Walkthrough: Implementing Inheritance with COM Objects (Visual Basic)

Článek
07/22/2011

You can derive Visual Basic classes from Public classes in COM objects, even those created in earlier versions of Visual Basic. The properties and methods of classes inherited from COM objects can be overridden or overloaded just as properties and methods of any other base class can be overridden or overloaded. Inheritance from COM objects is useful when you have an existing class library that you do not want to recompile.

The following procedure shows how to use Visual Basic 6.0 to create a COM object that contains a class, and then use it as a base class.

Poznámka

Your computer might show different names or locations for some of the Visual Studio user interface elements in the following instructions. The Visual Studio edition that you have and the settings that you use determine these elements. For more information, see Visual Studio Settings.

To build the COM object that is used in this walkthrough

In Visual Basic 6.0, open a new ActiveX DLL project. A project named Project1 is created. It has a class named Class1.
In the Project Explorer, right-click Project1, and then click Project1 Properties. The Project Properties dialog box is displayed.
On the General tab of the Project Properties dialog box, change the project name by typing ComObject1 in the Project Name field.
In the Project Explorer, right-click Class1, and then click Properties. The Properties window for the class is displayed.
Change the Name property to MathFunctions.
In the Project Explorer, right-click MathFunctions, and then click View Code. The Code Editor is displayed.

Add a local variable to hold the property value:

' Local variable to hold property value
Private mvarProp1 As Integer

Add Property Let and Property Get property procedures:

Public Property Let Prop1(ByVal vData As Integer)
   'Used when assigning a value to the property.
   mvarProp1 = vData
End Property
Public Property Get Prop1() As Integer
   'Used when retrieving a property's value.
   Prop1 = mvarProp1
End Property

Add a function:

Function AddNumbers( 
   ByVal SomeNumber As Integer, 
   ByVal AnotherNumber As Integer) As Integer

   AddNumbers = SomeNumber + AnotherNumber
End Function

Create and register the COM object by clicking Make ComObject1.dll on the File menu.

Poznámka

Although you can also expose a class created with Visual Basic as a COM object, it is not a true COM object and cannot be used in this walkthrough. For details, see COM Interoperability in .NET Framework Applications (Visual Basic).

Interop Assemblies

In the following procedure, you will create an interop assembly, which acts as a bridge between unmanaged code (such as a COM object) and the managed code Visual Studio uses. The interop assembly that Visual Basic creates handles many of the details of working with COM objects, such as interop marshaling, the process of packaging parameters and return values into equivalent data types as they move to and from COM objects. The reference in the Visual Basic application points to the interop assembly, not the actual COM object.

To use a COM object with Visual Basic 2005 and later versions

Open a new Visual Basic Windows Application project.
On the Project menu, click Add Reference.

The Add Reference dialog box is displayed.
On the COM tab, double-click ComObject1 in the Component Name list and click OK.
On the Project menu, click Add New Item.

The Add New Item dialog box is displayed.
In the Templates pane, click Class.

The default file name, Class1.vb, appears in the Name field. Change this field to MathClass.vb and click Add. This creates a class named MathClass, and displays its code.

Add the following code to the top of MathClass to inherit from the COM class.

' The inherited class is called MathFunctions in the base class,
' but the interop assembly appends the word Class to the name.
Inherits ComObject1.MathFunctionsClass

Overload the public method of the base class by adding the following code to MathClass:

'  This method overloads the method AddNumbers from the base class.
Overloads Function AddNumbers(
    ByVal SomeNumber As Integer,
    ByVal AnotherNumber As Integer) As Integer

    Return SomeNumber + AnotherNumber
End Function

Extend the inherited class by adding the following code to MathClass:

'  The following function extends the inherited class.
Function SubtractNumbers(
    ByVal SomeNumber As Integer,
    ByVal AnotherNumber As Integer) As Integer

    Return AnotherNumber - SomeNumber
End Function

The new class inherits the properties of the base class in the COM object, overloads a method, and defines a new method to extend the class.

To test the inherited class

Add a button to your startup form, and then double-click it to view its code.

In the button's Click event handler procedure, add the following code to create an instance of MathClass and call the overloaded methods:

Dim Result1 As Short
Dim Result2 As Integer
Dim Result3 As Integer
Dim MathObject As New MathClass
Result1 = MathObject.AddNumbers(4S, 2S) ' Add two Shorts.
Result2 = MathObject.AddNumbers(4, 2) 'Add two Integers.
Result3 = MathObject.SubtractNumbers(2, 4) ' Subtract 2 from 4.
MathObject.Prop1 = 6 ' Set an inherited property.

MsgBox("Calling the AddNumbers method in the base class " &
       "using Short type numbers 4 and 2 = " & Result1)
MsgBox("Calling the overloaded AddNumbers method using " &
       "Integer type numbers 4 and 2 = " & Result2)
MsgBox("Calling the SubtractNumbers method " &
       "subtracting 2 from 4 = " & Result3)
MsgBox("The value of the inherited property is " &
        MathObject.Prop1)

Run the project by pressing F5.

When you click the button on the form, the AddNumbers method is first called with Short data type numbers, and Visual Basic chooses the appropriate method from the base class. The second call to AddNumbers is directed to the overload method from MathClass. The third call calls the SubtractNumbers method, which extends the class. The property in the base class is set, and the value is displayed.

Next Steps

You may have noticed that the overloaded AddNumbers function appears to have the same data type as the method inherited from the base class of the COM object. This is because the arguments and parameters of the base class method are defined as 16-bit integers in Visual Basic 6.0, but they are exposed as 16-bit integers of type Short in later versions of Visual Basic. The new function accepts 32-bit integers, and overloads the base class function.

When working with COM objects, make sure that you verify the size and data types of parameters. For example, when you are using a COM object that accepts a Visual Basic 6.0 collection object as an argument, you cannot provide a collection from a later version of Visual Basic.

Properties and methods inherited from COM classes can be overridden, meaning that you can declare a local property or method that replaces a property or method inherited from a base COM class. The rules for overriding inherited COM properties are similar to the rules for overriding other properties and methods with the following exceptions:

If you override any property or method inherited from a COM class, you must override all the other inherited properties and methods.
Properties that use ByRef parameters cannot be overridden.

Sdílet prostřednictvím

Walkthrough: Implementing Inheritance with COM Objects (Visual Basic)

To build the COM object that is used in this walkthrough

Interop Assemblies

To use a COM object with Visual Basic 2005 and later versions

To test the inherited class

Next Steps

See Also

Reference

Other Resources

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