Hi Manuel Diaz Sola,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A Forum, Thank you for posting your query here!
Using Blob Storage replication is a really good way to avoid operational toil. According to the documentation, object replica copy prevents blobs asynchronously between the source storage account and the destination account. This system is designed to improve data quality, reduce latency, and increase computing efficiency.
The documentation doesn't explicitly address this with your specific concerns about whether replication occurs through Microsoft's internal network, Azure’s infrastructure typically ensures that data replication within the same region uses Microsoft’s internal network to maintain high performance and security standards
For more information: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/object-replication-configure
Please let us know if you have any further queries. I’m happy to assist you further.