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Accessing Memory-Optimized Tables Using Interpreted Transact-SQL

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Not supported. Azure Synapse Analytics Not supported. Analytics Platform System (PDW)

With only a few exceptions, you can access memory-optimized tables using any Transact-SQL query or DML operation (select, insert, update, or delete), ad hoc batches, and SQL modules such as stored procedures, table-value functions, triggers, and views.

Interpreted Transact-SQL refers to Transact-SQL batches or stored procedures other than a natively compiled stored procedure. Interpreted Transact-SQL access to memory-optimized tables is referred to as interop access.

Starting with SQL Server 2016 (13.x), queries in interpreted Transact-SQL can scan memory-optimized tables in parallel, instead of just in serial mode.

Memory-optimized tables can also be accessed using a natively compiled stored procedure. Natively compiled stored procedures are recommended for performance-critical OLTP operations.

Interpreted Transact-SQL access is recommended for these scenarios:

  • Ad hoc queries and administrative tasks.

  • Reporting queries, which typically use constructs not available in natively compiled stored procedures (such as window functions, sometimes referred to as OVER functions).

  • To migrate performance-critical parts of your application to memory-optimized tables, with minimal (or no) application code changes. You can potentially see performance improvements from migrating tables. If you then migrate stored procedures to natively compiled stored procedures, you may see further performance improvement.

  • When a Transact-SQL statement is not available for natively compiled stored procedures.

However, the following Transact-SQL constructs are not supported in interpreted Transact-SQL stored procedures that access data in a memory-optimized table.

Area Unsupported
Access to tables TRUNCATE TABLE

MERGE (memory-optimized table as target)

Dynamic and keyset cursors (these automatically degrade to static).

Access from CLR modules, using the context connection.

Referencing a memory-optimized table from an indexed view.
Cross-database Cross-database queries

Cross-database transactions

Linked servers

Table Hints

For more information about table hints, see. Table Hints (Transact-SQL). The SNAPSHOT was added to support In-Memory OLTP.

The following table hints are not supported when accessing a memory-optimized table using interpreted Transact-SQL.

HOLDLOCK

PAGLOCK

READUNCOMMITTED

TABLOCKXX

IGNORE_CONSTRAINTS

READCOMMITTED

ROWLOCK

UPDLOCK

IGNORE_TRIGGERS

READCOMMITTEDLOCK

SPATIAL_WINDOW_MAX_CELLS = integer

XLOCK

NOWAIT

READPAST

TABLOCK

When accessing a memory-optimized table from an explicit or implicit transaction using interpreted Transact-SQL, you must do at least one of the following:

An isolation level table hint is not required for memory-optimized tables accessed by queries running in auto-commit mode.

See Also

Transact-SQL Support for In-Memory OLTP

Migrating to In-Memory OLTP