@Brumbaugh, Will Thanks for posting in our Q&A.
From your description, this issue also occurs when you use the update assistant. It seems this issue not related to intune. To get more information, I will add windows 11 tag.
Based on my research, I found someone shared a method to fix this error. Please refer to the following link:
https://www.thewindowsclub.com/fix-windows-upgrade-error-codes-0xc190010d-0xc190010a
Note: Non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
Hope it will help.
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