESTR(" SELECT * FROM MyTable");
// Call a function to initialize and establish connection.
if (InitializeAndEstablishConnection() == -1) {
cout << "Failed to initialize and establish connection.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Create a session object.
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface (
IID_IDBCreateSession, (void**) &pIDBCreateSession))) {
cout << "Failed to obtain IDBCreateSession interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
if (FAILED(pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession( NULL, IID_IDBCreateCommand, (IUnknown**) &pIDBCreateCommand))) {
cout << "pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession failed.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Access the ICommandText interface.
if (FAILED(pIDBCreateCommand->CreateCommand( NULL, IID_ICommandText, (IUnknown**) &pICommandText))) {
cout << "Failed to access ICommand interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Use SetCommandText() to specify the command text.
if (FAILED(pICommandText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_DBSQL, wCmdString))) {
cout << "Failed to set command text.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Fetch columns 1-5 and then 6-10 and display the contents
if (FAILED(hresult = pICommandText->Execute(NULL, IID_IRow, NULL, &cNumRows, (IUnknown **) &pIRow))) {
cout << "Failed to execute command.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, 1, 5);
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, 6, 10);
hresult = pIRow->Release();
// Execute the command.
if (FAILED(hresult = pICommandText->Execute(NULL, IID_IRow, NULL, &cNumRows, (IUnknown **) &pIRow))) {
cout << "Failed to execute command.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Get columns
for ( iidx = 1 ; iidx <= 10 ; iidx++ ) {
if (FAILED(hresult = GetColumnSize(pIRow, iidx))) {
cout << "Failed to get column size.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, iidx, iidx);
}
pIRow->Release();
// Release memory.
pICommandText->Release();
pIDBCreateCommand->Release();
pIDBCreateSession->Release();
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize())) {
// Uninitialize not required, but fails if an interface has not been released. Can be used for debugging.
cout << "Problem uninitializing.\n";
}
pIDBInitialize->Release();
// Release the COM library.
CoUninitialize();
return 0;
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL InitColumn(DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCol, DBCOLUMNINFO* pInfo) {
// If text or image column is being read,in which case the max possible length of a value is
// the column is hugh,we will limit that size to 512 bytes (for illustration purposes).
DBLENGTH ulSize = (pInfo->ulColumnSize < 0x7fffffff) ? pInfo->ulColumnSize : 512;
// Verify dta buffer is large enough.
if (pCol->cbMaxLen < (ulSize + 1)) {
if (pCol->pData) {
delete [] pCol->pData;
pCol->pData = NULL;
}
// Allocate data buffer
void * p = pCol->pData = new WCHAR[ulSize + 1];
if (!(p /* pCol->pData = new WCHAR[ulSize + 1] */ ))
return FALSE;
// set the max length of caller-initialized memory.
pCol->cbMaxLen = sizeof(WCHAR) * (ulSize + 1);
// In the above 2 steps, pData is pointing to memory (it is not NULL) and cbMaxLen has a value
// (not 0), so next call to IRow->GetData() will read the data from the column.
}
// Clear memory buffer
ZeroMemory((void*) pCol->pData, pCol->cbMaxLen);
// Set properties.
pCol->wType = DBTYPE_WSTR;
pCol->columnid = pInfo->columnid;
pCol->cbDataLen = 0;
pCol->dwStatus = 0;
pCol->dwReserved = 0;
pCol->bPrecision = 0;
pCol->bScale = 0;
return TRUE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT GetColumns(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iStart, ULONG iEnd) {
// Start and end are same. Thus, get only one column.
HRESULT hr;
ULONG iidx; // loop counter
DBORDINAL cColumns; // Count of columns
ULONG cUserCols; // Count of user columns
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo; // Column of info. array
OLECHAR* pColNames; // Array of column names
DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns; // Ptr to column access structures array
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCurrCol;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo = NULL;
// Initialize
cColumns = 0;
prgInfo = NULL;
pColNames = NULL;
prgColumns = NULL;
printf("Retrieving data\n");
// Get column info to build column access array
hr = pUnkRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**)&pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
printf("In GetColumns(), Columns= %d\n", cColumns);
// Determine no. of columns to retrieve. Since iEnd and iStart is same, this is redundent step.
// cUserCols will always be 1.
cUserCols = iEnd - iStart + 1;
// Walk list of columns and setup a DBCOLUMNACCESS structure
if (!(prgColumns= new DBCOLUMNACCESS[cUserCols])) { // cUserCols is only 1
hr = E_FAIL;
goto CLEANUP;
}
ZeroMemory((void*) prgColumns, sizeof(DBCOLUMNACCESS) * cUserCols);
for ( iidx = 0 ; iidx < cUserCols ; iidx++ ) {
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iidx + iStart - 1;
pCurrCol = prgColumns + iidx;
// Here the values of DBCOLUMNACCESS elements is set (pData and cbMaxLen)Thus IRow->GetColumns()
// will return actual data.
if (InitColumn(pCurrCol, pCurrInfo) == FALSE)
goto CLEANUP;
}
hr = pUnkRow->GetColumns(cUserCols, prgColumns); // cUserCols = 1
if (FAILED(hr))
printf("Error occurred\n");
// Show data.
PrintData(cUserCols, iStart, prgInfo, prgColumns);
CLEANUP:
if (pIColumnsInfo)
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
if (prgColumns)
delete [] prgColumns;
return hr;
}
// This function returns the actual width of the data in the column (not the columnwidth in
// DBCOLUMNFO structure which is the width of the column)
HRESULT GetColumnSize(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol) {
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBORDINAL cColumns = 0; // Count the columns
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo; // Column info array
OLECHAR* pColNames;
DBCOLUMNACCESS column;
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo = NULL;
// Initialize
prgInfo = NULL;
pColNames = NULL;
printf("Checking column size\n");
// Get column info to build column access array
hr = pUnkRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**) &pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
printf("Value of cColumns is %d\n", cColumns);
// Setup a DBCOLUMNACCESS structure: Here pData is set to NULL and cbMaxLen is set to 0. Thus
// IRow->GetColumns() returns only the actual column length in cbDataLen member of DBCOLUMNACCESS
// structure. In this case you can call IRow->GetColumns() again for the same column to retrieve
// actual data in the second call.
ZeroMemory((void*) &column, sizeof(DBCOLUMNACCESS));
column.pData = NULL;
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iCol - 1;
// Get the column id in DBCOLUMNACCESS structure. It is then used in GetColumn().
column.columnid = pCurrInfo->columnid;
printf("column.columnid value is %d\n", column.columnid);
// We know which column to get. The column.columnid gives the column no.
hr = pUnkRow->GetColumns(1, &column);
if (FAILED(hr))
printf("Errors occurred\n");
// Show data
PrintData(1, iCol, prgInfo, &column);
CLEANUP:
if (pIColumnsInfo)
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
return hr;
}
BOOL GetStatus(DWORD dwStatus, WCHAR* pwszStatus) {
switch (dwStatus) {
case DBSTATUS_S_OK:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_S_OK");
break;
case DBSTATUS_E_UNAVAILABLE:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_E_UNAVAILABLE");
break;
case DBSTATUS_S_TRUNCATED:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_S_TRUNCATED");
break;
}
return TRUE;
}
ULONG PrintData(ULONG iCols, ULONG iStart, DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo, DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns) {
WCHAR wszStatus[255];
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCurrCol;
ULONG iidx;
printf("No. Name Status Length Max Data\n");
for ( iidx = 0 ; iidx < iCols ; iidx++ ) {
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iidx + iStart - 1;
pCurrCol = prgColumns + iidx;
GetStatus(pCurrCol->dwStatus, wszStatus);
// was the data successfully retrieved?
wprintf(L"%-3d %-*s %-20s %-3d %-3d %-20s\n", iStart+iidx,
10,
pCurrInfo->pwszName,
wszStatus,
pCurrCol->cbDataLen,
pCurrCol->cbMaxLen,
(WCHAR*) pCurrCol->pData);
}
wprintf(L"\n");
return iidx;
}
int InitializeAndEstablishConnection() {
// Initialize the COM library.
CoInitialize(NULL);
// Obtain access to the MSOLEDBSQL provider.
hresult = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_MSOLEDBSQL,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize,
(void **) &pIDBInitialize);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
printf("Failed to get IDBInitialize interface.\n");
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Initialize the property values needed to establish the connection.
for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
VariantInit(&InitProperties[i].vValue);
// Server name.
InitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
InitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"(local)");
InitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;
// Database.
InitProperties[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;
InitProperties[1].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[1].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"AdventureWorks");
InitProperties[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[1].colid = DB_NULLID;
InitProperties[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_INTEGRATED;
InitProperties[2].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[2].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"SSPI");
InitProperties[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[2].colid = DB_NULLID;
// Now that the properties are set, construct the DBPROPSET structure (rgInitPropSet). The DBPROPSET
// structure is used to pass an array of DBPROP structures (InitProperties) to the SetProperties method.
rgInitPropSet[0].guidPropertySet= DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
rgInitPropSet[0].cProperties = 4;
rgInitPropSet[0].rgProperties = InitProperties;
// Set initialization properties.
hresult = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties, (void **)&pIDBProperties);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
cout << "Failed to get IDBProperties interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
hresult = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, rgInitPropSet);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
cout << "Failed to set initialization properties.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
pIDBProperties->Release();
// Now establish the connection to the data source.
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Initialize()))
cout << "Problem establishing connection to the data source.\n";
return 0;
}
use AdventureWorks2022;
go
if exists (select name from sysobjects where name = 'MyTable')
drop table MyTable
go