WMI 工作：磁碟和文件系統

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01/10/2024

磁碟和文件系統的 WMI 工作會取得磁碟驅動器硬體狀態和邏輯磁碟區的相關信息。如需其他範例，請參閱 TechNet ScriptCenter at https://www.microsoft.com/technet。

本主題中顯示的腳本範例只會從本機計算機取得數據。如需如何使用腳本從遠端電腦取得數據的詳細資訊，請參閱遠端電腦上的 WMI 連線。

下列程式描述如何執行腳本。

執行指令碼

複製程序代碼，並將它儲存在擴展名為 .vbs 的檔案中，例如 filename.vbs。請確定文字編輯器不會將 .txt 擴展名新增至檔案。
開啟命令提示字元視窗，並流覽至您儲存盤案的目錄。
在命令提示字元中輸入 cscript filename.vbs 。
如果您無法存取事件記錄檔，請檢查您是否正在從提高許可權的命令提示字元執行。某些事件記錄檔，例如安全性事件記錄檔，可能會受到使用者存取控制（UAC）的保護。

注意

根據預設，cscript 會在命令提示字元視窗中顯示文稿的輸出。由於 WMI 命令稿可能會產生大量的輸出，因此您可能會想要將輸出重新導向至檔案。在命令提示字元中輸入 cscript filename.vbs outfile.txt，將 filename.vbs > 腳本的輸出重新導向至 outfile.txt。

下表列出可用來從本機計算機取得各種數據類型的腳本範例。

如何… WMI 類別或方法

...瞭解每個使用者目前在電腦上使用的磁碟空間量？

如果您使用磁碟配額，請使用 Win32_DiskQuota 類別，並擷取 User 和 DiskSpaceUsed 屬性的值。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colQuotas = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_DiskQuota")
For each objQuota in colQuotas
    Wscript.Echo "Volume: "& vbTab &  objQuota.QuotaVolume
    Wscript.Echo "User: "& vbTab &  objQuota.User      
    Wscript.Echo "Disk Space Used: " & vbTab &  objQuota.DiskSpaceUsed
Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = "."
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_DiskQuota -ComputerName $strComputer
foreach ($objQuota in $colItems) 
{ 
    "Volume: " + $objQuota.QuotaVolume
    "User: " + $objQuota.User      
    "Disk Space Used: " + $objQuota.DiskSpaceUsed
}

...判斷是否已將卸載式磁碟驅動器新增至計算機或從計算機中移除？

使用查詢Win32_VolumeChangeEvent類別的監視腳本。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colMonitoredEvents = objWMIService. ExecNotificationQuery( "Select * from Win32_VolumeChangeEvent")
Do
    Set objLatestEvent = colMonitoredEvents.NextEvent
    Wscript.Echo objLatestEvent.DriveName
    Wscript.Echo objLatestEvent.EventType
    Wscript.Echo objLatestEvent.Time_Created
Loop

...判斷 CD 是否在 CD-ROM 磁碟驅動器中？

使用 Win32_CDROMDrive 類別和 MediaLoaded 屬性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery( "Select * from Win32_CDROMDrive")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Media Loaded: " & objItem.MediaLoaded
Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = "."
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_CDROMDrive -ComputerName $strComputer
foreach ($objItem in $colItems)
{
    "Device ID: " + $objItem.DeviceID
    "MediaLoaded: " + $objItem.MediaLoaded
}

...判斷磁碟是否在磁碟驅動器中？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 類別，並檢查 FreeSpace 屬性。如果值為 Null，則磁碟驅動器中沒有磁碟。

strComputer = “.”Set objWMIService = GetObject（ “winmgmts：\\” & strComputer & “\root\cimv2”） Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery （“Select * From Win32_LogicalDisk Where DeviceID = 'A：'”）

For Each objItem in colItems intFreeSpace = objItem.FreeSpace If IsNull(intFreeSpace) Then Wscript.Echo "There is no disk in the floppy drive." Else Wscript.Echo "There is a disk in the floppy drive." End If Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = “.” $colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalDisk -Namespace “root\cimv2” -ComputerName $strComputer |' Where-Object { $_.DeviceID -eq “A：” } foreach ($objItem in $colItems)
{
$intFreeSpace = $objItem.FreeSpace
if ($intFreeSpace -eq $null) { "There is no disk in the floppy drive." }
else { "There is a disk in the floppy drive." }
}

...區分固定硬碟和卸除式硬碟？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 類別，並檢查 DriveType 屬性的值。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
    & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" _
    & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery _
    ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: "& vbTab _
        &  objDisk.DeviceID       
    Select Case objDisk.DriveType
        Case 1
            Wscript.Echo "No root directory. " & "Drive type could not be " & "determined."
        Case 2
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Removable drive."
        Case 3
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Local hard disk."
        Case 4
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Network disk."      
        Case 5
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "Compact disk."      
        Case 6
            Wscript.Echo "DriveType: "& vbTab &  "RAM disk."   
        Case Else
            Wscript.Echo "Drive type could not be" & " determined."
    End Select
Next

PowerShell

$strComputer = “.” $colDisks = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalDisk -ComputerName $strComputer foreach ($objDisk in $colDisks)
{
"DeviceID: " + $objDisk.deviceID
switch ($objDisk.DriveType)
{
'1' { "No root directory. Drive type could not be determined." }
'2' { "DriveType: Removable drive." }
'3' { "DriveType: Local hard disk." }
'4' { "DriveType: Network disk." }
'5' { "DriveType: Compact disk." }
'6' { "DriveType: RAM disk." }
default: { "Drive type could not be determined." }
}
}

...判斷磁碟驅動器上使用哪個文件系統？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 類別和 FileSystem 屬性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: " & objDisk.DeviceID       
    Wscript.Echo "File System: " & objDisk.FileSystem
Next

...判斷磁碟驅動器上有多少可用空間？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 類別和FreeSpace屬性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: " & objDisk.DeviceID       
    Wscript.Echo "Free Disk Space: " & objDisk.FreeSpace
Next

...判斷磁碟驅動器的大小嗎？

使用 Win32_LogicalDisk 類別和 Size 屬性。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_LogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceID: " & objDisk.DeviceID       
    Wscript.Echo "Disk Size: " & objDisk.Size
Next

...找出電腦上對應的磁碟驅動器？

使用 Win32_MappedLogicalDisk 類別。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colDisks = objWMIService. ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_MappedLogicalDisk")
For Each objDisk in colDisks
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objDisk.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objDisk.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Free Space: " & objDisk.FreeSpace
    Wscript.Echo "Size: " & objDisk.Size
Next

...重組硬碟？

使用 Win32_Volume 類別和 Defrag 方法。

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colVolumes = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_Volume Where Name = 'K:\\'")
For Each objVolume in colVolumes
     errResult = objVolume.Defrag()
Next

...偵測哪些驅動器號與邏輯磁碟分區相關聯？

從 Win32_DiskDrive 類別開始，並使用DeviceID屬性和 Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition關聯類別查詢Win32_DiskPartition實例。 現在，您有實體磁碟驅動器上的分割區集合。
使用 Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID 屬性和Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition關聯類別來查詢代表分割區的Win32_LogicalDisk。
從 Win32_LogicalDisk.DeviceID 取得驅動器號。

ComputerName = “.”設定 wmiServices = GetObject （_ “winmgmts：{impersonationLevel=Impersonate}！{ ” & ComputerName） ' 取得實體磁碟驅動器 Set wmiDiskDrives = wmiServices.ExecQuery （“SELECT Caption， DeviceID FROM Win32_DiskDrive”）針對每個 wmiDiskDrive In wmiDiskDrives WScript.Echo “磁盤驅動器標題： ” & wmiDiskDrive.Caption & VbNewLine & “DeviceID： ” & “ （” & wmiDiskDrive.DeviceID & “）” '使用磁盘驅動器裝置標識符 ' 尋找相關聯的分割區查詢 = “ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskDrive.DeviceID='” _ & wmiDiskDrive.DeviceID & “'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition” 設定 wmiDiskPartitions = wmiServices.ExecQuery（query）針對每個 wmiDiskPartition In wmiDiskPartitions '使用分割區裝置標識符尋找邏輯磁碟 Set wmiLogicalDisks = wmiServices.ExecQuery _ （“ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID='” _ & wmiDiskPartition.DeviceID & “'} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition”）

For Each wmiLogicalDisk In wmiLogicalDisks WScript.Echo "Drive letter associated" _ & " with disk drive = " _ & wmiDiskDrive.Caption _ & wmiDiskDrive.DeviceID _ & VbNewLine & " Partition = " _ & wmiDiskPartition.DeviceID _ & VbNewLine & " is " _ & wmiLogicalDisk.DeviceID Next Next Next

腳本和應用程式的 WMI 工作
WMI C++ 應用程式範例
TechNet ScriptCenter

WMI 工作：磁碟和文件系統

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WMI 工作：磁碟和文件系統

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