存取目前交易
適用於:SQL Server
如果交易在 SQL Server 上執行的 Common Language Runtime (CLR) 程式代碼輸入時為作用中,交易會透過 System.Transactions.Transaction 類別公開。 Transaction.Current 屬性可用來存取目前的交易。 在大部分情況下,不需要明確存取交易。 針對資料庫連接,ADO.NET 會在呼叫 Connection.Open 方法時自動檢查 Transaction.Current,並透明地登記該交易中的連接(除非 enlist 關鍵詞在 連接字串 中設定為 false)。
您可能會想要直接在下列案例中使用 Transaction 物件:
如果您想要編列未自動登記的資源,或基於某些原因未在初始化期間登記。
如果您想要在交易中明確登記資源。
如果您想要從預存程式或函式內終止外部交易。 在這裡情況下,您會使用 TransactionScope。 例如,下列程式代碼會回復目前的交易:
using(TransactionScope transactionScope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOptions.Required)) { }
本主題的其餘部分說明其他取消外部交易的方式。
取消外部交易
您可以透過下列方式,從 Managed 程式或函式取消外部交易:
Managed 程式或函式可以使用輸出參數傳回值。 呼叫 Transact-SQL 程式可以檢查傳回的值,如果適當的話,請執行 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION。
Managed 程式或函式可以擲回自定義例外狀況。 呼叫 Transact-SQL 程式可以攔截 Managed 程式或函式在 try/catch 區塊中擲回的例外狀況,並執行 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION。
如果符合特定條件,Managed 程式或函式可以呼叫 Transaction.Rollback 方法來取消目前的交易。
在 Managed 程式或函式內呼叫時, Transaction.Rollback 方法會擲回例外狀況,並出現模棱兩可的錯誤訊息,而且可以包裝在 try/catch 區塊中。 錯誤訊息類似下列內容:
Msg 3994, Level 16, State 1, Procedure uspRollbackFromProc, Line 0
Transaction is not allowed to roll back inside a user defined routine, trigger or aggregate because the transaction is not started in that CLR level. Change application logic to enforce strict transaction nesting.
這是預期的例外狀況,而且需要 try/catch 區塊,程式代碼執行才能繼續。 如果沒有 try/catch 區塊,例外狀況將會立即擲回至呼叫的 Transact-SQL 程式,且 Managed 程式代碼執行將會完成。 當 Managed 程式代碼完成執行時,會引發另一個例外狀況:
Msg 3991, Level 16, State 1, Procedure uspRollbackFromProc, Line 1
The context transaction which was active before entering user defined routine, trigger or aggregate " uspRollbackFromProc " has been ended inside of it, which is not allowed. Change application logic to enforce strict transaction nesting. The statement has been terminated.
此例外狀況也是預期的,而且若要繼續執行,您必須在 Transact-SQL 語句周圍有 try/catch 區塊,以執行引發觸發程式的動作。 儘管擲回了兩個例外狀況,但交易會回復,而且不會認可變更。
範例
以下是使用 Transaction.Rollback 方法從 Managed 程式復原之交易的範例。 請注意 Managed 程式代碼中 Transaction.Rollback 方法周圍的 try/catch 區塊。 Transact-SQL 腳本會建立元件和受控預存程式。 請注意, EXEC uspRollbackFromProc 語句會包裝在 try/catch 區塊中,讓 Managed 程式完成執行時擲回的例外狀況。
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
using System.Transactions;
public partial class StoredProcedures
{
[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlProcedure]
public static void uspRollbackFromProc()
{
using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(@"context connection=true"))
{
// Open the connection.
connection.Open();
bool successCondition = true;
// Success condition is met.
if (successCondition)
{
SqlContext.Pipe.Send("Success condition met in procedure.");
// Perform other actions here.
}
// Success condition is not met, the transaction will be rolled back.
else
{
SqlContext.Pipe.Send("Success condition not met in managed procedure. Transaction rolling back...");
try
{
// Get the current transaction and roll it back.
Transaction trans = Transaction.Current;
trans.Rollback();
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
// Catch the expected exception.
// This allows the connection to close correctly.
}
}
// Close the connection.
connection.Close();
}
}
};
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Server
Imports System.Transactions
Partial Public Class StoredProcedures
<Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlProcedure()> _
Public Shared Sub uspRollbackFromProc ()
Using connection As New SqlConnection("context connection=true")
' Open the connection.
connection.Open()
Dim successCondition As Boolean
successCondition = False
' Success condition is met.
If successCondition Then
SqlContext.Pipe.Send("Success condition met in procedure.")
' Success condition is not met, the transaction will be rolled back.
Else
SqlContext.Pipe.Send("Success condition not met in managed procedure. Transaction rolling back...")
Try
' Get the current transaction and roll it back.
Dim trans As Transaction
trans = Transaction.Current
trans.Rollback()
Catch ex As SqlException
' Catch the exception instead of throwing it.
' This allows the connection to close correctly.
End Try
End If
' Close the connection.
connection.Close()
End Using
End Sub
End Class
Transact-SQL
--Register assembly.
CREATE ASSEMBLY TestProcs FROM 'C:\Programming\TestProcs.dll'
Go
CREATE PROCEDURE uspRollbackFromProc AS EXTERNAL NAME TestProcs.StoredProcedures.uspRollbackFromProc
Go
-- Execute procedure.
BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRANSACTION
-- Perform other actions.
Exec uspRollbackFromProc
-- Perform other actions.
PRINT N'Commiting transaction...'
COMMIT TRANSACTION
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNum, ERROR_MESSAGE() AS ErrorMessage
PRINT N'Exception thrown, rolling back transaction.'
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
PRINT N'Transaction rolled back.'
END CATCH
Go
-- Clean up.
DROP Procedure uspRollbackFromProc;
Go
DROP ASSEMBLY TestProcs;
Go