Open an elevated command prompt and run these commands:
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /SCANHEALTH
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /CHECKHEALTH
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /RESTOREHEALTH
Sfc /Scannow
Reboot.
Ref:
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I have a code error 0x800f0831 for kb 5029244
Open an elevated command prompt and run these commands:
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /SCANHEALTH
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /CHECKHEALTH
DISM /ONLINE /CLEANUP-IMAGE /RESTOREHEALTH
Sfc /Scannow
Reboot.
Ref:
Hello
Error 0x800f0831 can occur when you try to install a Windows update, especially a cumulative update. This issue is more likely to occur when there’s no access to Microsoft Update. The error message in WindowsUpdate.log will be FATAL: CBS called Error with 0x800f0831.
To resolve this issue, you can try the following:
Manually repair with the payload of the partially installed component. Go to Microsoft Update Catalog and enter the package ID of the <Missing_Package> in the Search box. Find the update that applies to your operating system appropriately in the search results, and then select the Download button. In the Microsoft Update Catalog window, select the link of the file to download the update. Select Close after the download process is done. Then, you can find a folder that contains the update package in the location that you specified. Open the folder, and then double-click the update package to install the update.
You may try run Windows Update troubleshooter too.
Have a look at: