使用高階輸入和輸出函式

重要

本文件說明已不再是生態系統 藍圖一部分的控制台平臺功能。 我們不建議您在新產品中使用此內容，但我們將繼續支持無限期的未來現有使用量。 我們慣用的新式解決方案著重於 虛擬終端機序列 ，以在跨平臺案例中達到最大相容性。 您可以在傳統 主控台與虛擬終端機 檔中找到此設計決策的詳細資訊。

下列範例會針對控制台 I/O 使用高階主控台 I/O 函式。 如需高階主控台 I/O 函式的詳細資訊，請參閱 高階主控台 I/O。

此範例假設預設 I/O 模式一開始會針對 ReadFile 和 WriteFile 函式的第一次呼叫生效。 然後，輸入模式會變更為針對 ReadFile 和 WriteFile 的第二次呼叫來開啟離線輸入模式和回應輸入模式。 SetConsoleTextAttribute 函式可用來設定後續寫入文字的色彩。 結束之前，程式會還原原始控制台輸入模式和色彩屬性。

停用行輸入模式時，會使用範例的 NewLine 函式。 它會藉由將游標位置移至下一個數據列的第一個儲存格來處理歸位。 如果游標已經位於控制台畫面緩衝區的最後一列，控制台畫面緩衝區的內容就會向上捲動一行。

#include <windows.h>

void NewLine(void);
void ScrollScreenBuffer(HANDLE, INT);

HANDLE hStdout, hStdin;
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo;

int main(void)
{
    LPSTR lpszPrompt1 = "Type a line and press Enter, or q to quit: ";
    LPSTR lpszPrompt2 = "Type any key, or q to quit: ";
    CHAR chBuffer[256];
    DWORD cRead, cWritten, fdwMode, fdwOldMode;
    WORD wOldColorAttrs;

    // Get handles to STDIN and STDOUT.

    hStdin = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    if (hStdin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ||
        hStdout == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("GetStdHandle"), TEXT("Console Error"),
            MB_OK);
        return 1;
    }

    // Save the current text colors.

    if (! GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hStdout, &csbiInfo))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo"),
            TEXT("Console Error"), MB_OK);
        return 1;
    }

    wOldColorAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes;

    // Set the text attributes to draw red text on black background.

    if (! SetConsoleTextAttribute(hStdout, FOREGROUND_RED |
            FOREGROUND_INTENSITY))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("SetConsoleTextAttribute"),
            TEXT("Console Error"), MB_OK);
        return 1;
    }

    // Write to STDOUT and read from STDIN by using the default
    // modes. Input is echoed automatically, and ReadFile
    // does not return until a carriage return is typed.
    //
    // The default input modes are line, processed, and echo.
    // The default output modes are processed and wrap at EOL.

    while (1)
    {
        if (! WriteFile(
            hStdout,               // output handle
            lpszPrompt1,           // prompt string
            lstrlenA(lpszPrompt1), // string length
            &cWritten,             // bytes written
            NULL) )                // not overlapped
        {
            MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("WriteFile"), TEXT("Console Error"),
                MB_OK);
            return 1;
        }

        if (! ReadFile(
            hStdin,    // input handle
            chBuffer,  // buffer to read into
            255,       // size of buffer
            &cRead,    // actual bytes read
            NULL) )    // not overlapped
        break;
        if (chBuffer[0] == 'q') break;
    }

    // Turn off the line input and echo input modes

    if (! GetConsoleMode(hStdin, &fdwOldMode))
    {
       MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("GetConsoleMode"), TEXT("Console Error"),
           MB_OK);
       return 1;
    }

    fdwMode = fdwOldMode &
        ~(ENABLE_LINE_INPUT | ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT);
    if (! SetConsoleMode(hStdin, fdwMode))
    {
       MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("SetConsoleMode"), TEXT("Console Error"),
           MB_OK);
       return 1;
    }

    // ReadFile returns when any input is available.  
    // WriteFile is used to echo input.

    NewLine();

    while (1)
    {
        if (! WriteFile(
            hStdout,               // output handle
            lpszPrompt2,           // prompt string
            lstrlenA(lpszPrompt2), // string length
            &cWritten,             // bytes written
            NULL) )                // not overlapped
        {
            MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("WriteFile"), TEXT("Console Error"),
                MB_OK);
            return 1;
        }

        if (! ReadFile(hStdin, chBuffer, 1, &cRead, NULL))
            break;
        if (chBuffer[0] == '\r')
            NewLine();
        else if (! WriteFile(hStdout, chBuffer, cRead,
            &cWritten, NULL)) break;
        else
            NewLine();
        if (chBuffer[0] == 'q') break;
    }

    // Restore the original console mode.

    SetConsoleMode(hStdin, fdwOldMode);

    // Restore the original text colors.

    SetConsoleTextAttribute(hStdout, wOldColorAttrs);

    return 0;
}

// The NewLine function handles carriage returns when the processed
// input mode is disabled. It gets the current cursor position
// and resets it to the first cell of the next row.

void NewLine(void)
{
    if (! GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hStdout, &csbiInfo))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo"),
            TEXT("Console Error"), MB_OK);
        return;
    }

    csbiInfo.dwCursorPosition.X = 0;

    // If it is the last line in the screen buffer, scroll
    // the buffer up.

    if ((csbiInfo.dwSize.Y-1) == csbiInfo.dwCursorPosition.Y)
    {
        ScrollScreenBuffer(hStdout, 1);
    }

    // Otherwise, advance the cursor to the next line.

    else csbiInfo.dwCursorPosition.Y += 1;

    if (! SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdout,
        csbiInfo.dwCursorPosition))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("SetConsoleCursorPosition"),
            TEXT("Console Error"), MB_OK);
        return;
    }
}

void ScrollScreenBuffer(HANDLE h, INT x)
{
    SMALL_RECT srctScrollRect, srctClipRect;
    CHAR_INFO chiFill;
    COORD coordDest;

    srctScrollRect.Left = 0;
    srctScrollRect.Top = 1;
    srctScrollRect.Right = csbiInfo.dwSize.X - (SHORT)x;
    srctScrollRect.Bottom = csbiInfo.dwSize.Y - (SHORT)x;

    // The destination for the scroll rectangle is one row up.

    coordDest.X = 0;
    coordDest.Y = 0;

    // The clipping rectangle is the same as the scrolling rectangle.
    // The destination row is left unchanged.

    srctClipRect = srctScrollRect;

    // Set the fill character and attributes.

    chiFill.Attributes = FOREGROUND_RED|FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
    chiFill.Char.AsciiChar = (char)' ';

    // Scroll up one line.

    ScrollConsoleScreenBuffer(
        h,               // screen buffer handle
        &srctScrollRect, // scrolling rectangle
        &srctClipRect,   // clipping rectangle
        coordDest,       // top left destination cell
        &chiFill);       // fill character and color
}