I'm glad that you were able to resolve your issue and thank you for posting your solution so that others experiencing the same thing can easily reference this! Since the Microsoft Q&A community has a policy that "The question author cannot accept their own answer. They can only accept answers by others ", I'll repost your solution in case you'd like to "Accept " the answer.
Issue:
Can't access to "Get my Verified ID" in https://myaccount.microsoft.com/
Solution:
Issue resolved by @MOD Administrator.
The service principal that 'MyAccount' is utilizing might be missing. You can verify this in the Cloud Shell using PowerShell. If the Get command doesn't return data, use the 'New' command to create and add the service principal. Afterward, wait for one hour before attempting to use 'MyAccount' again.
Install-Module AzureAD
Connect-AzureAD -TenantId "<your tenant id>"
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -Filter "displayName eq 'My Profile'"
# if you don't get a result, then add the My Profile SP
New-AzureADServicePrincipal -AppId "8c59ead7-d703-4a27-9e55-c96a0054c8d2"
If I missed anything please let me know and I'd be happy to add it to my answer, or feel free to comment below with any additional information.
I hope this helps!
If you have any other questions, please let me know. Thank you again for your time and patience throughout this issue.