BlockingCollection<T> Class

Definition

Namespace:

System.Collections.Concurrent

Assembly:

System.Collections.Concurrent.dll

Source:

BlockingCollection.cs

Provides blocking and bounding capabilities for thread-safe collections that implement IProducerConsumerCollection<T>.

generic <typename T>
public ref class BlockingCollection : IDisposable, System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<T>, System::Collections::Generic::IReadOnlyCollection<T>, System::Collections::ICollection

[System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")]
public class BlockingCollection<T> : IDisposable, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyCollection<T>, System.Collections.ICollection

[<System.Runtime.Versioning.UnsupportedOSPlatform("browser")>]
type BlockingCollection<'T> = class
    interface seq<'T>
    interface IEnumerable
    interface IReadOnlyCollection<'T>
    interface ICollection
    interface IDisposable

Public Class BlockingCollection(Of T)
Implements ICollection, IDisposable, IEnumerable(Of T), IReadOnlyCollection(Of T)

Type Parameters

T

The type of elements in the collection.

Inheritance

Object

BlockingCollection<T>

Attributes

UnsupportedOSPlatformAttribute

Implements

IEnumerable<T> IReadOnlyCollection<T> ICollection IEnumerable IDisposable

Examples

The following example shows how to add and take items concurrently from a blocking collection:

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class BlockingCollectionDemo
{
    static async Task Main()
    {
        await AddTakeDemo.BC_AddTakeCompleteAdding();
        TryTakeDemo.BC_TryTake();
        FromToAnyDemo.BC_FromToAny();
        await ConsumingEnumerableDemo.BC_GetConsumingEnumerable();
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
class AddTakeDemo
{
    // Demonstrates:
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Take()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    public static async Task BC_AddTakeCompleteAdding()
    {
        using (BlockingCollection<int> bc = new BlockingCollection<int>())
        {
            // Spin up a Task to populate the BlockingCollection
            Task t1 = Task.Run(() =>
            {
                bc.Add(1);
                bc.Add(2);
                bc.Add(3);
                bc.CompleteAdding();
            });

            // Spin up a Task to consume the BlockingCollection
            Task t2 = Task.Run(() =>
            {
                try
                {
                    // Consume the BlockingCollection
                    while (true) Console.WriteLine(bc.Take());
                }
                catch (InvalidOperationException)
                {
                    // An InvalidOperationException means that Take() was called on a completed collection
                    Console.WriteLine("That's All!");
                }
            });

            await Task.WhenAll(t1, t2);
        }
    }
}

class TryTakeDemo
{
    // Demonstrates:
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.TryTake()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.IsCompleted
    public static void BC_TryTake()
    {
        // Construct and fill our BlockingCollection
        using (BlockingCollection<int> bc = new BlockingCollection<int>())
        {
            int NUMITEMS = 10000;
            for (int i = 0; i < NUMITEMS; i++) bc.Add(i);
            bc.CompleteAdding();
            int outerSum = 0;

            // Delegate for consuming the BlockingCollection and adding up all items
            Action action = () =>
            {
                int localItem;
                int localSum = 0;

                while (bc.TryTake(out localItem)) localSum += localItem;
                Interlocked.Add(ref outerSum, localSum);
            };

            // Launch three parallel actions to consume the BlockingCollection
            Parallel.Invoke(action, action, action);

            Console.WriteLine("Sum[0..{0}) = {1}, should be {2}", NUMITEMS, outerSum, ((NUMITEMS * (NUMITEMS - 1)) / 2));
            Console.WriteLine("bc.IsCompleted = {0} (should be true)", bc.IsCompleted);
        }
    }
}

class FromToAnyDemo
{
    // Demonstrates:
    //      Bounded BlockingCollection<T>
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.TryAddToAny()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.TryTakeFromAny()
    public static void BC_FromToAny()
    {
        BlockingCollection<int>[] bcs = new BlockingCollection<int>[2];
        bcs[0] = new BlockingCollection<int>(5); // collection bounded to 5 items
        bcs[1] = new BlockingCollection<int>(5); // collection bounded to 5 items

        // Should be able to add 10 items w/o blocking
        int numFailures = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            if (BlockingCollection<int>.TryAddToAny(bcs, i) == -1) numFailures++;
        }
        Console.WriteLine("TryAddToAny: {0} failures (should be 0)", numFailures);

        // Should be able to retrieve 10 items
        int numItems = 0;
        int item;
        while (BlockingCollection<int>.TryTakeFromAny(bcs, out item) != -1) numItems++;
        Console.WriteLine("TryTakeFromAny: retrieved {0} items (should be 10)", numItems);
    }
}

class ConsumingEnumerableDemo
{
    // Demonstrates:
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.GetConsumingEnumerable()
    public static async Task BC_GetConsumingEnumerable()
    {
        using (BlockingCollection<int> bc = new BlockingCollection<int>())
        {
            // Kick off a producer task
            var producerTask = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    bc.Add(i);
                    Console.WriteLine($"Producing: {i}");

                    await Task.Delay(100); // sleep 100 ms between adds
                }

                // Need to do this to keep foreach below from hanging
                bc.CompleteAdding();
            });

            // Now consume the blocking collection with foreach.
            // Use bc.GetConsumingEnumerable() instead of just bc because the
            // former will block waiting for completion and the latter will
            // simply take a snapshot of the current state of the underlying collection.
            foreach (var item in bc.GetConsumingEnumerable())
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Consuming: {item}");
            }
            await producerTask; // Allow task to complete cleanup
        }
    }
}

open System
open System.Collections.Concurrent
open System.Threading
open System.Threading.Tasks

module AddTakeDemo =
    // Demonstrates:
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Take()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    let blockingCollectionAddTakeCompleteAdding () =
        task {
            use bc = new BlockingCollection<int>()
            // Spin up a Task to populate the BlockingCollection
            let t1 = 
                task {
                    bc.Add 1
                    bc.Add 2
                    bc.Add 3
                    bc.CompleteAdding()
                }

            // Spin up a Task to consume the BlockingCollection
            let t2 = 
                task {
                    try
                        // Consume consume the BlockingCollection
                        while true do 
                            printfn $"{bc.Take()}"
                    with :? InvalidOperationException ->
                        // An InvalidOperationException means that Take() was called on a completed collection
                        printfn "That's All!"
                }
            let! _ = Task.WhenAll(t1, t2)
            ()
        }

module TryTakeDemo =
    // Demonstrates:
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.TryTake()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.IsCompleted
    let blockingCollectionTryTake () =
        // Construct and fill our BlockingCollection
        use bc = new BlockingCollection<int>()
        let NUMITEMS = 10000;
        for i = 0 to NUMITEMS - 1 do
            bc.Add i
        bc.CompleteAdding()
        let mutable outerSum = 0

        // Delegate for consuming the BlockingCollection and adding up all items
        let action = 
            Action(fun () ->
                let mutable localItem = 0
                let mutable localSum = 0

                while bc.TryTake &localItem do
                    localSum <- localSum + localItem
                Interlocked.Add(&outerSum, localSum)
                |> ignore)

        // Launch three parallel actions to consume the BlockingCollection
        Parallel.Invoke(action, action, action)

        printfn $"Sum[0..{NUMITEMS}) = {outerSum}, should be {((NUMITEMS * (NUMITEMS - 1)) / 2)}"
        printfn $"bc.IsCompleted = {bc.IsCompleted} (should be true)"

module FromToAnyDemo =
    // Demonstrates:
    //      Bounded BlockingCollection<T>
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.TryAddToAny()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.TryTakeFromAny()
    let blockingCollectionFromToAny () =
        let bcs = 
            [|
                new BlockingCollection<int>(5) // collection bounded to 5 items
                new BlockingCollection<int>(5) // collection bounded to 5 items
             |]
        // Should be able to add 10 items w/o blocking
        let mutable numFailures = 0;
        for i = 0 to 9 do
            if BlockingCollection<int>.TryAddToAny(bcs, i) = -1 then
                numFailures <- numFailures + 1
        printfn $"TryAddToAny: {numFailures} failures (should be 0)"

        // Should be able to retrieve 10 items
        let mutable numItems = 0
        let mutable item = 0
        while BlockingCollection<int>.TryTakeFromAny(bcs, &item) <> -1 do
            numItems <- numItems + 1
        printfn $"TryTakeFromAny: retrieved {numItems} items (should be 10)"

module ConsumingEnumerableDemo =
    // Demonstrates:
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    //      BlockingCollection<T>.GetConsumingEnumerable()
    let blockingCollectionGetConsumingEnumerable () =
        task {
            use bc = new BlockingCollection<int>()
            // Kick off a producer task
            let producerTask =
                task {
                    for i = 0 to 9 do
                        bc.Add i
                        printfn $"Producing: {i}"

                        do! Task.Delay 100 // sleep 100 ms between adds
                    // Need to do this to keep foreach below from hanging
                    bc.CompleteAdding()
                }

            // Now consume the blocking collection with foreach.
            // Use bc.GetConsumingEnumerable() instead of just bc because the
            // former will block waiting for completion and the latter will
            // simply take a snapshot of the current state of the underlying collection.
            for item in bc.GetConsumingEnumerable() do
                printfn $"Consuming: {item}"
            do! producerTask // Allow task to complete cleanup
        }

let main =
    task {
        do! AddTakeDemo.blockingCollectionAddTakeCompleteAdding ()
        TryTakeDemo.blockingCollectionTryTake ()
        FromToAnyDemo.blockingCollectionFromToAny ()
        do! ConsumingEnumerableDemo.blockingCollectionGetConsumingEnumerable ()
        printfn "Press any key to exit."
        Console.ReadKey(true) |> ignore
    }
main.Wait()

Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
Imports System.Threading

Class BlockingCollectionDemo
    Shared Sub Main()
        AddTakeDemo.BC_AddTakeCompleteAdding()
        TryTakeDemo.BC_TryTake()
        ToAnyDemo.BC_ToAny()
        ConsumingEnumerableDemo.BC_GetConsumingEnumerable()
        ' Keep the console window open in debug mode
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.")
        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub
End Class

Class AddTakeDemo

    ' Demonstrates:
    ' BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    ' BlockingCollection<T>.Take()
    ' BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    Shared Sub BC_AddTakeCompleteAdding()
        Using bc As New BlockingCollection(Of Integer)()

            ' Spin up a Task to populate the BlockingCollection 
            Using t1 As Task = Task.Factory.StartNew(
                Sub()
                    bc.Add(1)
                    bc.Add(2)
                    bc.Add(3)
                    bc.CompleteAdding()
                End Sub)
                ' Spin up a Task to consume the BlockingCollection
                Using t2 As Task = Task.Factory.StartNew(
                Sub()
                    Try
                        ' Consume the BlockingCollection
                        While True
                            Console.WriteLine(bc.Take())
                        End While
                    Catch generatedExceptionName As InvalidOperationException
                        ' An InvalidOperationException means that Take() was called on a completed collection
                        Console.WriteLine("That's All!")
                    End Try
                End Sub)

                    Task.WaitAll(t1, t2)
                End Using
            End Using
        End Using
    End Sub



End Class

'Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
'Imports System.Threading
'Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Class TryTakeDemo
    ' Demonstrates:
    ' BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
    ' BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
    ' BlockingCollection<T>.TryTake()
    ' BlockingCollection<T>.IsCompleted
    Shared Sub BC_TryTake()
        ' Construct and fill our BlockingCollection
        Using bc As New BlockingCollection(Of Integer)()
            Dim NUMITEMS As Integer = 10000
            For i As Integer = 0 To NUMITEMS - 1
                bc.Add(i)
            Next
            bc.CompleteAdding()
            Dim outerSum As Integer = 0

            ' Delegate for consuming the BlockingCollection and adding up all items
            Dim action As Action =
                Sub()
                    Dim localItem As Integer
                    Dim localSum As Integer = 0

                    While bc.TryTake(localItem)
                        localSum += localItem
                    End While
                    Interlocked.Add(outerSum, localSum)
                End Sub

            ' Launch three parallel actions to consume the BlockingCollection
            Parallel.Invoke(action, action, action)

            Console.WriteLine("Sum[0..{0}) = {1}, should be {2}", NUMITEMS, outerSum, ((NUMITEMS * (NUMITEMS - 1)) / 2))
            Console.WriteLine("bc.IsCompleted = {0} (should be true)", bc.IsCompleted)
        End Using
    End Sub

End Class

'Imports System.Threading.Tasks
'Imports System.Collections.Concurrent

' Demonstrates:
' Bounded BlockingCollection<T>
' BlockingCollection<T>.TryAddToAny()
' BlockingCollection<T>.TryTakeFromAny()
Class ToAnyDemo
    Shared Sub BC_ToAny()
        Dim bcs As BlockingCollection(Of Integer)() = New BlockingCollection(Of Integer)(1) {}
        bcs(0) = New BlockingCollection(Of Integer)(5)
        ' collection bounded to 5 items
        bcs(1) = New BlockingCollection(Of Integer)(5)
        ' collection bounded to 5 items
        ' Should be able to add 10 items w/o blocking
        Dim numFailures As Integer = 0
        For i As Integer = 0 To 9
            If BlockingCollection(Of Integer).TryAddToAny(bcs, i) = -1 Then
                numFailures += 1
            End If
        Next
        Console.WriteLine("TryAddToAny: {0} failures (should be 0)", numFailures)

        ' Should be able to retrieve 10 items
        Dim numItems As Integer = 0
        Dim item As Integer
        While BlockingCollection(Of Integer).TryTakeFromAny(bcs, item) <> -1
            numItems += 1
        End While
        Console.WriteLine("TryTakeFromAny: retrieved {0} items (should be 10)", numItems)
    End Sub
End Class

'Imports System.Threading.Tasks
'Imports System.Collections.Concurrent

' Demonstrates:
' BlockingCollection<T>.Add()
' BlockingCollection<T>.CompleteAdding()
' BlockingCollection<T>.GetConsumingEnumerable()

Class ConsumingEnumerableDemo
    Shared Sub BC_GetConsumingEnumerable()
        Using bc As New BlockingCollection(Of Integer)()

            ' Kick off a producer task
            Task.Factory.StartNew(
                Sub()
                    For i As Integer = 0 To 9
                        bc.Add(i)
                        ' sleep 100 ms between adds
                        Thread.Sleep(100)
                    Next

                    ' Need to do this to keep foreach below from not responding.
                    bc.CompleteAdding()
                End Sub)
            ' Now consume the blocking collection with foreach.
            ' Use bc.GetConsumingEnumerable() instead of just bc because the
            ' former will block waiting for completion and the latter will
            ' simply take a snapshot of the current state of the underlying collection.
            For Each item In bc.GetConsumingEnumerable()
                Console.WriteLine(item)
            Next
        End Using
    End Sub
End Class

Remarks

BlockingCollection<T> is a thread-safe collection class that provides the following:

• An implementation of the producer/consumer pattern; BlockingCollection<T> is a wrapper for the IProducerConsumerCollection<T> interface.

• Concurrent addition and removal of items from multiple threads with the Add and Take methods.

• A bounded collection that blocks Add and Take operations when the collection is full or empty.

• Cancellation of Add or Take operations by using a CancellationToken object in the TryAdd or TryTake method.

Important

This type implements the IDisposable interface. When you have finished using the type, you should dispose of it either directly or indirectly. To dispose of the type directly, call its Dispose method in a try/catch block. To dispose of it indirectly, use a language construct such as using (in C#) or Using (in Visual Basic). For more information, see the "Using an Object that Implements IDisposable" section in the IDisposable interface topic. Also, note that the Dispose() method is not thread-safe. All other public and protected members of BlockingCollection<T> are thread-safe and may be used concurrently from multiple threads.

IProducerConsumerCollection<T> represents a collection that allows for thread-safe adding and removal of data. BlockingCollection<T> is used as a wrapper for an IProducerConsumerCollection<T> instance, and allows removal attempts from the collection to block until data is available to be removed. Similarly, you can create a BlockingCollection<T> to enforce an upper bound on the number of data elements allowed in the IProducerConsumerCollection<T>; addition attempts to the collection may then block until space is available to store the added items. In this manner, BlockingCollection<T> is similar to a traditional blocking queue data structure, except that the underlying data storage mechanism is abstracted away as an IProducerConsumerCollection<T>.

BlockingCollection<T> supports bounding and blocking. Bounding means that you can set the maximum capacity of the collection. Bounding is important in certain scenarios because it enables you to control the maximum size of the collection in memory, and it prevents the producing threads from moving too far ahead of the consuming threads.Multiple threads or tasks can add items to the collection concurrently, and if the collection reaches its specified maximum capacity, the producing threads will block until an item is removed. Multiple consumers can remove items concurrently, and if the collection becomes empty, the consuming threads will block until a producer adds an item. A producing thread can call the CompleteAdding method to indicate that no more items will be added. Consumers monitor the IsCompleted property to know when the collection is empty and no more items will be added.

Add and Take operations are typically performed in a loop. You can cancel a loop by passing in a CancellationToken object to the TryAdd or TryTake method, and then checking the value of the token's IsCancellationRequested property on each iteration. If the value is true, it is up to you to respond the cancellation request by cleaning up any resources and exiting the loop.

When you create a BlockingCollection<T> object, you can specify not only the bounded capacity but also the type of collection to use. For example, you could specify a ConcurrentQueue<T> object for first in, first out (FIFO) behavior, or a ConcurrentStack<T> object for last in, first out (LIFO) behavior. You can use any collection class that implements the IProducerConsumerCollection<T> interface. The default collection type for BlockingCollection<T> is ConcurrentQueue<T>.

Do not modify the underlying collection directly. Use BlockingCollection<T> methods to add or remove elements. The BlockingCollection<T> object can become corrupted if you change the underlying collection directly.

BlockingCollection<T> was not designed with asynchronous access in mind. If your application requires asynchronous producer/consumer scenarios, consider using Channel<T> instead.

Constructors

BlockingCollection<T>()	Initializes a new instance of the BlockingCollection<T> class without an upper-bound.
BlockingCollection<T>(Int32)	Initializes a new instance of the BlockingCollection<T> class with the specified upper-bound.
BlockingCollection<T>(IProducerConsumerCollection<T>, Int32)	Initializes a new instance of the BlockingCollection<T> class with the specified upper-bound and using the provided IProducerConsumerCollection<T> as its underlying data store.
BlockingCollection<T>(IProducerConsumerCollection<T>)	Initializes a new instance of the BlockingCollection<T> class without an upper-bound and using the provided IProducerConsumerCollection<T> as its underlying data store.

Properties

BoundedCapacity	Gets the bounded capacity of this BlockingCollection<T> instance.
Count	Gets the number of items contained in the BlockingCollection<T>.
IsAddingCompleted	Gets whether this BlockingCollection<T> has been marked as complete for adding.
IsCompleted	Gets whether this BlockingCollection<T> has been marked as complete for adding and is empty.

Methods

Add(T, CancellationToken)	Adds the item to the BlockingCollection<T>.
Add(T)	Adds the item to the BlockingCollection<T>.
AddToAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, CancellationToken)	Adds the specified item to any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
AddToAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T)	Adds the specified item to any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
CompleteAdding()	Marks the BlockingCollection<T> instances as not accepting any more additions.
CopyTo(T[], Int32)	Copies all of the items in the BlockingCollection<T> instance to a compatible one-dimensional array, starting at the specified index of the target array.
Dispose()	Releases all resources used by the current instance of the BlockingCollection<T> class.
Dispose(Boolean)	Releases resources used by the BlockingCollection<T> instance.
Equals(Object)	Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object)
GetConsumingEnumerable()	Provides a consuming IEnumerable<T> for items in the collection.
GetConsumingEnumerable(CancellationToken)	Provides a consuming IEnumerable<T> for items in the collection.
GetHashCode()	Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object)
GetType()	Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone()	Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object)
Take()	Removes an item from the BlockingCollection<T>.
Take(CancellationToken)	Removes an item from the BlockingCollection<T>.
TakeFromAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, CancellationToken)	Takes an item from any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances while observing the specified cancellation token.
TakeFromAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T)	Takes an item from any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
ToArray()	Copies the items from the BlockingCollection<T> instance into a new array.
ToString()	Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object)
TryAdd(T, Int32, CancellationToken)	Tries to add the specified item to the BlockingCollection<T> within the specified time period, while observing a cancellation token.
TryAdd(T, Int32)	Tries to add the specified item to the BlockingCollection<T> within the specified time period.
TryAdd(T, TimeSpan)	Tries to add the specified item to the BlockingCollection<T>.
TryAdd(T)	Tries to add the specified item to the BlockingCollection<T>.
TryAddToAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, Int32, CancellationToken)	Tries to add the specified item to any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
TryAddToAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, Int32)	Tries to add the specified item to any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
TryAddToAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, TimeSpan)	Tries to add the specified item to any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances while observing the specified cancellation token.
TryAddToAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T)	Tries to add the specified item to any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
TryTake(T, Int32, CancellationToken)	Tries to remove an item from the BlockingCollection<T> in the specified time period while observing a cancellation token.
TryTake(T, Int32)	Tries to remove an item from the BlockingCollection<T> in the specified time period.
TryTake(T, TimeSpan)	Tries to remove an item from the BlockingCollection<T> in the specified time period.
TryTake(T)	Tries to remove an item from the BlockingCollection<T>.
TryTakeFromAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, Int32, CancellationToken)	Tries to remove an item from any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
TryTakeFromAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, Int32)	Tries to remove an item from any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
TryTakeFromAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T, TimeSpan)	Tries to remove an item from any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.
TryTakeFromAny(BlockingCollection<T>[], T)	Tries to remove an item from any one of the specified BlockingCollection<T> instances.

Explicit Interface Implementations

ICollection.CopyTo(Array, Int32)	Copies all of the items in the BlockingCollection<T> instance to a compatible one-dimensional array, starting at the specified index of the target array.
ICollection.IsSynchronized	Gets a value indicating whether access to the ICollection is synchronized (thread safe).
ICollection.SyncRoot	Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the ICollection. This property is not supported.
IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()	Provides an IEnumerator for items in the collection.
IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator()	Provides an IEnumerator<T> for items in the collection.

Extension Methods

ToFrozenDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a FrozenDictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector function.
ToFrozenDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a FrozenDictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.
ToFrozenSet<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IEqualityComparer<T>)	Creates a FrozenSet<T> with the specified values.
ToImmutableArray<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates an immutable array from the specified collection.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Constructs an immutable dictionary based on some transformation of a sequence.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Constructs an immutable dictionary from an existing collection of elements, applying a transformation function to the source keys.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable dictionary of its contents by using the specified key and value comparers.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable dictionary of its contents by using the specified key comparer.
ToImmutableDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable dictionary of its contents.
ToImmutableHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence, produces an immutable hash set of its contents, and uses the specified equality comparer for the set type.
ToImmutableHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence and produces an immutable hash set of its contents.
ToImmutableList<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence and produces an immutable list of its contents.
ToImmutableSortedDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IComparer<TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable sorted dictionary of its contents by using the specified key and value comparers.
ToImmutableSortedDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>, IComparer<TKey>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable sorted dictionary of its contents by using the specified key comparer.
ToImmutableSortedDictionary<TSource,TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TValue>)	Enumerates and transforms a sequence, and produces an immutable sorted dictionary of its contents.
ToImmutableSortedSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence, produces an immutable sorted set of its contents, and uses the specified comparer.
ToImmutableSortedSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enumerates a sequence and produces an immutable sorted set of its contents.
CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>, DataTable, LoadOption, FillErrorEventHandler)	Copies DataRow objects to the specified DataTable, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter T is DataRow.
CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>, DataTable, LoadOption)	Copies DataRow objects to the specified DataTable, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter T is DataRow.
CopyToDataTable<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a DataTable that contains copies of the DataRow objects, given an input IEnumerable<T> object where the generic parameter T is DataRow.
Aggregate<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TSource,TSource>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence.
Aggregate<TSource,TAccumulate>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value.
Aggregate<TSource,TAccumulate,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TAccumulate, Func<TAccumulate,TSource,TAccumulate>, Func<TAccumulate,TResult>)	Applies an accumulator function over a sequence. The specified seed value is used as the initial accumulator value, and the specified function is used to select the result value.
All<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Determines whether all elements of a sequence satisfy a condition.
Any<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Determines whether any element of a sequence satisfies a condition.
Any<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Determines whether a sequence contains any elements.
Append<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Appends a value to the end of the sequence.
AsEnumerable<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the input typed as IEnumerable<T>.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Computes the average of a sequence of nullable Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Average<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Computes the average of a sequence of Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Cast<TResult>(IEnumerable)	Casts the elements of an IEnumerable to the specified type.
Chunk<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Splits the elements of a sequence into chunks of size at most size.
Concat<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Concatenates two sequences.
Contains<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Determines whether a sequence contains a specified element by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.
Contains<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Determines whether a sequence contains a specified element by using the default equality comparer.
Count<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns a number that represents how many elements in the specified sequence satisfy a condition.
Count<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the number of elements in a sequence.
DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the specified value in a singleton collection if the sequence is empty.
DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the elements of the specified sequence or the type parameter's default value in a singleton collection if the sequence is empty.
Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
Distinct<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence by using the default equality comparer to compare values.
DistinctBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence according to a specified key selector function and using a specified comparer to compare keys.
DistinctBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Returns distinct elements from a sequence according to a specified key selector function.
ElementAt<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Index)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence.
ElementAt<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence.
ElementAtOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Index)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence or a default value if the index is out of range.
ElementAtOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns the element at a specified index in a sequence or a default value if the index is out of range.
Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
Except<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the default equality comparer to compare values.
ExceptBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
ExceptBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Produces the set difference of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the first element in a sequence that satisfies a specified condition.
First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the first element of a sequence.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the first element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence contains no elements.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)	Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition, or a specified default value if no such element is found.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found.
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the first element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and compares the keys by using a specified comparer.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a key selector function. The keys are compared by using a comparer and each group's elements are projected by using a specified function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and projects the elements for each group by using a specified function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TSource>,TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. The keys are compared by using a specified comparer.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TSource>,TResult>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource, TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TElement>, TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. Key values are compared by using a specified comparer, and the elements of each group are projected by using a specified function.
GroupBy<TSource,TKey,TElement,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, Func<TKey,IEnumerable<TElement>,TResult>)	Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and creates a result value from each group and its key. The elements of each group are projected by using a specified function.
GroupJoin<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on key equality and groups the results. A specified IEqualityComparer<T> is used to compare keys.
GroupJoin<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on equality of keys and groups the results. The default equality comparer is used to compare keys.
Intersect<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences by using the specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
Intersect<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences by using the default equality comparer to compare values.
IntersectBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
IntersectBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TKey>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Produces the set intersection of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
Join<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,TInner,TResult>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on matching keys. A specified IEqualityComparer<T> is used to compare keys.
Join<TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult>(IEnumerable<TOuter>, IEnumerable<TInner>, Func<TOuter,TKey>, Func<TInner,TKey>, Func<TOuter,TInner,TResult>)	Correlates the elements of two sequences based on matching keys. The default equality comparer is used to compare keys.
Last<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition.
Last<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the last element of a sequence.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the last element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence contains no elements.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)	Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a condition, or a specified default value if no such element is found.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the last element of a sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found.
LastOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the last element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements.
LongCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns an Int64 that represents how many elements in a sequence satisfy a condition.
LongCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns an Int64 that represents the total number of elements in a sequence.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Decimal value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Double value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Int32 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Int64 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Decimal value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Double value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Int32 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Int64 value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum nullable Single value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the maximum Single value.
Max<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence.
Max<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a generic sequence and returns the maximum resulting value.
MaxBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
MaxBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Returns the maximum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IComparer<TSource>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Decimal value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Double value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Int32 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Int64 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Decimal value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Double value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Int32 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Int64 value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum nullable Single value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a sequence and returns the minimum Single value.
Min<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence.
Min<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)	Invokes a transform function on each element of a generic sequence and returns the minimum resulting value.
MinBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
MinBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Returns the minimum value in a generic sequence according to a specified key selector function.
OfType<TResult>(IEnumerable)	Filters the elements of an IEnumerable based on a specified type.
Order<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IComparer<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order.
Order<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order.
OrderBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order by using a specified comparer.
OrderBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in ascending order according to a key.
OrderByDescending<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IComparer<TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order by using a specified comparer.
OrderByDescending<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order according to a key.
OrderDescending<T>(IEnumerable<T>, IComparer<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order.
OrderDescending<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Sorts the elements of a sequence in descending order.
Prepend<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Adds a value to the beginning of the sequence.
Reverse<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Inverts the order of the elements in a sequence.
Select<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence into a new form.
Select<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence into a new form by incorporating the element's index.
SelectMany<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,IEnumerable<TResult>>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T> and flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence.
SelectMany<TSource,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,IEnumerable<TResult>>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, and flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence. The index of each source element is used in the projected form of that element.
SelectMany<TSource,TCollection,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,IEnumerable<TCollection>>, Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence, and invokes a result selector function on each element therein.
SelectMany<TSource,TCollection,TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,IEnumerable<TCollection>>, Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult>)	Projects each element of a sequence to an IEnumerable<T>, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence, and invokes a result selector function on each element therein. The index of each source element is used in the intermediate projected form of that element.
SequenceEqual<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing their elements by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.
SequenceEqual<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing the elements by using the default equality comparer for their type.
Single<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition, and throws an exception if more than one such element exists.
Single<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the only element of a sequence, and throws an exception if there is not exactly one element in the sequence.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource)	Returns the only element of a sequence, or a specified default value if the sequence is empty; this method throws an exception if there is more than one element in the sequence.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>, TSource)	Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition, or a specified default value if no such element exists; this method throws an exception if more than one element satisfies the condition.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns the only element of a sequence that satisfies a specified condition or a default value if no such element exists; this method throws an exception if more than one element satisfies the condition.
SingleOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Returns the only element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence is empty; this method throws an exception if there is more than one element in the sequence.
Skip<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Bypasses a specified number of elements in a sequence and then returns the remaining elements.
SkipLast<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns a new enumerable collection that contains the elements from source with the last count elements of the source collection omitted.
SkipWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Bypasses elements in a sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements.
SkipWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)	Bypasses elements in a sequence as long as a specified condition is true and then returns the remaining elements. The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Decimal>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Double>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int64>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Decimal>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Decimal values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Double>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Double values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int32>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Int32 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Int64>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Int64 values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Nullable<Single>>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of nullable Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Sum<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Single>)	Computes the sum of the sequence of Single values that are obtained by invoking a transform function on each element of the input sequence.
Take<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns a specified number of contiguous elements from the start of a sequence.
Take<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Range)	Returns a specified range of contiguous elements from a sequence.
TakeLast<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Returns a new enumerable collection that contains the last count elements from source.
TakeWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Returns elements from a sequence as long as a specified condition is true.
TakeWhile<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)	Returns elements from a sequence as long as a specified condition is true. The element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
ToArray<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates an array from a IEnumerable<T>.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function, a comparer, and an element selector function.
ToDictionary<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)	Creates a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.
ToHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Creates a HashSet<T> from an IEnumerable<T> using the comparer to compare keys.
ToHashSet<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates a HashSet<T> from an IEnumerable<T>.
ToList<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Creates a List<T> from an IEnumerable<T>.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function and key comparer.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to a specified key selector function, a comparer and an element selector function.
ToLookup<TSource,TKey,TElement>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, Func<TSource,TElement>)	Creates a Lookup<TKey,TElement> from an IEnumerable<T> according to specified key selector and element selector functions.
TryGetNonEnumeratedCount<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Int32)	Attempts to determine the number of elements in a sequence without forcing an enumeration.
Union<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)	Produces the set union of two sequences by using a specified IEqualityComparer<T>.
Union<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>)	Produces the set union of two sequences by using the default equality comparer.
UnionBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>, IEqualityComparer<TKey>)	Produces the set union of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
UnionBy<TSource,TKey>(IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,TKey>)	Produces the set union of two sequences according to a specified key selector function.
Where<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)	Filters a sequence of values based on a predicate.
Where<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Int32,Boolean>)	Filters a sequence of values based on a predicate. Each element's index is used in the logic of the predicate function.
Zip<TFirst,TSecond>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>)	Produces a sequence of tuples with elements from the two specified sequences.
Zip<TFirst,TSecond,TThird>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>, IEnumerable<TThird>)	Produces a sequence of tuples with elements from the three specified sequences.
Zip<TFirst,TSecond,TResult>(IEnumerable<TFirst>, IEnumerable<TSecond>, Func<TFirst,TSecond,TResult>)	Applies a specified function to the corresponding elements of two sequences, producing a sequence of the results.
AsParallel(IEnumerable)	Enables parallelization of a query.
AsParallel<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)	Enables parallelization of a query.
AsQueryable(IEnumerable)	Converts an IEnumerable to an IQueryable.
AsQueryable<TElement>(IEnumerable<TElement>)	Converts a generic IEnumerable<T> to a generic IQueryable<T>.
Ancestors<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)	Returns a filtered collection of elements that contains the ancestors of every node in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.
Ancestors<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of elements that contains the ancestors of every node in the source collection.
DescendantNodes<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of the descendant nodes of every document and element in the source collection.
Descendants<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)	Returns a filtered collection of elements that contains the descendant elements of every element and document in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.
Descendants<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of elements that contains the descendant elements of every element and document in the source collection.
Elements<T>(IEnumerable<T>, XName)	Returns a filtered collection of the child elements of every element and document in the source collection. Only elements that have a matching XName are included in the collection.
Elements<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of the child elements of every element and document in the source collection.
InDocumentOrder<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of nodes that contains all nodes in the source collection, sorted in document order.
Nodes<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Returns a collection of the child nodes of every document and element in the source collection.
Remove<T>(IEnumerable<T>)	Removes every node in the source collection from its parent node.

Thread Safety

The Dispose method is not thread-safe. All other public and protected members of BlockingCollection<T> are thread-safe and may be used concurrently from multiple threads.

See also

• Thread-Safe Collections
• BlockingCollection Overview
• How to: Add Bounding and Blocking Functionality to a Collection Class