Navigate the SharePoint data structure represented in the REST service

Článek
09/26/2023

When you're working with the SharePoint REST service, you'll often start out knowing the URL of a specific SharePoint item, but want to access related items, such as the folder or library structure where that item resides. For example, suppose you create an add-in where your user enters the URL of a document in a SharePoint library. Your add-in must then break down that URL to figure out the actual SharePoint site URL. After it's done that, the add-in can then make more requests from the site on the user's behalf, such as to create, update, or delete related items or resources.

To do this, your add-in needs to query SharePoint for the following information:

The server relative URLs of the site and site collection containing the resource.
A form digest to enable you to perform requests that change the state of the resource, such as POST, PUT, MERGE, and DELETE.

The basic process

Use the /contextinfo operator with the given URL to access the site and site collection addresses, and the form digest. Use the /contextinfo operator in the following format:
```
POST https://{site_url}/_api/contextinfo
Authorization: "Bearer " + accessToken
Accept: "application/json;odata=verbose"
```
To increase security against cross-site scripting attempts, the /contextinfo operator accepts only POST requests.
Use the SPContextWebInformation object properties that the /contextinfo operator returns to access additional resources as desired.

Try it

Start with a URL to a given SharePoint item. For example: https://{site_url}/doclib/myDocument.docx
Remove the name of the specific resource from the end of the URL, so that the URL points to a document library, folder, or list. In this case: https://{site_url}/doclib/

Append the REST service pointer and the /contextinfo operator to the URL:

POST https://{site_url}/_api/doclib/contextinfo
Authorization: "Bearer " + accessToken
Accept: "application/json;odata=verbose"

Read the form digest and webFullUrl properties from the response.
Append the REST service pointer _api to the web URL.
Use the resulting URL and the form digest to make requests for other resources you need.

Tip

You don't have to pass the form digest if you're making GET requests, or making requests using a validated OAuth token.

Navigate parent and child sites

When you navigate your site structure using the SharePoint server object model, you use the SPWeb.ParentWeb and SPWeb.Webs properties to access objects that represent parent and child sites.

The corresponding REST resources, web/parentweb and web/webs, don't return objects that represent sites. This is because the REST service conforms to OData standards, and returning complete site representations would make such requests inefficient. Instead, they return a WebInfo object that contains the site's scalar properties, but without related entity sets such as like collections or field collections.

To navigate to a specific parent or child site, construct the appropriate REST URL to that site by using the Id or Title property. From there, you can access that site's related entity sets.

Navigate folder structure

The SharePoint REST service does not support traversing the folder hierarchy of a site through the URL construction. Instead, use the REST equivalent of the Web.GetFolderByServerRelativeUrl method. For example:

Navigation not supported through the REST service:

https://{site_url}/_vti_bin/client.svc/web/lists/SharedDocuments/folder1/stuff/things/Recycle

Navigation that is supported by the REST service:

https://{site_url}/_vti_bin/client.svc/web/GetFolderByServerRelativeUrl('SharedDocuments/folder1/stuff/things')/Recycle

SPContextWebInformation object properties

SPContextWebInformation Property	Description
webFullUrl	Gets the server-relative URL of the nearest site.
siteFullUrl	Gets the server-relative URL of the root of the site collection that the site is contained within. If the nearest web is the root of a site collection, the value of the webFullUrl property is equal to the siteFullUrl property.
formDigestValue	Gets the server's request form digest.
LibraryVersion	Gets the current version of the REST library.
SupportedSchemaVersions	Gets the versions of the schema of the REST/CSOM library that are supported.

WebInfo object

WebInfo property	Description
Created	Gets a value that specifies when the site was created.
Description	Gets or sets the description for the site.
Id	Gets a value that specifies the site identifier.
Language	Gets a value that specifies the locale ID (LCID) for the language that is used on the site.
LastItemModifiedDate	Gets a value that specifies when an item was last modified on the site.
Title	Gets or sets the title for the site.
WebTemplateId	Gets the identifier of the site template.

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