建置並執行 Java 應用程式的容器映像
在此單元中，您會建置並執行容器映像。 正如您稍早所學到，映像的執行中執行個體是容器。
建置容器映像
既然您已成功建構 Dockerfile，您可以指示 Docker 為您建置容器映射。
備註
請確定您的 Docker 執行時間已設定為建置 Linux 容器。 此設定很重要，因為我們使用的 Dockerfile 引用了用於 Linux 架構的容器映像（JDK/JRE）。
您用來建置容器映像的命令是 docker build。 您可以使用 -t 自變數來指定容器標籤，而 . 是 Docker 尋找 Dockerfile 的位置。 執行下列命令：
docker build -t flightbookingsystemsample .
下列輸出是典型的：
docker build -t flightbookingsystemsample .
[+] Building 45.2s (18/18) FINISHED docker:desktop-linux
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 2.07kB 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for mcr.microsoft.com/openjdk/jdk:17-ubuntu 0.7s
=> [internal] load metadata for mcr.microsoft.com/openjdk/jdk:17-mariner 0.8s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.4s
=> => transferring context: 9.89MB 0.4s
=> [stage-2 1/4] FROM mcr.microsoft.com/openjdk/jdk:17-mariner@sha256:79****************************************f1ee692d5b8c36f0824510 15.9s
=> => resolve mcr.microsoft.com/openjdk/jdk:17-mariner@sha256:796b833b91****************************************5b8c36f0824510 0.0s
...
=> => extracting sha256:8f818432a4****************************************1791ae8c3b79ca 2.4s
=> => extracting sha256:1820580505****************************************087e3a0df74b60 7.1s
=> [build 1/7] FROM mcr.microsoft.com/openjdk/jdk:17-ubuntu@sha256:7982bc2eb79838d70bcc025371c514b7f7fde75f9981906c65eff04e9170627e 15.5s
=> => resolve mcr.microsoft.com/openjdk/jdk:17-ubuntu@sha256:7982bc2eb79838d70bcc025371c514b7f7fde75f9981906c65eff04e9170627e 0.0s
...
=> => extracting sha256:6414378b64****************************************b23a54cb3684ac 2.4s
=> => extracting sha256:8debc97485****************************************80f38d9f1cb399 6.5s
=> [build 2/7] WORKDIR /build 0.4s
=> [tomcat 2/2] RUN apt-get update ; apt-get install -y curl ; curl -O https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-10/v10.1.33/bin/apache-tomcat-10.1.33.tar.gz ; tar xzf apache-tomcat-10.1.33.tar. 23.4s
=> [build 3/7] RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y maven && mvn --version 14.5s
=> [build 4/7] COPY pom.xml . 0.0s
=> [build 5/7] COPY src ./src 0.0s
=> [build 6/7] COPY web ./web 0.1s
=> [build 7/7] RUN mvn clean package 13.4s
=> [stage-2 2/4] COPY --chown=app:app --from=tomcat /usr/local/tomcat /usr/local/tomcat 0.2s
=> [stage-2 3/4] COPY --chown=app:app tomcat-users.xml /usr/local/tomcat/conf 0.0s
=> [stage-2 4/4] COPY --chown=app:app --from=build /build/target/*.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/AirlinesReservationSample.war 0.1s
=> exporting to image 0.2s
=> => exporting layers 0.1s
=> => writing image sha256:43d4ab3ab0****************************************c4807bce5af7b4 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/flightbookingsystemsample
多階段組建可有效率地處理程式。 具體而言，沒有相依性的進程會以平行方式執行。 例如，在此情況下，在階段 0 中下載 Tomcat，而第 1 階段中 Maven 的安裝和編譯是獨立的進程。 因此，當您執行 docker build時，會同時執行Tomcat進程和 Maven 程式。 不過，最後階段會從階段 0 和階段 1 複製成品，因此在先前的程式完成之前，無法執行成品。 因此，最後階段會等候先前的進程完成，並在可能執行時繼續進行。
此外，如果您編輯程式原始碼的一部分並再次執行 docker build ，您可以預期程式會比第一次完成更快。 容器的設計目的是使用具有快取的圖層結構，而未變更的圖層會從快取重複使用。 例如，如果 Java、Tomcat 或 Maven 版本沒有任何變更，則會重複使用先前下載的映像。 在修改原始程式碼時，只需更新流程的後半部分，即涉及替換原始程式碼並重建專案以替換構建產物的部分。 請留意如何撰寫 Docker 命令，以盡可能重複使用快取來有效率地建置。
Docker 也可以顯示常駐的可用映像，這有助於檢視可供執行的內容。 執行下列命令：
docker images
下列輸出是典型的：
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
flightbookingsystemsample latest 43d4ab3ab045 30 minutes ago 475MB
執行容器映像檔
既然您已成功建置容器映射，就可以執行它。
您可以使用 docker run 命令來執行容器映像。 -p ####:#### 引數會在執行階段將 localhost HTTP 流量 (冒號之前的第一個連接埠) 轉送至容器 (冒號後面的第二個連接埠)。 Dockerfile 會指定 Tomcat 應用程式伺服器正在接聽連接埠 8080 上的 HTTP 流量。 因此，這是您需要公開的容器連接埠。 最後，您需要映像標籤 flightbookingsystemsample 來告知 Docker 要執行的映像。 執行下列命令：
docker run -p 8080:8080 flightbookingsystemsample
下列輸出是典型的：
docker run -p 8080:8080 flightbookingsystemsample
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/10.1.33
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.236 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Nov 7 2024 22:28:55 UTC
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.236 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 10.1.33.0
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.237 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.237 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 6.10.11-linuxkit
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.237 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.238 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/lib/jvm/msopenjdk-17
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.238 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 17.0.13+11-LTS
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.238 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Microsoft
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.238 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.239 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.262 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.262 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.263 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.264 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.264 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.265 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.266 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.267 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.267 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.268 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.268 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.268 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.269 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.271 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows using OpenSSL was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.699 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.760 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [845] milliseconds
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.855 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.855 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.33]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:12.891 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/AirlinesReservationSample.war]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:15.150 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
15-Nov-2024 12:11:17.112 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.server.MonitorBase.createRoot Metro monitoring rootname successfully set to: com.sun.metro:pp=/,type=WSEndpoint,name=/AirlinesReservationSample-PriceAndSeats-PriceAndSeatsPort
15-Nov-2024 12:11:17.400 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletDelegate.<init> WSSERVLET14: XML-WS servlet initializing
WARNING:Error in the metadata of the table SEATS: table's row count in the metadata is 5 but 6 records have been found and loaded by UCanAccess. All will work fine, but it's better to repair your database.
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.281 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized WSSERVLET12: XML-WS context listener initializing
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.282 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized WSSERVLET12: XML-WS context listener initializing
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.320 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/AirlinesReservationSample.war] has finished in [5,428] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.322 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.363 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT] has finished in [40] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.363 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.404 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs] has finished in [41] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.406 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.716 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples] has finished in [310] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.717 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.753 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager] has finished in [37] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.754 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.795 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [40] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.802 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
15-Nov-2024 12:11:18.840 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [6079] milliseconds
開啟瀏覽器並進入位於 http://localhost:8080/AirlinesReservationSample/ 的航空預訂系統首頁。 您的瀏覽器看起來應該類似下列螢幕快照：
您可以選擇性地使用 來自tomcat-users.xml 的任何使用者登入 ，例如 someuser@azure.com: password。
若要停止容器，請在 CLI 內按 CTRL+C 。