備份和還原資料庫與交易記錄

適用於：SQL ServerAzure SQL 資料庫 Azure SQL 受控執行個體 Azure Synapse Analytics

在 SMO 中，類別 Backup 和 Restore 類別是公用程式類別，可提供工具來完成備份和還原的特定工作。 Backup物件代表所需的特定備份工作，而不是伺服器實例上Microsoft SQL Server 物件。

如果發生數據遺失或損毀，則必須完整或部分還原備份。 部分還原會 FileGroupCollection 使用集合來分割要還原的數據。 如果備份是事務歷史記錄檔，則可以使用 ToPointInTime 物件的 屬性 Restore ，將數據還原到特定時間點。 您也可以使用 SqlVerify 方法來驗證數據。 建議的備份程式是執行還原作業並定期檢查資料庫中的數據，以檢查備份的完整性。

Backup如同 物件，Restore物件不需要使用 Create 方法來建立，因為它不代表 SQL Server 實例上的任何物件。 對像是 Restore 一組用來還原資料庫的屬性和方法。

範例

若要使用提供的任何程式代碼範例，您必須選擇程式設計環境、程式設計範本，以及用來建立應用程式的程式設計語言。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 在Visual Studio .NET 中建立Visual C# SMO 專案。

在 Visual Basic 中備份資料庫和事務歷史記錄

此程式代碼範例示範如何將現有的資料庫備份至檔案，以及如何還原它。

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic.MyServices  
  
Module SMO_VBBackup3  
  
    Sub Main()  
        'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
        Dim srv As Server  
        srv = New Server  
  
        'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
        Dim db As Database  
        db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
  
        'Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
        Dim recoverymod As Integer  
        recoverymod = db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
        'Define a Backup object variable.   
        Dim bk As New Backup  
  
        'Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.  
        bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database  
        bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022"  
        bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks 2022 Backup"  
        bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.  
        Dim bdi As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdi = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
        bk.Incremental = False  
  
        'Set the expiration date.  
        Dim backupdate As New Date  
        backupdate = New Date(2006, 10, 5)  
        bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate  
  
        'Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
        bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
        Dim t As Table  
        t = New Table(db, "test_table")  
        Dim c As Column  
        c = New Column(t, "col", DataType.Int)  
        t.Columns.Add(c)  
        t.Create()  
  
        'Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
        Dim bdid As BackupDeviceItem  
        bdid = New BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File)  
  
        'Add the device to the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
        bk.Incremental = True  
  
        'Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
        bk.SqlBackup(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Backup object.  
        bk.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Drop()  
  
        'Define a Restore object variable.  
        Dim rs As Restore  
        rs = New Restore  
  
        'Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
        rs.NoRecovery = True  
  
        'Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdi)  
  
        'Specify the database name.  
        rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022"  
  
        'Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device from the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdi)  
  
        'Set te NoRecovery property to False.  
        rs.NoRecovery = False  
  
        'Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
        rs.Devices.Add(bdid)  
  
        'Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
        rs.SqlRestore(srv)  
  
        'Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
        Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.")  
  
        'Remove the device.  
        rs.Devices.Remove(bdid)  
  
        'Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = recoverymod  
  
        'Drop the table that was added.  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Tables("test_table").Drop()  
        srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022").Alter()  
  
        'Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Full_Backup1")  
        My.Computer.FileSystem.DeleteFile("C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.12\MSSQL\Backup\Test_Differential_Backup1")  
    End Sub  
End Module  

在 Visual C 中備份資料庫和事務歷史記錄#

此程式代碼範例示範如何將現有的資料庫備份至檔案，以及如何還原它。

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.   
      Database db = default(Database);  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Store the current recovery model in a variable.   
      int recoverymod;  
      recoverymod = (int)db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel;  
  
      // Define a Backup object variable.   
      Backup bk = new Backup();  
  
      // Specify the type of backup, the description, the name, and the database to be backed up.   
      bk.Action = BackupActionType.Database;  
      bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks2022";  
      bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks2022 Backup";  
      bk.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor, and the type of device is a file.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdi = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdi = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Full_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdi);  
      // Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.   
      bk.Incremental = false;  
  
      // Set the expiration date.   
      System.DateTime backupdate = new System.DateTime();  
      backupdate = new System.DateTime(2006, 10, 5);  
      bk.ExpirationDate = backupdate;  
  
      // Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.   
      bk.LogTruncation = BackupTruncateLogType.Truncate;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the backup has been completed.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Full Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the backup device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.   
      Table t = default(Table);  
      t = new Table(db, "test_table");  
      Column c = default(Column);  
      c = new Column(t, "col", DataType.Int);  
      t.Columns.Add(c);  
      t.Create();  
  
      // Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.   
      BackupDeviceItem bdid = default(BackupDeviceItem);  
      bdid = new BackupDeviceItem("Test_Differential_Backup1", DeviceType.File);  
  
      // Add the device to the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.   
      bk.Incremental = true;  
  
      // Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.   
      bk.SqlBackup(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Backup complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device from the Backup object.   
      bk.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Delete the AdventureWorks2022 database before restoring it  
      // db.Drop();  
  
      // Define a Restore object variable.  
      Restore rs = new Restore();  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.   
      rs.NoRecovery = true;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdi);  
  
      // Specify the database name.   
      rs.Database = "AdventureWorks2022";  
  
      // Restore the full database backup with no recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.   
      Console.WriteLine("Full Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // reacquire a reference to the database  
      db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Remove the device from the Restore object.  
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdi);  
  
      // Set the NoRecovery property to False.   
      rs.NoRecovery = false;  
  
      // Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.   
      rs.Devices.Add(bdid);  
  
      // Restore the differential database backup with recovery.   
      rs.SqlRestore(srv);  
  
      // Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.   
      System.Console.WriteLine("Differential Database Restore complete.");  
  
      // Remove the device.   
      rs.Devices.Remove(bdid);  
  
      // Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
      db.RecoveryModel = (RecoveryModel)recoverymod;  
  
      // Drop the table that was added.   
      db.Tables["test_table"].Drop();  
      db.Alter();  
  
      // Remove the backup files from the hard disk.  
      // This location is dependent on the installation of SQL Server  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Full_Backup1");  
      System.IO.File.Delete("C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\\MSSQL\\Backup\\Test_Differential_Backup1");  
   }  
}  

在 PowerShell 中備份資料庫和事務歷史記錄

此程式代碼範例示範如何將現有的資料庫備份至檔案，以及如何還原它。

#Backing up and restoring a Database from PowerShell  
  
#Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
  
#Get a server object which corresponds to the default instance  
$srv = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Server  
  
#Reference the AdventureWorks database.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
  
#Store the current recovery model in a variable.  
$recoverymod = $db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel  
  
#Create a Backup object  
$bk = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Backup  
  
#set to backup the database  
$bk.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database  
  
#Set back up properties  
$bk.BackupSetDescription = "Full backup of AdventureWorks"  
$bk.BackupSetName = "AdventureWorks Backup"  
$bk.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
  
#Declare a BackupDeviceItem by supplying the backup device file name in the constructor,   
#and the type of device is a file.  
$dt = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DeviceType]::File  
$bdi = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_FullBackup1", $dt  
  
#Add the device to the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to False to specify that this is a full database backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $false  
  
#Set the expiration date.  
$bk.ExpirationDate = get-date "10/05/2006"  
  
#Specify that the log must be truncated after the backup is complete.  
$bk.LogTruncation = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupTruncateLogType]::Truncate  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the full database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the backup has been completed.  
"Full Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the backup device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Make a change to the database, in this case, add a table called test_table.  
$t = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Table -argumentlist $db, "test_table"  
$type = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.DataType]::int  
$c = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Column -argumentlist $t, "col", $type       
$t.Columns.Add($c)  
$t.Create()  
  
#Create another file device for the differential backup and add the Backup object.  
# $dt is file backup device  
$bdid = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupDeviceItem `  
-argumentlist "Test_DifferentialBackup1", $dt  
#Add this device to the backup set  
$bk.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Set the Incremental property to True for a differential backup.  
$bk.Incremental = $true  
  
#Run SqlBackup to perform the incremental database backup on the instance of SQL Server.  
$bk.SqlBackup($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential backup is complete.  
"Differential Backup complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Backup object.  
$bk.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Delete the AdventureWorks database before restoring it.  
$db.Drop()  
  
#Define a Restore object variable.  
$rs = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.Restore  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to true, so the transactions are not recovered.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $true  
  
#Add the device that contains the full database backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdi)  
  
#Specify the database name.  
$rs.Database = "AdventureWorks"  
#Restore the full database backup with no recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the Full Database Restore is complete.  
"Full Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device from the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdi)  
  
#Set the NoRecovery property to False.  
$rs.NoRecovery = $false  
  
#Add the device that contains the differential backup to the Restore object.  
$rs.Devices.Add($bdid)  
  
#Restore the differential database backup with recovery.  
$rs.SqlRestore($srv)  
  
#Inform the user that the differential database restore is complete.  
"Differential Database Restore complete."  
  
#Remove the device.  
$rs.Devices.Remove($bdid)  
  
#Set the database recovery model back to its original value.  
$db = $srv.Databases["AdventureWorks"]  
$db.DatabaseOptions.RecoveryModel = $recoverymod  
  
#Drop the table that was added.  
$db.Tables["test_table"].Drop()  
$db.Alter()  
  
#Delete the backup files - the exact location depends on your installation  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_FullBackup1"  
del "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Backup\Test_DifferentialBackup1"  

在 Visual Basic 中執行資料庫完整性檢查

SQL Server 提供數據完整性檢查。 此程式代碼範例會在指定的資料庫上執行資料庫一致性類型檢查。 在此範例中，CheckTables會使用 ，但CheckAllocationsCheckCatalog、 或 CheckIdentityValues 可以類似地使用。

注意

物件 StringCollection 需要使用語句來參考命名空間 imports System.Collections.Specialized 。

Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo  
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common  
Imports System.Collections.Specialized  
Module S  
   Sub Main()  
      'Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.  
      Dim srv As Server  
      srv = New Server  
      'Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.  
      Dim db As Database  
      db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks2022")  
      'Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.  
      Dim sc As StringCollection  
      'Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.  
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None)  
      Dim c As Integer  
      For c = 0 To sc.Count - 1  
         Console.WriteLine(sc.Item(c))  
      Next  
   End Sub  
End Module  

在 Visual C 中執行資料庫完整性檢查#

SQL Server 提供數據完整性檢查。 此程式代碼範例會在指定的資料庫上執行資料庫一致性類型檢查。 在此範例中，CheckTables會使用 ，但CheckAllocationsCheckCatalog、 或 CheckIdentityValues 可以類似地使用。

注意

物件 StringCollection 需要使用語句來參考命名空間 imports System.Collections.Specialized 。

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;  
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;  
using System;  
  
class A {  
   public static void Main() {  
      // Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.   
      Server srv = new Server();  
  
      // Reference the AdventureWorks2022 database.             
      Database db = srv.Databases["AdventureWorks2022"];  
  
      // Note, to use the StringCollection type the System.Collections.Specialized system namespace must be included in the imports statements.   
      System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection sc;  
  
      // Run the CheckTables method and display the results from the returned StringCollection variable.   
      sc = db.CheckTables(RepairType.None);  
  
      foreach (string c in sc) {  
         Console.WriteLine(c);  
      }  
   }  
}  

在 PowerShell 中執行資料庫完整性檢查

SQL Server 提供數據完整性檢查。 此程式代碼範例會在指定的資料庫上執行資料庫一致性類型檢查。 在此範例中，CheckTables會使用 ，但CheckAllocationsCheckCatalog、 或 CheckIdentityValues 可以類似地使用。

注意

物件 StringCollection 需要使用語句來參考命名空間 imports System.Collections.Specialized 。

# Set the path context to the local, default instance of SQL Server and get a reference to AdventureWorks2022  
CD \sql\localhost\default\databases  
$db = get-item AdventureWorks2022  
  
$sc = $db.CheckTables([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.RepairType]::None)  
foreach ($c in $sc)  
{  
    $c  
 }