將容器映像部署至 Azure Kubernetes Service
在此單元中，您會將容器映射部署至 Azure Kubernetes Service （AKS）。 使用 AKS，您可以設定 Kubernetes 叢集透過 部署以預期狀態執行，這是提供 Pod 和 ReplicaSet 宣告式更新的程式。 此狀態宣告會在指令清單 YAML 檔案中管理，而 Kubernetes 控制器會在指示時將目前狀態變更為宣告的狀態。 您可以建立此 deployment.yml 指令清單檔案，並指示您的 AKS 實例以預期狀態執行，並將 Pod 設定為提取並執行 flightbookingsystemsample 您在上一個單元中推送的 Azure 容器登錄中包含的容器映像。 如果沒有此指令清單檔案，您必須手動建立、更新和刪除 Pod，而不是讓 Kubernetes 協調程式。
備註
如果您的工作階段已閒置，或是在另一個時間點或從另一個 CLI 執行此步驟，您可能必須使用下列命令重新初始化環境變數並重新驗證：
export AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP=java-containerization-demo-rg
export AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY=<your-container-registry>
export AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER=java-containerization-demo-aks
export AZ_LOCATION=<your-Azure-region>
export AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER_DNS_PREFIX=<your-unique-DNS-prefix-to-access-your-AKS-cluster>
az login
az acr login --name $AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY
部署容器映像
現在，您會將 flightbookingsystemsample 容器映射部署至 AKS 叢集。 在專案的根資料夾中， Flight-Booking-System-JavaServlets_App/Project/Airlines，使用下列命令建立名為 deployment.yml 的檔案：
vi deployment.yml
將下列內容新增至 deployment.yml，然後儲存並結束。 請務必將 <AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY> 佔位元取代為您稍早設定之 AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY 環境變數值的值。 若要儲存並結束，請按 ESC，輸入 ：wq！，然後按 Enter。
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: flightbookingsystemsample
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flightbookingsystemsample
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: flightbookingsystemsample
spec:
containers:
- name: flightbookingsystemsample
image: <AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY>.azurecr.io/flightbookingsystemsample:latest
resources:
requests:
cpu: "1"
memory: "1Gi"
limits:
cpu: "2"
memory: "2Gi"
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: flightbookingsystemsample
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
ports:
- port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
selector:
app: flightbookingsystemsample
備註
您可以選擇性地在專案的根資料夾中使用 deployment_solution.yml 檔案，其中包含您需要的內容。 您可能會發現更輕鬆重新命名或更新該檔案的內容。
在上述 deployment.yml中，檔案包含部署和服務。 部署可用來管理一組 Pod，而服務則用來允許對 Pod 的網路存取。 Pod 會設定為從 Azure Container Registry 提取單一映射 <AZ_CONTAINER_REGISTRY>.azurecr.io/flightbookingsystemsample:latest。 此服務設定為允許埠 8080 的連入 HTTP Pod 流量，類似於您在本機使用 -p 埠自變數執行容器映像的方式。
如果部署成功，您現在有 AKS 叢集。 設定您的 Azure CLI，以透過 kubectl 命令存取您的 AKS 叢集。 使用下列命令在本機安裝 kubectl ：
az aks install-cli
使用下列命令設定 kubectl 以連線到您的 AKS 叢集：
az aks get-credentials \
--resource-group $AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP \
--name $AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER
下列輸出是典型的：
Merged AZ_KUBERNETES_CLUSTER as current context in ~/.kube/config
使用 AKS，使用下列命令將 deployment.yml 變更套用至叢集：
kubectl apply -f deployment.yml
下列輸出是典型的：
deployment.apps/flightbookingsystemsample created
service/flightbookingsystemsample created
使用下列命令監視部署的狀態：
kubectl get all
下列輸出是典型的：
kubectl get all
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/flightbookingsystemsample-b7fd6684f-4j8vf 1/1 Running 0 37s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/flightbookingsystemsample LoadBalancer 10.0.62.153 <external-IP> 8080:30534/TCP 37s
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 11h
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/flightbookingsystemsample 1/1 1 1 37s
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/flightbookingsystemsample-b7fd6684f 1 1 1 37s
POD如果您的狀態為 Running，則應該可以存取應用程式。 使用下列命令檢視每個 Pod 內的應用程式記錄：
kubectl logs pod/flightbookingsystemsample-<pod-identifier-from-your-running-pod>
下列輸出是典型的：
kubectl logs pod/flightbookingsystemsample-b7fd6684f-4j8vf
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.208 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/10.1.33
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.211 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Nov 7 2024 22:28:55 UTC
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 10.1.33.0
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 5.15.0-1074-azure
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.212 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/lib/jvm/msopenjdk-17
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 17.0.13+11-LTS
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Microsoft
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.216 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.226 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.226 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.227 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.228 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.228 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.228 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.229 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.231 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows using OpenSSL was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.565 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.602 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [616] milliseconds
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.658 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.659 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.33]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:51.689 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deploying web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/AirlinesReservationSample.war]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:53.264 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
15-Nov-2024 12:31:55.155 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.server.MonitorBase.createRoot Metro monitoring rootname successfully set to: com.sun.metro:pp=/,type=WSEndpoint,name=/AirlinesReservationSample-PriceAndSeats-PriceAndSeatsPort
15-Nov-2024 12:31:55.347 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletDelegate.<init> WSSERVLET14: XML-WS servlet initializing
WARNING:Error in the metadata of the table SEATS: table's row count in the metadata is 5 but 6 records have been found and loaded by UCanAccess. All will work fine, but it's better to repair your database.
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.248 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized WSSERVLET12: XML-WS context listener initializing
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.249 INFO [main] com.sun.xml.ws.transport.http.servlet.WSServletContextListener.contextInitialized WSSERVLET12: XML-WS context listener initializing
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.284 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR Deployment of web application archive [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/AirlinesReservationSample.war] has finished in [4,595] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.285 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.315 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs] has finished in [30] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.316 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples] has finished in [123] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.440 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.456 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager] has finished in [16] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.457 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.468 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT] has finished in [11] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.468 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.481 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [13] ms
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.484 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
15-Nov-2024 12:31:56.501 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [4897] milliseconds
EXTERNAL-IP使用輸出kubectl get services flightbookingsystemsample中的 來存取 AKS 內執行中的應用程式。 下列輸出是典型的：
kubectl get services flightbookingsystemsample
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
flightbookingsystemsample LoadBalancer 10.0.62.153 <external-IP> 8080:30534/TCP 3m28s
備註
將下列 URL 中的 IP 位址 <external-IP> 取代為您 EXTERNAL-IP 先前執行的指令中的值：
開啟瀏覽器，並瀏覽位於 http://<external-IP>:8080/AirlinesReservationSample/的航班預約系統範例登陸頁面。 您的瀏覽器看起來應該類似下列螢幕快照：
您可以選擇性地使用 來自tomcat-users.xml 的任何使用者登入 ，例如 someuser@azure.com: password。
清理資源
您在本課程模組中建立的資源可能會產生持續成本。 若要清除資源，請使用下列命令刪除包含這些資源的資源群組：
az group delete --name $AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP