Hello,
After extensive research, I found that there's no direct way to use RDP with an authenticator app.
Connecting to a Windows machine via RDP without a password can be challenging, especially when password entry is disabled. However, some third-party remote desktop tools offer alternative authentication methods that might work in your scenario.
Or you can try the method provide in Can't Access Home RDP PC's Since Using Passwordless Authenticator App - Microsoft Q&A
Other reference:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/809494/how-to-enable-multi-factor-authentication-for-rdp
If the Answer is helpful, please click Accept Answer and upvote it.