Classic VMs do not support the serial console. Can you RDP privately from another virtual machine?
If not, here are some troubleshooting tips.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/azure/virtual-machines/reset-rdp
My guess is that you have a Windows Firewall rule that allowed RDP access from domain joined sources only so the link below may help you. You could use the Run command to make changes to the Windows firewall configuration