Hello @Philipp Mair ,
Thank you for your update.
This may involve how Outlook works.
According to my guess, it may be that the Outlook mailbox account comes from AD, so you need to go to AD to find the corresponding account and the information in the account attributes, such as display name, email and other information.
I suggest you can try to ask the question in Outlook forum by selecting Outlook tag, open a new post again.
Thank you for your understanding and support.
Best Regards,
Daisy Zhou