This is not an "Answer" per se, but just a response or comment. I don't know if that means it doesn't really belong here, but I didn't see another option for adding to the "discussion."
I have had it happen to me on numerous occasions that I lose my ability to use Enhanced Session, and inevitably always eventually find my way to this page. It happened to me twice in the past week, when nothing had changed on either the Linux or Windows side. First time (this week, that is...), I went through the entire setup on the Linux side again, to no avail. Turned out the key was running the:
Set-VM -VMName <your_vm_name> -EnhancedSessionTransportType HvSocket
command (as admin). The second time, it was recent enough that I remembered not to bother with the install on the Linux side (though not recent enough that I still had the browser tab open). And after it happened the 2nd time, I realized that one thing which tied the two events together was that both times, I came to my computer in the morning to find it unresponsive, and had to power it down, then back on.