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如何走 使用者介面自動化 樹狀結構

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本主題包含範例程式代碼，示範如何使用 IUIAutomationTreeWalker 介面逐步解說和檢查Microsoft 使用者介面自動化樹狀結構中的元素。 它會討論下列主題：

逐步執行項目的子系

下列程式代碼範例是遞歸函式，會逐步解說 UI 元素的所有子系，並在階層式清單中顯示其控件類型。

// CAUTION: Do not pass in the root (desktop) element. Traversing the entire subtree
// of the desktop could take a very long time and even lead to a stack overflow.
void ListDescendants(IUIAutomationElement* pParent, int indent)
{
    if (pParent == NULL)
        return;

    IUIAutomationTreeWalker* pControlWalker = NULL;
    IUIAutomationElement* pNode = NULL;

    g_pAutomation->get_ControlViewWalker(&pControlWalker);
    if (pControlWalker == NULL)
        goto cleanup;

    pControlWalker->GetFirstChildElement(pParent, &pNode);
    if (pNode == NULL)
        goto cleanup;

    while (pNode)
    {
        BSTR desc;
        pNode->get_CurrentLocalizedControlType(&desc);
        for (int x = 0; x <= indent; x++)
        {
            std::wcout << L"   ";
        }
        std::wcout << desc << L"\n";
        SysFreeString(desc);

        ListDescendants(pNode, indent+1);
        IUIAutomationElement* pNext;
        pControlWalker->GetNextSiblingElement(pNode, &pNext);
        pNode->Release();
        pNode = pNext;
    }

cleanup:
    if (pControlWalker != NULL)
        pControlWalker->Release();

    if (pNode != NULL)
        pNode->Release();

    return;
}

逐步解說上階元素

下列程式代碼範例是一個函式，會逐步解說元素的上階，以識別父元素。 當您需要識別控件的父視窗時，這會很有用。 函式會針對最上層元素傳 回 NULL ;也就是說，父系為桌面的專案。

IUIAutomationElement* GetContainingWindow(IUIAutomationElement* pChild)
{

    if (pChild == NULL)
        return NULL;

    IUIAutomationElement* pDesktop = NULL;
    HRESULT hr = g_pAutomation->GetRootElement(&pDesktop);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return NULL;

    BOOL same;
    g_pAutomation->CompareElements(pChild, pDesktop, &same);
    if (same)
    {
        pDesktop->Release();
        return NULL; // No parent, so return NULL.
    }

    IUIAutomationElement* pParent = NULL;
    IUIAutomationElement* pNode = pChild;

    // Create the treewalker.
    IUIAutomationTreeWalker* pWalker = NULL;
    g_pAutomation->get_ControlViewWalker(&pWalker);
    if (pWalker == NULL)
        goto cleanup;

    // Walk up the tree.
    while (TRUE)
    {
        hr = pWalker->GetParentElement(pNode, &pParent);
        if (FAILED(hr) || pParent == NULL)
        {
            break;
        }
        g_pAutomation->CompareElements(pParent, pDesktop, &same);
        if (same)
        {
            pDesktop->Release();
            pParent->Release();
            pWalker->Release();
            // Reached desktop, so return next element below it.
            return pNode;
        }
        if (pNode != pChild) // Do not release the in-param.
            pNode->Release();
        pNode = pParent;
    }

cleanup:
    if ((pNode != NULL) && (pNode != pChild)) 
        pNode->Release();

    if (pDesktop != NULL)
        pDesktop->Release();

    if (pWalker != NULL)
        pWalker->Release();

    if (pParent != NULL)
        pParent->Release();

    return NULL;  
}

概念

取得 UI 自動化項目

使用者介面自動化 用戶端的作法主題