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判斷哪些查詢持有鎖定

適用於:SQL Server Azure SQL 資料庫

資料庫管理員經常需要識別阻礙資料庫效能的鎖定來源。

例如,您懷疑伺服器上的效能問題可能是由鎖定造成。 當您查詢 sys.dm_exec_requests 時,您發現有數個工作階段處於已暫停模式,而且其等候類型指示鎖定是正在等候的資源。

您查詢 sys.dm_tran_locks,而結果顯示有許多鎖定尚未處理,但是被授與鎖定的工作階段並沒有任何使用中的要求顯示在 sys.dm_exec_requests 中。

這個範例所示範的方法可決定哪一個查詢取得鎖定、查詢的計畫,以及取得鎖定時的 Transact-SQL 堆疊。 這個範例也會示範如何將配對目標用於擴充的事件工作階段中。

完成這項工作需要在 SQL Server Management Studio 中使用查詢編輯器來進行以下程序。

注意

這個範例會使用 AdventureWorks 資料庫。

判斷哪些查詢持有鎖定

  1. 在查詢編輯器中,發出下列陳述式。

    -- Perform cleanup.   
    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.server_event_sessions WHERE name='FindBlockers')  
        DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
    GO  
    -- Use dynamic SQL to create the event session and allow creating a -- predicate on the AdventureWorks database id.  
    --  
    DECLARE @dbid int  
    
    SELECT @dbid = db_id('AdventureWorks')  
    
    IF @dbid IS NULL  
    BEGIN  
        RAISERROR('AdventureWorks is not installed. Install AdventureWorks before proceeding', 17, 1)  
        RETURN  
    END  
    
    DECLARE @sql nvarchar(1024)  
    SET @sql = '  
    CREATE EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
    ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_acquired   
        (action   
            ( sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.database_id, sqlserver.tsql_stack,  
             sqlserver.plan_handle, sqlserver.session_id)  
        WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0)   
        ),  
    ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_released   
        (WHERE ( database_id=' + cast(@dbid as nvarchar) + ' AND resource_0!=0 ))  
    ADD TARGET package0.pair_matching   
        ( SET begin_event=''sqlserver.lock_acquired'',   
                begin_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'',   
                end_event=''sqlserver.lock_released'',   
                end_matching_columns=''database_id, resource_0, resource_1, resource_2, transaction_id, mode'',  
        respond_to_memory_pressure=1)  
    WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)'  
    
    EXEC (@sql)  
    --   
    -- Create the metadata for the event session  
    -- Start the event session  
    --  
    ALTER EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
    STATE = START  
    
  2. 在伺服器上執行工作負載之後,請在查詢編輯器中發出下列陳述式,以尋找仍然持有鎖定的查詢。

    --  
    -- The pair matching targets report current unpaired events using   
    -- the sys.dm_xe_session_targets dynamic management view (DMV)  
    -- in XML format.  
    -- The following query retrieves the data from the DMV and stores  
    -- key data in a temporary table to speed subsequent access and  
    -- retrieval.  
    --  
    SELECT   
    objlocks.value('(action[@name="session_id"]/value)[1]', 'int')  
            AS session_id,  
        objlocks.value('(data[@name="database_id"]/value)[1]', 'int')   
            AS database_id,  
        objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_type"]/text)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)' )   
            AS resource_type,  
        objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_0"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
            AS resource_0,  
        objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_1"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
            AS resource_1,  
        objlocks.value('(data[@name="resource_2"]/value)[1]', 'bigint')   
            AS resource_2,  
        objlocks.value('(data[@name="mode"]/text)[1]', 'nvarchar(50)')   
            AS mode,  
        objlocks.value('(action[@name="sql_text"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)')   
            AS sql_text,  
        CAST(objlocks.value('(action[@name="plan_handle"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml)   
            AS plan_handle,      
        CAST(objlocks.value('(action[@name="tsql_stack"]/value)[1]', 'varchar(MAX)') AS xml)   
            AS tsql_stack  
    INTO #unmatched_locks  
    FROM (  
        SELECT CAST(xest.target_data as xml)   
            lockinfo  
        FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets xest  
        JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions xes ON xes.address = xest.event_session_address  
        WHERE xest.target_name = 'pair_matching' AND xes.name = 'FindBlockers'  
    ) heldlocks  
    CROSS APPLY lockinfo.nodes('//event[@name="lock_acquired"]') AS T(objlocks)  
    
    --  
    -- Join the data acquired from the pairing target with other   
    -- DMVs to return provide additional information about blockers  
    --  
    SELECT ul.*  
        FROM #unmatched_locks ul  
        INNER JOIN sys.dm_tran_locks tl ON ul.database_id = tl.resource_database_id AND ul.resource_type = tl.resource_type  
        WHERE resource_0 IS NOT NULL  
        AND session_id IN   
            (SELECT blocking_session_id FROM sys.dm_exec_requests WHERE blocking_session_id != 0)  
        AND tl.request_status='wait'  
        AND REPLACE(ul.mode, 'LCK_M_', '' ) = tl.request_mode  
    
    
  3. 在識別問題之後,請卸除任何暫存資料表和事件工作階段。

    DROP TABLE #unmatched_locks  
    DROP EVENT SESSION FindBlockers ON SERVER  
    

注意

上述 Transact-SQL 程式碼範例會在內部部署 SQL Server 上執行,但可能無法在 Azure SQL Database 上執行。範例的核心部分會直接涉及事件,例如 ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_acquired 在 Azure SQL Database 上執行工作。 但是初步項目 (例如 sys.server_event_sessions) 必須編輯至其 Azure SQL Database 對應項 (例如 sys.database_event_sessions),才能執行範例。 如需 SQL Server 內部部署與 Azure SQL Database 之間次要差異的詳細資訊,請參閱下列文章:

另請參閱

CREATE EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
ALTER EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
DROP EVENT SESSION (Transact-SQL)
sys.dm_xe_session_targets (Transact-SQL)
sys.dm_xe_sessions (Transact-SQL)