Media Foundation 中的屬性

發行項
06/13/2023

屬性是索引鍵/值組，其中索引鍵是 GUID，而此值是 PROPVARIANT。屬性會在整個 Microsoft Media Foundation 中用來設定物件、描述媒體格式、查詢物件屬性和其他用途。

本主題包含下列各節。

關於屬性
序列化屬性
實作 IMFAttributes
相關主題

關於屬性

屬性是索引鍵/值組，其中索引鍵是 GUID，而此值是 PROPVARIANT。屬性值僅限於下列資料類型：

不帶正負號的 32 位整數 (UINT32) 。
不帶正負號的 64 位整數 (UINT64) 。
64 位浮點數。
GUID。
以 Null 結尾的寬字元字串。
位元組陣列。
IUnknown 指標。

這些類型定義于 MF_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE 列舉中。若要設定或擷取屬性值，請使用 IMFAttributes 介面。此介面包含可依資料類型取得和設定值的型別安全方法。例如，若要設定 32 位整數，請呼叫 IMFAttributes：：SetUINT32。屬性索引鍵在物件內是唯一的。如果您使用相同的索引鍵來設定兩個不同的值，第二個值會覆寫第一個值。

數個媒體基礎介面會繼承 IMFAttributes 介面。公開此介面的物件具有應用程式應該在物件上設定的選擇性或必要屬性，或具有應用程式可擷取的屬性。此外，某些方法和函式會採用 IMFAttributes 指標作為參數，讓應用程式能夠設定組態資訊。應用程式必須建立屬性存放區，才能保存組態屬性。若要建立空的屬性存放區，請呼叫 MFCreateAttributes。

下列程式碼顯示兩個函式。第一個會建立新的屬性存放區，並使用字串值設定名為 MY_ATTRIBUTE 的假設屬性。第二個函式會擷取這個屬性的值。

extern const GUID MY_ATTRIBUTE;

HRESULT ShowCreateAttributeStore(IMFAttributes **ppAttributes)
{
    IMFAttributes *pAttributes = NULL;
    const UINT32 cElements = 10;  // Starting size.

    // Create the empty attribute store.
    HRESULT hr = MFCreateAttributes(&pAttributes, cElements);

    // Set the MY_ATTRIBUTE attribute with a string value.
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        hr = pAttributes->SetString(
            MY_ATTRIBUTE,
            L"This is a string value"
            );
    }

    // Return the IMFAttributes pointer to the caller.
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        *ppAttributes = pAttributes;
        (*ppAttributes)->AddRef();
    }

    SAFE_RELEASE(pAttributes);

    return hr;
}

HRESULT ShowGetAttributes()
{
    IMFAttributes *pAttributes = NULL;
    WCHAR *pwszValue = NULL;
    UINT32 cchLength = 0;

    // Create the attribute store.
    HRESULT hr = ShowCreateAttributeStore(&pAttributes);

    // Get the attribute.
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        hr = pAttributes->GetAllocatedString(
            MY_ATTRIBUTE,
            &pwszValue,
            &cchLength
            );
    }

    CoTaskMemFree(pwszValue);
    SAFE_RELEASE(pAttributes);

    return hr;
}

如需媒體基礎屬性的完整清單，請參閱媒體基礎屬性。每個屬性的預期資料類型都會記載于該處。

序列化屬性

媒體基礎有兩個函式可序列化屬性存放區。其中一個會將屬性寫入位元組陣列，另一個則會將它們寫入支援 IStream 介面的資料流程。每個函式都有一個對應的函式，可載入資料。

作業	位元組陣列	IStream
儲存	MFGetAttributesAsBlob	MFSerializeAttributesToStream
載入	MFInitAttributesFromBlob	MFDeserializeAttributesFromStream

若要將屬性存放區的內容寫入位元組陣列，請呼叫 MFGetAttributesAsBlob。忽略具有 IUnknown 指標值的屬性。若要將屬性載入回屬性存放區，請呼叫 MFInitAttributesFromBlob。

若要將屬性存放區寫入資料流程，請呼叫 MFSerializeAttributesToStream。此函式可以封送處理 IUnknown 指標值。呼叫端必須提供實作 IStream 介面的資料流程物件。若要從資料流程載入屬性存放區，請呼叫 MFDeserializeAttributesFromStream。

實作 IMFAttributes

媒體基礎提供 IMFAttributes的庫存實作，這是藉由呼叫 MFCreateAttributes 函式來取得的。在大部分情況下，您應該使用此實作，而不是提供您自己的自訂實作。

在某些情況下，您可能需要實作 IMFAttributes 介面：如果您實作繼承 IMFAttributes的第二個介面。在此情況下，您必須提供第二個介面所繼承 之 IMFAttributes 方法的實作。

在此情況下，建議您包裝 IMFAttributes的現有媒體基礎實作。下列程式碼顯示一個類別範本，其中包含 IMFAttributes 指標，並包裝每個 IMFAttributes 方法，但 IUnknown 方法除外。

#include <assert.h>

// Helper class to implement IMFAttributes. 

// This is an abstract class; the derived class must implement the IUnknown 
// methods. This class is a wrapper for the standard attribute store provided 
// in Media Foundation.

// template parameter: 
// The interface you are implementing, either IMFAttributes or an interface 
// that inherits IMFAttributes, such as IMFActivate

template <class IFACE=IMFAttributes>
class CBaseAttributes : public IFACE
{
protected:
    IMFAttributes *m_pAttributes;

    // This version of the constructor does not initialize the 
    // attribute store. The derived class must call Initialize() in 
    // its own constructor.
    CBaseAttributes() : m_pAttributes(NULL)
    {
    }

    // This version of the constructor initializes the attribute 
    // store, but the derived class must pass an HRESULT parameter 
    // to the constructor.

    CBaseAttributes(HRESULT& hr, UINT32 cInitialSize = 0) : m_pAttributes(NULL)
    {
        hr = Initialize(cInitialSize);
    }

    // The next version of the constructor uses a caller-provided 
    // implementation of IMFAttributes.

    // (Sometimes you want to delegate IMFAttributes calls to some 
    // other object that implements IMFAttributes, rather than using 
    // MFCreateAttributes.)

    CBaseAttributes(HRESULT& hr, IUnknown *pUnk)
    {
        hr = Initialize(pUnk);
    }

    virtual ~CBaseAttributes()
    {
        if (m_pAttributes)
        {
            m_pAttributes->Release();
        }
    }

    // Initializes the object by creating the standard Media Foundation attribute store.
    HRESULT Initialize(UINT32 cInitialSize = 0)
    {
        if (m_pAttributes == NULL)
        {
            return MFCreateAttributes(&m_pAttributes, cInitialSize); 
        }
        else
        {
            return S_OK;
        }
    }

    // Initializes this object from a caller-provided attribute store.
    // pUnk: Pointer to an object that exposes IMFAttributes.
    HRESULT Initialize(IUnknown *pUnk)
    {
        if (m_pAttributes)
        {
            m_pAttributes->Release();
            m_pAttributes = NULL;
        }


        return pUnk->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_pAttributes));
    }

public:

    // IMFAttributes methods

    STDMETHODIMP GetItem(REFGUID guidKey, PROPVARIANT* pValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetItem(guidKey, pValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetItemType(REFGUID guidKey, MF_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE* pType)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetItemType(guidKey, pType);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP CompareItem(REFGUID guidKey, REFPROPVARIANT Value, BOOL* pbResult)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->CompareItem(guidKey, Value, pbResult);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP Compare(
        IMFAttributes* pTheirs, 
        MF_ATTRIBUTES_MATCH_TYPE MatchType, 
        BOOL* pbResult
        )
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->Compare(pTheirs, MatchType, pbResult);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetUINT32(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32* punValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetUINT32(guidKey, punValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetUINT64(REFGUID guidKey, UINT64* punValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetUINT64(guidKey, punValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetDouble(REFGUID guidKey, double* pfValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetDouble(guidKey, pfValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetGUID(REFGUID guidKey, GUID* pguidValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetGUID(guidKey, pguidValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetStringLength(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32* pcchLength)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetStringLength(guidKey, pcchLength);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetString(REFGUID guidKey, LPWSTR pwszValue, UINT32 cchBufSize, UINT32* pcchLength)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetString(guidKey, pwszValue, cchBufSize, pcchLength);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetAllocatedString(REFGUID guidKey, LPWSTR* ppwszValue, UINT32* pcchLength)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetAllocatedString(guidKey, ppwszValue, pcchLength);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetBlobSize(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32* pcbBlobSize)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetBlobSize(guidKey, pcbBlobSize);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetBlob(REFGUID guidKey, UINT8* pBuf, UINT32 cbBufSize, UINT32* pcbBlobSize)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetBlob(guidKey, pBuf, cbBufSize, pcbBlobSize);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetAllocatedBlob(REFGUID guidKey, UINT8** ppBuf, UINT32* pcbSize)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetAllocatedBlob(guidKey, ppBuf, pcbSize);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetUnknown(REFGUID guidKey, REFIID riid, LPVOID* ppv)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetUnknown(guidKey, riid, ppv);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetItem(REFGUID guidKey, REFPROPVARIANT Value)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetItem(guidKey, Value);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP DeleteItem(REFGUID guidKey)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->DeleteItem(guidKey);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP DeleteAllItems()
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->DeleteAllItems();
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetUINT32(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32 unValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetUINT32(guidKey, unValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetUINT64(REFGUID guidKey,UINT64 unValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetUINT64(guidKey, unValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetDouble(REFGUID guidKey, double fValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetDouble(guidKey, fValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetGUID(REFGUID guidKey, REFGUID guidValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetGUID(guidKey, guidValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetString(REFGUID guidKey, LPCWSTR wszValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetString(guidKey, wszValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetBlob(REFGUID guidKey, const UINT8* pBuf, UINT32 cbBufSize)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetBlob(guidKey, pBuf, cbBufSize);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP SetUnknown(REFGUID guidKey, IUnknown* pUnknown)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->SetUnknown(guidKey, pUnknown);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP LockStore()
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->LockStore();
    }

    STDMETHODIMP UnlockStore()
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->UnlockStore();
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetCount(UINT32* pcItems)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetCount(pcItems);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP GetItemByIndex(UINT32 unIndex, GUID* pguidKey, PROPVARIANT* pValue)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->GetItemByIndex(unIndex, pguidKey, pValue);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP CopyAllItems(IMFAttributes* pDest)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return m_pAttributes->CopyAllItems(pDest);
    }

    // Helper functions
    
    HRESULT SerializeToStream(DWORD dwOptions, IStream* pStm)      
        // dwOptions: Flags from MF_ATTRIBUTE_SERIALIZE_OPTIONS
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return MFSerializeAttributesToStream(m_pAttributes, dwOptions, pStm);
    }

    HRESULT DeserializeFromStream(DWORD dwOptions, IStream* pStm)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return MFDeserializeAttributesFromStream(m_pAttributes, dwOptions, pStm);
    }

    // SerializeToBlob: Stores the attributes in a byte array. 
    // 
    // ppBuf: Receives a pointer to the byte array. 
    // pcbSize: Receives the size of the byte array.
    //
    // The caller must free the array using CoTaskMemFree.
    HRESULT SerializeToBlob(UINT8 **ppBuffer, UINT32 *pcbSize)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);

        if (ppBuffer == NULL)
        {
            return E_POINTER;
        }
        if (pcbSize == NULL)
        {
            return E_POINTER;
        }

        *ppBuffer = NULL;
        *pcbSize = 0;

        UINT32 cbSize = 0;
        BYTE *pBuffer = NULL;

        HRESULT hr = MFGetAttributesAsBlobSize(m_pAttributes, &cbSize);

        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            return hr;
        }

        pBuffer = (BYTE*)CoTaskMemAlloc(cbSize);
        if (pBuffer == NULL)
        {
            return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
        }

        hr = MFGetAttributesAsBlob(m_pAttributes, pBuffer, cbSize);

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            *ppBuffer = pBuffer;
            *pcbSize = cbSize;
        }
        else
        {
            CoTaskMemFree(pBuffer);
        }
        return hr;
    }
    
    HRESULT DeserializeFromBlob(const UINT8* pBuffer, UINT cbSize)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return MFInitAttributesFromBlob(m_pAttributes, pBuffer, cbSize);
    }

    HRESULT GetRatio(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32* pnNumerator, UINT32* punDenominator)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return MFGetAttributeRatio(m_pAttributes, guidKey, pnNumerator, punDenominator);
    }

    HRESULT SetRatio(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32 unNumerator, UINT32 unDenominator)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return MFSetAttributeRatio(m_pAttributes, guidKey, unNumerator, unDenominator);
    }

    // Gets an attribute whose value represents the size of something (eg a video frame).
    HRESULT GetSize(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32* punWidth, UINT32* punHeight)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return MFGetAttributeSize(m_pAttributes, guidKey, punWidth, punHeight);
    }

    // Sets an attribute whose value represents the size of something (eg a video frame).
    HRESULT SetSize(REFGUID guidKey, UINT32 unWidth, UINT32 unHeight)
    {
        assert(m_pAttributes);
        return MFSetAttributeSize (m_pAttributes, guidKey, unWidth, unHeight);
    }
};

下列程式碼示範如何從此範本衍生類別：

#include <shlwapi.h>

class MyObject : public CBaseAttributes<>
{
    MyObject() : m_nRefCount(1) { }
    ~MyObject() { }

    long m_nRefCount;

public:

    // IUnknown
    STDMETHODIMP MyObject::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
    {
        static const QITAB qit[] = 
        {
            QITABENT(MyObject, IMFAttributes),
            { 0 },
        };
        return QISearch(this, qit, riid, ppv);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) MyObject::AddRef()
    {
        return InterlockedIncrement(&m_nRefCount);
    }

    STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) MyObject::Release()
    {
        ULONG uCount = InterlockedDecrement(&m_nRefCount);
        if (uCount == 0)
        {
            delete this;
        }
        return uCount;
    }

    // Static function to create an instance of the object.

    static HRESULT CreateInstance(MyObject **ppObject)
    {
        HRESULT hr = S_OK;

        MyObject *pObject = new MyObject();
        if (pObject == NULL)
        {
            return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
        }

        // Initialize the attribute store.
        hr = pObject->Initialize();

        if (FAILED(hr))
        {
            delete pObject;
            return hr;
        }

        *ppObject = pObject;
        (*ppObject)->AddRef();

        return S_OK;
    }
};

您必須呼叫 CBaseAttributes::Initialize 來建立屬性存放區。在上一個範例中，這是在靜態建立函式內完成的。

範本引數是介面類別型，預設為 IMFAttributes。如果您的物件實作繼承 IMFAttributes的介面，例如 IMFActivate，請將範本引數設定為等於衍生介面的名稱。

媒體基礎基本類型

共用方式為

Media Foundation 中的屬性

關於屬性

序列化屬性

實作 IMFAttributes

意見反應

其他資源

共用方式為

Media Foundation 中的屬性

關於屬性

序列化屬性

實作 IMFAttributes

相關主題

意見反應

其他資源