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WMI 工作:計算機硬體

計算機硬體的 WMI 工作會取得硬體元件存在、狀態或屬性的相關信息。 例如,您可以判斷計算機是桌面計算機還是膝上型電腦。 如需其他範例,請參閱 TechNet ScriptCenter at https://www.microsoft.com/technet

本主題中顯示的腳本範例只會從本機計算機取得數據。 如需如何使用腳本從遠端電腦取得數據的詳細資訊,請參閱 連線 遠端電腦上的 WMI。

執行指令碼

下列程式描述如何執行腳本。

  1. 複製程序代碼,並將它儲存在擴展名為 .vbs 的檔案中,例如 filename.vbs。 請確定文字編輯器不會將 .txt 擴展名新增至檔案。
  2. 開啟命令提示字元視窗,並流覽至您儲存盤案的目錄。
  3. 在命令提示字元中輸入 cscript filename.vbs
  4. 如果您無法存取事件記錄檔,請檢查您是否正在從提高許可權的命令提示字元執行。 某些事件記錄檔,例如安全性事件記錄檔,可能會受到使用者 存取控制 (UAC) 的保護。

注意

根據預設,cscript 會在命令提示字元視窗中顯示文稿的輸出。 由於 WMI 命令稿可能會產生大量的輸出,因此您可能會想要將輸出重新導向至檔案。 在命令提示字元中輸入 cscript filename.vbs outfile.txt,將 filename.vbs > 腳本的輸出重新導向至 outfile.txt。

下表列出可用來從本機計算機取得各種數據類型的腳本範例。

如何… WMI 類別或方法
...判斷計算機有多少可用記憶體? 使用類別 Win32_OperatingSystemFreePhysicalMemory 屬性。
VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSettings = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem")
For Each objOperatingSystem in colSettings 
    Wscript.Echo "Available Physical Memory: " & objOperatingSystem.FreePhysicalMemory
Next
PowerShell
$mem = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem
"System : {0}" -f $mem.csname
"Free Memory: {0}" -f $mem.FreePhysicalMemory
...判斷計算機是否有 DVD 磁碟驅動器?

使用 Win32_CDROMDrive 類別,並檢查 NameDeviceID 屬性中的縮略字 DVD。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject( "winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_CDROMDrive")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objItem.Name 
Next
PowerShell
$drives = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_CDROMDrives
$drives | Format-Table DeviceID, Description, Name -autosize
...會決定電腦上安裝多少 RAM?

使用 Win32_ComputerSystem 類別,並檢查 TotalPhysicalMemory 屬性的值。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSettings = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem")
For Each objComputer in colSettings 
    Wscript.Echo "System Name: " & objComputer.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Total Physical Memory: " & objComputer.TotalPhysicalMemory
Next
PowerShell
$mem = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem
...判斷計算機是否有一個以上的處理器?

使用 Win32_ComputerSystem 類別和 NumberOfProcessors 屬性

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSettings = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem")
For Each objComputer in colSettings 
    Wscript.Echo "System Name: " & objComputer.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Number of Processors: " & objComputer.NumberOfProcessors
Next
PowerShell
"System Name : {0}" -f $system.Name
"Number of Processors: {0}" -f $system.NumberOfProcessors
...判斷計算機是否有PCMCIA插槽?

使用 Win32_PCMCIAController 類別,並檢查 Count 屬性的值。 如果 Count 為 0,則電腦沒有 PCMCIA 插槽。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_PCMCIAController")
Wscript.Echo "Number of PCMCIA slots: " & colItems.Count

PowerShell
$Pcmcia = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PCMCIAController 

if (!$pcmcia.count) { "Number of PCMCIA Slots: {0}" -f 1 }else { "Number of PCMCIA Slots: {0}" -f $pcmcia.count }

...識別無法運作的裝置(在 裝置管理員以驚嘆號圖示標示的裝置?

使用 Win32_PnPEntity 類別,並在您的 WQL 查詢中使用下列子句。 WHERE ConfigManagerErrorCode <> 0 請注意,此程式代碼可能不會偵測到遺漏驅動程式的 USB 裝置。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_PnPEntity WHERE ConfigManagerErrorCode <> 0")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Class GUID: " & objItem.ClassGuid
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Manufacturer: " & objItem.Manufacturer
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objItem.Name
    Wscript.Echo "PNP Device ID: " & objItem.PNPDeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Service: " & objItem.Service
Next
PowerShell
$baddevices = Get-WmiObject Win32_PNPEntity | where {$_.ConfigManagerErrorcode -ne 0}
" Total Bad devices: {0}" -f $baddevices.count
foreach ($device in $baddevices) {
    "Name : {0}" -f $device.name
    "Class Guid : {0}" -f $device.Classguid
    "Description : {0}" -f $device.Description
    "Device ID : {0}" -f $device.deviceid
    "Manufacturer : {0}" -f $device.manufactuer
    "PNP Devcice Id : {0}" -f $device.PNPDeviceID
    "Service Name : {0}" -f $device.service
    ""
}
...判斷計算機上所使用滑鼠的屬性?

使用 Win32_PointingDevice類別。 這會傳回所有指向裝置的屬性,而不只是滑鼠裝置。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_PointingDevice")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Device Interface: " & objItem.DeviceInterface
    Wscript.Echo "Double Speed Threshold: " & objItem.DoubleSpeedThreshold
    Wscript.Echo "Handedness: " & objItem.Handedness
    Wscript.Echo "Hardware Type: " & objItem.HardwareType
    Wscript.Echo "INF File Name: " & objItem.InfFileName
    Wscript.Echo "INF Section: " & objItem.InfSection
    Wscript.Echo "Manufacturer: " & objItem.Manufacturer
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objItem.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Number Of Buttons: " & objItem.NumberOfButtons
    Wscript.Echo "PNP Device ID: " & objItem.PNPDeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Pointing Type: " & objItem.PointingType
    Wscript.Echo "Quad Speed Threshold: " & objItem.QuadSpeedThreshold
    Wscript.Echo "Resolution: " & objItem.Resolution
    Wscript.Echo "Sample Rate: " & objItem.SampleRate
    Wscript.Echo "Synch: " & objItem.Synch
Next

PowerShell
# 取得滑鼠資訊 

$mouse = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PointingDevice

<# 譯碼譯碼#>

function Deviceinterface { param ($value) switch ($value) { 0 {“Other”} 1 {“Unknown”} 3 {“Serial”} 4 {“PS/2”} 5 {“Infrared”} 6 {“HP -HIL”} 7 {“Bus Mouse”} 8 {“ADP (Apple Desktop Bus)”} 160 {“Bus Mouse DB-9”} 161 {“Bus Mouse Micro-DIN”} 162 {“USB”} }

function Handedness { param ($value) switch ($value) { 0 {“Unknown”} 1 {“Not Applicable”} 2 {“Right-Handed Operation”} 3 {“Left-Handed Operation”} } }

函式 Pointingtype {

param ($value) switch ($value) { 1 {“Other”} 2 {“Unknown”} 3 {“Mouse”} 4 {“Track Ball”} 5 {“Track Point”} 6 {“Glide Point”} 7 {“Touch Pad”} 8 {“Touch Screen”} 9 {“Mouse - 光學感測器”} }

<# 顯示詳細資料#>

"Mouse Information on System: {0}" -f $mouse.systemname "Description : {0}" -f $mouse.Description "Device ID : {0}" -f $mouse.DeviceID "Device Interface : {0}" -f (Deviceinterface($mouse.DeviceInterface)) "Double Speed Threshold : {0}" -f $mouse.DoubleSpeedThreshold "Handedness : {0}" -f (Handedness($mouse.handedness)) "Hardware Type : {0}" -f $mouse.Hardwaretype "INF FIle Name : {0}" -f $mouse.InfFileName "Inf Section : {0}" -f $mouse.InfSection "Manufacturer : {0}" -f $mouse.Manufacturer "Name : {0}" -f $mouse.Name "Number of buttons : {0}" -f $mouse.NumberOfButtons "PNP Device ID : {0}" -f $mouse.PNPDeviceID "Pointing Type : {0}" -f (Pointingtype ($mouse.PointingType)) "Quad Speed Threshold : {0}" -f $mouse.QuadSpeedThreshold "Resolution : {0}" -f $mouse.Resolution "Sample Rate : {0}" -f $mouse.SampleRate "Synch : {0}" -f $mouse.Synch

...判斷計算機中安裝處理器的速度?

使用 Win32_Processor 類別,並檢查 MaxClockSpeed 屬性的值。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_Processor")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Processor Id: " & objItem.ProcessorId
    Wscript.Echo "Maximum Clock Speed: " & objItem.MaxClockSpeed
Next
...判斷計算機是否為塔樓、迷你塔、筆記型電腦等等?

使用 Win32_SystemEnclosure 類別,並檢查 ChassisType 屬性的值。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colChassis = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_SystemEnclosure")
For Each objChassis in colChassis
    For Each objItem in objChassis.ChassisTypes
        Wscript.Echo "Chassis Type: " & objItem
    Next
Next
PowerShell
$processors = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Processor
foreach ($proc in $processors)
{
    "Processor ID: " + $proc.ProcessorID
    "Maximum Clock Speed: " + $proc.MaxClockSpeed
}
...取得計算機的序號和資產標記?

使用 Win32_SystemEnclosure 類別,以及 SerialNumberSMBIOSAssetTag 屬性

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSMBIOS = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_SystemEnclosure")
For Each objSMBIOS in colSMBIOS
    Wscript.Echo "Part Number: " & objSMBIOS.PartNumber
    Wscript.Echo "Serial Number: " & objSMBIOS.SerialNumber
    Wscript.Echo "Asset Tag: " & objSMBIOS.SMBIOSAssetTag
Next

PowerShell
$colSMBIOS = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_SystemEnclosure 

foreach ($objSMBIOS in $colSMBIOS) { "Part Number: " + $objSMBIOS.PartNumber "Serial Number: " + $objSMBIOS.SerialNumber "Asset Tag: " + $objSMBIOS.SMBIOSAssetTag }

...判斷哪一種裝置插入USB埠?

使用 Win32_USBHub 類別,並檢查 Description 屬性。 此屬性的值可能包括「大量 儲存體 裝置」或「列印支援」。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_USBHub")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "PNP Device ID: " & objItem.PNPDeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo
Next

PowerShell
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_USBHub 

foreach ($objItem in $colItems) { "Device ID: " + $objItem.DeviceID "PNP Device ID: " + $objItem.PNPDeviceID "Description: " + $objItem.Description }

...判斷計算機上安裝了多少個磁帶機?

使用 類別 Win32_TapeDrive 類別,然後使用 SWbemObjectSet.Count 方法。 如果 Count = 0,則電腦上不會安裝任何磁帶機。

VB
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_TapeDrive")
Wscript.Echo "Number of tape drives: " & colItems.Count

PowerShell
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_TapeDrive 

foreach ($objItem in $colItems) { "Number of Drives: " + $colItems.Count }

範例

「使用 PowerShell 進行多線程系統資產收集」PowerShell 範例會透過 WMI 收集大量有用的系統資訊,並使用 powershell 進行多線程處理。

腳本和應用程式的 WMI 工作

WMI C++ 應用程式範例

TechNet ScriptCenter