書簽事件

發行項
06/13/2023

書簽會識別通道或記錄檔中的事件。當您查詢或訂閱事件以開始從該書簽事件讀取事件時，可以使用書簽。通常您會在結果集中建立最後一個事件的書簽， (假設您已列舉結果集中的所有事件) 。

下列程式描述如何從事件建立書簽。

從事件建立書簽

呼叫 EvtCreateBookmark 函式來建立書簽。傳遞引數的 Null 。
呼叫 EvtUpdateBookmark 函式，以事件更新書簽。將控制碼傳遞至事件做為引數。
呼叫 EvtRender 函式，以建立代表書簽的 XML 字串。傳遞 EvtRenderBookmark 作為轉譯旗標。
例如，保存 XML 字串以供稍後使用 (，您可以在檔案或登錄) 中保存 XML 字串。

下列程式描述如何使用先前程式中保存的 XML 書簽字串來建立書簽。

使用 XML 書簽字串建立書簽

取得 XML 字串，表示您先前保存的書簽。
呼叫 EvtCreateBookmark 函式來建立書簽。傳遞引數的 XML 字串。

下列程式描述如何在查詢中使用書簽。

若要在查詢中使用書簽

呼叫 EvtQuery 函式以取得符合查詢的事件。
呼叫 EvtSeek 函 式以搜尋書簽事件。將控制碼傳遞至書簽和 EvtSeekRelativeToBookmark 旗標。
在迴圈中呼叫 EvtNext 函式，根據您在 EvtSeek) 中指定的位移，列舉在書簽事件之後開始的事件 (。

如需範例，請參閱在查詢中使用書簽。

下列程式說明如何在訂用帳戶中使用書簽。

若要在訂用帳戶中使用書簽

呼叫 EvtSubscribe 函式來訂閱符合查詢的事件。將控制碼傳遞至書簽和 EvtSubscribeStartAfterBookmark 旗標。
如果您實作 EVT_SUBSCRIBE_CALLBACK 函式，您的回呼將會收到在書簽事件之後開始的事件。
如果您未實作回呼，請在迴圈中呼叫 EvtNext 函式，以列舉書簽事件之後開始的事件。

如需範例，請參閱在訂用帳戶中使用書簽。

在查詢中使用書簽

下列範例示範如何在查詢中使用書簽。此範例會展開查詢事件中的範例。

// Enumerate all the events in the result set beginning with the bookmarked event. 
DWORD PrintResults(EVT_HANDLE hResults)
{
    DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    EVT_HANDLE hEvents[ARRAY_SIZE];
    DWORD dwReturned = 0;
    LPWSTR pwsBookmarkXml = NULL;
    EVT_HANDLE hBookmark = NULL;

    // Get the persisted bookmark XML string.
    pwsBookmarkXml = GetBookmarkedString();

    // If the bookmark string was persisted, create a bookmark and
    // seek to the bookmarked event in the result set.
    if (pwsBookmarkXml)
    {
        hBookmark = EvtCreateBookmark(pwsBookmarkXml);
        if (NULL == hBookmark)
        {
            wprintf(L"EvtCreateBookmark failed with %lu\n", GetLastError());
            goto cleanup;
        }

        if (!EvtSeek(hResults, 1, hBookmark, 0, EvtSeekRelativeToBookmark))
        {
            wprintf(L"EvtSeek failed with %lu\n", GetLastError());
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }

    // Enumerate the events in the result set after the bookmarked event.
    while (true)
    {
        if (!EvtNext(hResults, ARRAY_SIZE, hEvents, INFINITE, 0, &dwReturned))
        {
            if (ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS != (status = GetLastError()))
            {
                wprintf(L"EvtNext failed with %lu\n", status);
            }

            goto cleanup;
        }

        for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwReturned; i++)
        {
            if (status = PrintEvent(hEvents[i]))
            {
                EvtClose(hEvents[i]);
                hEvents[i] = NULL;
            }
            else
            {
                goto cleanup;
            }
        }
    }

cleanup:

    if (ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS == status)
    {
        // Get the last event in the result set, use it to create a
        // bookmark, render the bookmark as an XML string, and persist the string.
        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != (status = SaveBookmark(hResults)))
            wprintf(L"\nFailed to save bookmark\n");
    }
    else
    {
        for (DWORD i = 0; i < dwReturned; i++)
        {
            if (NULL != hEvents[i])
                EvtClose(hEvents[i]);
        }
    }

    if (pwsBookmarkXml)
        free(pwsBookmarkXml);

    return status;
}

// Get the bookmark XML string from wherever you persisted it.
LPWSTR GetBookmarkedString(void)
{
    LPWSTR pwsBookmarkXML = NULL;

    // TODO: Add the code to get the bookmark XML string from storage.

    return pwsBookmarkXML;
}


// Persist the bookmark XML string. This example assumes that we've read through
// the result set and are persisting the last event as the bookmark.
DWORD SaveBookmark(EVT_HANDLE hResults)
{
    DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    DWORD dwBufferSize = 0;
    DWORD dwBufferUsed = 0;
    DWORD dwPropertyCount = 0;
    DWORD dwReturned = 0;
    LPWSTR pBookmarkXml = NULL;
    EVT_HANDLE hBookmark = NULL;
    EVT_HANDLE hEvent = NULL;

    // Seek to the last event in the result set and get the event.
    if (!EvtSeek(hResults, 0, NULL, 0, EvtSeekRelativeToLast))
    {
        wprintf(L"EvtSeek failed with %lu\n", status = GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (!EvtNext(hResults, 1, &hEvent, INFINITE, 0, &dwReturned))
    {
        wprintf(L"EvtNext failed with %lu\n", status = GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }

    // Create a bookmark and update it with the last event in the result set.
    hBookmark = EvtCreateBookmark(NULL);
    if (NULL == hBookmark)
    {
        wprintf(L"EvtCreateBookmark failed with %lu\n", GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (!EvtUpdateBookmark(hBookmark, hEvent))
    {
        wprintf(L"EvtUpdateBookmark failed with %lu\n", GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }

    // Render the bookmark as an XML string that you can then persist.
    if (!EvtRender(NULL, hBookmark, EvtRenderBookmark, dwBufferSize, pBookmarkXml, &dwBufferUsed, &dwPropertyCount))
    {
        if (ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER == (status = GetLastError()))
        {
            dwBufferSize = dwBufferUsed;
            pBookmarkXml = (LPWSTR)malloc(dwBufferSize);
            if (pBookmarkXml)
            {
                EvtRender(NULL, hBookmark, EvtRenderBookmark, dwBufferSize, pBookmarkXml, &dwBufferUsed, &dwPropertyCount);
            }
            else
            {
                wprintf(L"malloc failed\n");
                status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
                goto cleanup;
            }
        }

        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != (status = GetLastError()))
        {
            wprintf(L"EvtRender failed with %d\n", GetLastError());
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }

    // TODO: Add code to persist bookmark XML string.

cleanup:

    if (pBookmarkXml)
        free(pBookmarkXml);

    if (hBookmark)
        EvtClose(hBookmark);

    if (hEvent)
        EvtClose(hEvent);

    return status;
}

在訂用帳戶中使用書簽

下列範例示範如何在發送訂閱中使用書簽。

#include <windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winevt.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "wevtapi.lib")

DWORD WINAPI SubscriptionCallback(EVT_SUBSCRIBE_NOTIFY_ACTION action, PVOID pContext, EVT_HANDLE hEvent);
DWORD PrintEvent(EVT_HANDLE hEvent);
EVT_HANDLE GetBookmark();
DWORD SaveBookmark(EVT_HANDLE hBookmark);


void main(void)
{
    DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    EVT_HANDLE hSubscription = NULL;
    EVT_HANDLE hBookmark = NULL;
    LPWSTR pwsPath = L"<channel name goes here>";
    LPWSTR pwsQuery = L"<xpath query goes here>";

    // Get the saved bookmark.
    hBookmark = GetBookmark();

    // Subscribe to existing and furture events beginning with the bookmarked event.
    // If the bookmark has not been persisted, pass an empty bookmark and the subscription
    // will begin with the second event that matches the query criteria.
    hSubscription = EvtSubscribe(NULL, NULL, pwsPath, pwsQuery, hBookmark, (PVOID)hBookmark, 
                                 (EVT_SUBSCRIBE_CALLBACK)SubscriptionCallback, EvtSubscribeStartAfterBookmark);
    if (NULL == hSubscription)
    {
        wprintf(L"EvtSubscribe failed with %lu.\n", GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }

    wprintf(L"Hit any key to quit\n\n");
    while (!_kbhit())
        Sleep(10);

    status = SaveBookmark(hBookmark);

cleanup:

    if (hSubscription)
        EvtClose(hSubscription);

    if (hBookmark)
        EvtClose(hBookmark);
 }


// The callback that receives the events that match the query criteria. Use the 
// context parameter to pass the handle to the bookmark, so you can update the bookmark
// with each event that you receive.
DWORD WINAPI SubscriptionCallback(EVT_SUBSCRIBE_NOTIFY_ACTION action, PVOID pContext, EVT_HANDLE hEvent)
{
    DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    EVT_HANDLE hBookmark = (EVT_HANDLE)pContext;

    switch(action)
    {
        // You should only get the EvtSubscribeActionError action if your subscription flags 
        // includes EvtSubscribeStrict and the channel contains missing event records.
        case EvtSubscribeActionError:
            if (ERROR_EVT_QUERY_RESULT_STALE == (DWORD)hEvent)
            {
                wprintf(L"The subscription callback was notified that event records are missing.\n");
                // Handle if this is an issue for your application.
            }
            else
            {
                wprintf(L"The subscription callback received the following Win32 error: %lu\n", (DWORD)hEvent);
            }

            break;

        case EvtSubscribeActionDeliver:
            if (ERROR_SUCCESS != (status = PrintEvent(hEvent)))
            {
                goto cleanup;
            }

            if (!EvtUpdateBookmark(hBookmark, hEvent))
            {
                wprintf(L"EvtUpdateBookmark failed with %lu\n", status = GetLastError());
                goto cleanup;
            }

            break;

        default:
            wprintf(L"SubscriptionCallback: Unknown action.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        // End subscription - Use some kind of IPC mechanism to signal
        // your application to close the subscription handle.
    }

    return status; // The service ignores the returned status.
}


EVT_HANDLE GetBookmark(void)
{
    DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    EVT_HANDLE hBookmark = NULL;
    LPWSTR pBookmarkXml = NULL;

    // Set pBookmarkXml to the XML string that you persisted in SaveBookmark.

    hBookmark = EvtCreateBookmark(pBookmarkXml);
    if (NULL == hBookmark)
    {
        wprintf(L"EvtCreateBookmark failed with %lu\n", GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }

cleanup:

    if (pBookmarkXml)
        free(pBookmarkXml);

    return hBookmark;
}


DWORD SaveBookmark(EVT_HANDLE hBookmark)
{
    DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    DWORD dwBufferSize = 0;
    DWORD dwBufferUsed = 0;
    DWORD dwPropertyCount = 0;
    LPWSTR pBookmarkXml = NULL;

    if (!EvtRender(NULL, hBookmark, EvtRenderBookmark, dwBufferSize, pBookmarkXml, &dwBufferUsed, &dwPropertyCount))
    {
        if (ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER == (status = GetLastError()))
        {
            dwBufferSize = dwBufferUsed;
            pBookmarkXml = (LPWSTR)malloc(dwBufferSize);
            if (pBookmarkXml)
            {
                EvtRender(NULL, hBookmark, EvtRenderBookmark, dwBufferSize, pBookmarkXml, &dwBufferUsed, &dwPropertyCount);
            }
            else
            {
                wprintf(L"malloc failed\n");
                status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
                goto cleanup;
            }
        }

        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != (status = GetLastError()))
        {
            wprintf(L"EvtRender failed with %d\n", status);
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }

    // Persist bookmark to a file or the registry.

cleanup:

    if (pBookmarkXml)
        free(pBookmarkXml);

    return status;
}


// Render the event as an XML string and print it.
DWORD PrintEvent(EVT_HANDLE hEvent)
{
    DWORD status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    DWORD dwBufferSize = 0;
    DWORD dwBufferUsed = 0;
    DWORD dwPropertyCount = 0;
    LPWSTR pRenderedContent = NULL;

    if (!EvtRender(NULL, hEvent, EvtRenderEventXml, dwBufferSize, pRenderedContent, &dwBufferUsed, &dwPropertyCount))
    {
        if (ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER == (status = GetLastError()))
        {
            dwBufferSize = dwBufferUsed;
            pRenderedContent = (LPWSTR)malloc(dwBufferSize);
            if (pRenderedContent)
            {
                EvtRender(NULL, hEvent, EvtRenderEventXml, dwBufferSize, pRenderedContent, &dwBufferUsed, &dwPropertyCount);
            }
            else
            {
                wprintf(L"malloc failed\n");
                status = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
                goto cleanup;
            }
        }

        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != (status = GetLastError()))
        {
            wprintf(L"EvtRender failed with %d\n", status);
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }

    wprintf(L"%s\n\n", pRenderedContent);

cleanup:

    if (pRenderedContent)
        free(pRenderedContent);

    return status;
}

共用方式為

書簽事件

在查詢中使用書簽

在訂用帳戶中使用書簽

意見反應

其他資源