Feed Item Record - Bulk

Defines a feed item that can be downloaded and uploaded in a bulk file.

Tip

For an overview of how to use feeds and feed items, see the Ad Customizer Feeds, Auto Inventory Feeds and Page Feeds technical guides.

Note

• Upgrade your expanded text ads to responsive search ads by February 1, 2023. After this date, you will no longer be able to create new or edit existing expanded text ads. For more information, see About responsive search ads.
• Your scheduled feeds will continue to run and existing expanded text ads using ad customizer feeds will continue to serve. You'll be able to view reports on their performance.
• You'll still be able to pause, run, or remove your existing ad customizer feeds. Otherwise, attempts to create or edit existing ad customizers for expanded text ads will result in a CustomerNotEligibleForAdCustomizersFeed error.
• Learn more about this change.

If you are creating new parent and child entities in the same Bulk file, the dependent records must be included after dependencies according to hierarchy:

1. Feed
2. Campaign
3. Ad Group
4. Feed Item

You can have 100 feeds per account (this maximum number includes all feed types) and the maximum number of feed items (rows) per account is 5 million.

You can download all Feed Item records in the account by including the DownloadEntity value of FeedItems in the DownloadCampaignsByAccountIds or DownloadCampaignsByCampaignIds service request. Additionally the download request must include the EntityData scope. For more details about the Bulk service including best practices, see Bulk Download and Upload.

The following Bulk CSV example would add a new page feed and ad customizer Feed with one feed item for each.

Type,Status,Id,Parent Id,Sub Type,Campaign,Ad Group,Target Campaign Id,Target Ad Group Id,Client Id,Modified Time,Start Date,End Date,Device Preference,Keyword,Match Type,Target,Physical Intent,Name,Ad Schedule,Audience Id,Feed Name,Custom Attributes
Format Version,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6,,,,
Feed,Active,-20,,PageFeed,,,,,PageFeedClientIdGoesHere,,,,,,,,,,,,MyPageFeedName,"[{""name"":""Page Url"",""feedAttributeType"":""Url"",""isPartOfKey"":true},{""name"":""Custom Label"",""feedAttributeType"":""StringList""},{""name"":""Ad Title"",""feedAttributeType"":""String""}]"
Feed,Active,-21,,AdCustomizerFeed,,,,,AdCustomizerFeedClientIdGoesHere,,,,,,,,,,,,MyAdCustomizerFeedName,"[{""name"":""DateTimeName"",""feedAttributeType"":""DateTime""},{""name"":""Int64Name"",""feedAttributeType"":""Int64""},{""name"":""PriceName"",""feedAttributeType"":""Price""},{""name"":""StringName"",""feedAttributeType"":""String"",""isPartOfKey"":true}]"
Feed,Active,123456789,DynamicDataAutoListingFeedNew,CampaignName,AUTO ad group,-21,,DynamicDataAutosListingFeed,,"[{""name"":""Vehicle ID""},{""name"":""Final URL""},{""name"":""Image URL""},{""name"":""Make""},{""name"":""Model""},{""name"":""Price""},{""name"":""Title""},{""name"":""Target campaign""},{""name"":""Target ad group""},{""name"":""Latitude""},{""name"":""Longitude""},{""name"":""Mileage value""},{""name"":""Mileage unit""},{""name"":""Year""},{""name"":""Fuel type""},{""name"":""Transmission""},{""name"":""City""},{""name"":""VIN""},{""name"":""State of vehicle""}]"
Feed Item,Active,123456789,DynamicDataAutoListingFeedNew,CampaignName,AUTO ad group,,-21,,,"{""Vehicle Id"":""2g161290-1d13"",""""Final Url"""":""https:\/\/www.contoso.com\/used-Redmond1"",""Image Urls"":""https:\/\/www.contoso.com\/inventoryphotos\/01.jpg;https:\/\/www.contoso.com\/inventoryphotos\/02.jpg"",""Make"":""Contoso"",""Model"":""SUV"",""Price"":""65495.00 USD"",""Title"":""2020 SUV"",""Target campaign"":""CampaignName"",""Target ad group"":"""",""Latitude"":"""",""Logitude"":"""",""Mileage Value"":""13000"",""Mileage Unit"":""MI"",""Year"":""2020"",""Fuel Type"":"""",""Transmission"":"""",""City"":""Redmond"",""Vin"":""SALLJGML8HA004044"",""State of Vehicle"":""USED"",""Trim"":""HSE""}"
Feed Item,Active,-200,-20,,,,20;200,,2020/06/22 00:00:00,2020/06/30 00:00:00,,,,,,,,,,"{""Page Url"":""https://contoso.com/3001"",""Custom Label"":[""Label_1_3001"",""Label_2_3001""],""Ad Title"":""An ad title""}"
Feed Item,Active,-210,-21,,,,21;210,,2020/06/22 00:00:00,2020/06/30 00:00:00,,value,Broad,,PeopleIn,,(Sunday[09:00-17:00]),,,"{""DateTimeName"":""2020/06/22 00:00:00"",""Int64Name"":237601,""PriceName"":""$601"",""StringName"":""s237601""}"

If you are using the Bing Ads SDKs for .NET, Java, or Python, you can save time using the BulkServiceManager to upload and download the BulkFeedItem object, instead of calling the service operations directly and writing custom code to parse each field in the bulk file.

var uploadEntities = new List<BulkEntity>();

// Map properties in the Bulk file to the BulkFeedItem
var bulkAdCustomizerFeedItem = new BulkFeedItem
{
	// 'Parent Id' column header in the Bulk file
	FeedId = adCustomizerFeedIdKey,
	// 'Custom Attributes' column header in the Bulk file
	CustomAttributes = adCustomizerFeedItemCustomAttributesJson,
	// 'Id' column header in the Bulk file
	Id = null,
	// 'Target Ad Group Id' column header in the Bulk file
	AdGroupId = null,
	// 'Ad Group' column header in the Bulk file
	AdGroupName = null,
	// 'Audience Id' column header in the Bulk file
	AudienceId = null,
	// 'Target Campaign Id' column header in the Bulk file
	CampaignId = null,
	// 'Campaign' column header in the Bulk file
	CampaignName = null,
	// 'Ad Schedule' column header in the Bulk file
	DayTimeRanges = new[]
	{
		// Each day and time range is delimited by a semicolon (;) in the Bulk file
		// Within each day and time range the format is Day[StartHour:StartMinue-EndHour:EndMinute].
		new DayTime
		{
			Day = Day.Monday,
			StartHour = 9,
			StartMinute = Minute.Zero,
			EndHour = 21,
			EndMinute = Minute.Zero,
		},
	},
	// 'End Date' column header in the Bulk file
	EndDate = null,
	// 'Start Date' column header in the Bulk file
	StartDate = null,
	// 'Physical Intent' column header in the Bulk file
	IntentOption = IntentOption.PeopleIn,
	// 'Keyword' column header in the Bulk file
	Keyword = "insurance",
	// 'Target' column header in the Bulk file
	LocationId = 190,
	// 'Match Type' column header in the Bulk file
	MatchType = MatchType.Exact,
	// 'Device Preference' column header in the Bulk file
	DevicePreference = null,
	// 'Client Id' column header in the Bulk file
	ClientId = "ClientIdGoesHere",
	// 'Status' column header in the Bulk file
	Status = Status.Active
};

uploadEntities.Add(bulkAdCustomizerFeedItem);

// Map properties in the Bulk file to the BulkFeedItem
var bulkPageFeedItem = new BulkFeedItem
{
    // 'Parent Id' column header in the Bulk file
    FeedId = pageFeedIdKey,
    // 'Custom Attributes' column header in the Bulk file
    CustomAttributes = pageFeedItemCustomAttributesJson,
    // 'Id' column header in the Bulk file
    Id = null,
    // 'Client Id' column header in the Bulk file
    ClientId = "ClientIdGoesHere",
    // 'Status' column header in the Bulk file
    Status = Status.Active
};

uploadEntities.Add(bulkPageFeedItem);

var entityUploadParameters = new EntityUploadParameters
{
    Entities = uploadEntities,
    ResponseMode = ResponseMode.ErrorsAndResults,
    ResultFileDirectory = FileDirectory,
    ResultFileName = DownloadFileName,
    OverwriteResultFile = true,
};

var uploadResultEntities = (await BulkServiceManager.UploadEntitiesAsync(entityUploadParameters)).ToList();

For a Feed Item record, the following attribute fields are available in the Bulk File Schema.

• Ad Group
• Ad Schedule
• Audience Id
• Campaign
• Client Id
• Custom Attributes
• Device Preference
• End Date
• Id
• Keyword
• Match Type
• Modified Time
• Parent Id
• Physical Intent
• Start Date
• Status
• Target
• Target Ad Group Id
• Target Campaign Id

Ad Group

The name of the ad group used to target the feed item. If this field is set, the feed item will only be eligible for the specified ad group.

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

Add: Optional. If you include this field, then the Campaign field must also be set, and the ad group must exist within the specified campaign. If both the Ad Group and Target Ad Group Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file.
Update: Optional. If you include this field, then the Campaign field must also be set, and the ad group must exist within the specified campaign. If both the Ad Group and Target Ad Group Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed.
Delete: Read-only

Ad Schedule

The list of day and time ranges that you want the feed item to be displayed with your ads. Each day and time range includes the scheduled day of week, start/end hour, and start/end minute. Each day and time range is enclosed by left and right parentheses, and separated from other day and time ranges with a semicolon (;) delimiter. Within each day and time range the format is Day[StartHour:StartMinue-EndHour:EndMinute].

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

The possible values of StartHour range from 00 to 23, where 00 is equivalent to 12:00AM and 12 is 12:00PM.

The possible values of EndHour range from 00 to 24, where 00 is equivalent to 12:00AM and 12 is 12:00PM.

The possible values of StartMinute and EndMinute range from 00 to 60.

The following example demonstrates day and time ranges during weekdays from 9:00AM through 9:00PM: (Monday[09:00-21:00]);(Tuesday[09:00-21:00]);(Wednesday[09:00-21:00]);(Thursday[09:00-21:00]);(Friday[09:00-21:00])

Add: Optional. If you do not set this field, then feed item will be eligible for scheduling anytime during the calendar start and end dates.
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. The individual day and time ranges cannot be updated. You can effectively update the day and time ranges by sending a new set that should replace the prior set. If you do not set this field, then the existing settings will be retained. If you set this field to delete_value, then you are effectively removing all existing day and time ranges.
Delete: Read-only

Audience Id

The Microsoft Advertising identifier of the audience e.g., remarketing list used to target the feed item. If this field is set, the feed item will only be eligible for the specified audience.

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

Add: Optional.
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed.
Delete: Read-only

Campaign

The name of the campaign used to target the feed item. If this field is set, the feed item will only be eligible for the specified campaign.

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

Add: Optional. If both the Campaign and Target Campaign Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file.
Update: Optional. If both the Campaign and Target Campaign Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed.
Delete: Read-only

Client Id

Used to associate records in the bulk upload file with records in the results file. The value of this field is not used or stored by the server; it is simply copied from the uploaded record to the corresponding result record. It may be any valid string to up 100 in length.

Add: Optional
Update: Optional
Delete: Read-only

Custom Attributes

The attributes are customized for each feed Sub Type, and define what information about your products or services you want to insert into your ads.

For the AdCustomizerFeed feed Sub Type, you can include up to 100 custom attributes per feed item where each custom attribute name is unique.

For the DynamicDataAutosListingFeed sub type, you can include up to 100 custom attributes per feed item where each custom attribute name is unique.

For the PageFeed feed Sub Type, you can include one or two custom attributes per feed item where each custom attribute name is unique.

The custom attributes are represented in the bulk file as a JSON string. For more details see feedAttributeType, isPartOfKey, and name below.

Here are example custom attributes that you could upload for a page feed.

Note

In the comma separated bulk file you'll need to surround the list of attributes, each attribute key, and each attribute value with an extra set of double quotes e.g., the above JSON string would be written as "[{""name"":""Page Url"",""feedAttributeType"":""Url"",""isPartOfKey"":true},{""name"":""Custom Label"",""feedAttributeType"":""StringList""},{""name"":""Ad Title"",""feedAttributeType"":""String""}]".

[
	{
		"name": "Page Url",
		"feedAttributeType": "Url",
		"isPartOfKey": true
	},
	{
		"name": "Custom Label",
		"feedAttributeType": "StringList"
	},
	{
		"name": "Ad Title",
		"feedAttributeType": "String"
	}
]

Here are example custom attributes that you could upload for an ad customizer feed.

{
	"DateTimeName": "2020/06/22 00:00:00",
	"Int64Name": 237601,
	"PriceName": "$601",
	"StringName": "s237601"
}

Add: Required. For an ad customizer and DynamicDataAutosListing feed item you must set at least one attribute with a valid key and value pair. For a page feed you must set at least one attribute with name set to "Page Url".
Update: Optional. To retain all of the existing custom attributes for the feed item, set or leave this field empty. If you set this field, any custom attributes that were previously set for this feed item will be replaced.
Delete: Read-only

feedAttributeType

The data type of each custom attribute. You define the data type in the feed record, and then set values in the feed item. So long as each custom attribute name is unique within the feed you can define multiple attributes with the same data type.

There are four different feedAttributeType data types you can set for ad customizer feeds:

feedAttributeType	Use cases	Accepted feed item values
String	Product names, product categories, descriptions	Any letters, numbers, or symbols
Int64	Inventory count, number of colors available	Any whole number
Price	Product cost, sale discount	Any number (including decimals) and valid currency characters
DateTime	Event start time, last day of a sale	yyyy/mm/dd HH:mm:ss To default to midnight at the beginning of the day, you can omit the HH:mm:ss part.

For example we can define the custom attributes of an ad customizer feed.

[
	{
		"name": "DateTimeName",
		"feedAttributeType": "DateTime"
	},
	{
		"name": "Int64Name",
		"feedAttributeType": "Int64"
	},
	{
		"name": "PriceName",
		"feedAttributeType": "Price"
	},
	{
		"name": "StringName",
		"feedAttributeType": "String",
		"isPartOfKey": true
	}
]

Then we can map each feed name i.e., "DateTimeName", "Int64Name", "PriceName", and "StringName" in the feed item upload:

{
	"DateTimeName": "2020/06/22 00:00:00",
	"Int64Name": 237601,
	"PriceName": "$601",
	"StringName": "s237601"
}

There are six different feedAttributeType data types you can set for DynamicDataAutosListing feeds:

feedAttributeType	Use cases	Accepted feed item values
String	Vehicle name, vehicle category, description	Any letters, numbers, or symbols
Int64	vehicle year, engine	Any whole number
Price	Vehicle cost, sale discount	Any number (including decimals) and valid currency characters
DateTime	Event start time, last day of a sale	yyyy/mm/dd HH:mm:ss To default to midnight at the beginning of the day, you can omit the HH:mm:ss part.
Url	Contains the URL of your website to include in the feed.	You must include one URL per Feed Item.
StringList	Labels that allow you to group the URLs within the feed.	You can include between one to ten custom labels per Feed Item. Each custom label is represented as a list item in JSON notation. For example the custom label portion of the Feed Item could be written as ""Custom Label"":[""Label_1_3001"",""Label_2_3001""]

For example we can define the custom attributes of an DynamicDataAutosListing feed.

[
	{
		"name": "DateTimeName",
		"feedAttributeType": "DateTime"
	},
	{
		"name": "Int64Name",
		"feedAttributeType": "Int64"
	},
	{
		"name": "PriceName",
		"feedAttributeType": "Price"
	},
	{
		"name": "StringName",
		"feedAttributeType": "String",
		"isPartOfKey": true
	},
	{
		"name": "Page Url",
		"feedAttributeType": "Url",
		"isPartOfKey": true
	},
	{
		"name": "Custom Label",
		"feedAttributeType": "StringList"
	}
]

Then we can map each feed name i.e., "DateTimeName", "Int64Name", "PriceName", and "StringName" in the Feed Item upload:

{
	"DateTimeName": "2020/06/22 00:00:00",
	"Int64Name": 237601,
	"PriceName": "$601",
	"StringName": "s237601",
	"Page Url": "https://contoso.com/3001",
	"Custom Label": [
		"Label_1_3001",
		"Label_2_3001"
	],
}

These are the feedAttributeType data types you can set for page feeds:

feedAttributeType	Use cases	Accepted feed item values
String	Static headline that is shown instead of the dynamically generated headline.	Any letters, numbers, or symbols up to 63 characters. You can include one ad title per feed item.
StringList	Labels that allow you to group the URLs within the feed.	You can include between one to ten custom labels per Feed Item. Each custom label is represented as a list item in JSON notation. For example the custom label portion of the Feed Item could be written as ""Custom Label"":[""Label_1_3001"",""Label_2_3001""]
Url	Contains the URL of your website to include in the feed.	You must include one URL per Feed Item.

For example we can define the custom attributes of page feed.

Note

The feedAttributeType is optional for page feeds. If you set the feedAttributeType, then it must be set to "Url" for "Page Url", "StringList" for "Custom Label", and "String" for "Ad Title" named attributes.

[
	{
		"name": "Page Url",
		"feedAttributeType": "Url",
		"isPartOfKey": true
	},
	{
		"name": "Custom Label",
		"feedAttributeType": "StringList"
	},
	{
		"name": "Ad Title",
		"feedAttributeType": "String"
	}
]

Then we can map each feed name i.e., "Page Url", "Custom Label", and "Ad Title" in the Feed Item upload:

{
	"Page Url": "https://contoso.com/3001",
	"Custom Label": [
		"Label_1_3001",
		"Label_2_3001"
	],
    "Ad Title": "Find New Customers & Increase Sales!",
}

isPartOfKey

The isPartOfKey determines whether or not the values for a custom attribute must be unique across all feed item records that roll up to the feed. If the isPartOfKey is set to "true" the values must be unique, and otherwise you can upload duplicate values for the same custom attribute.

For ad customizer feeds and feed items, a String named "Custom Id" is always treated as a unique key i.e., the isPartOfKey is always "true". The "Custom Id" attribute is currently the only way to set a unique key for ad customizer feeds via the Microsoft Advertising web application. With the Bulk API you have more flexibility to use any attribute name as a unique key.

For page feeds and feed items the "Page Url" is always treated as a unique key i.e., the isPartOfKey is always "true".

For DynamicDataAutosListing feeds and feed items the "VehicleId" is always treated as a unique key i.e., the isPartOfKey is always "true".

name

The name attribute is used to map a distinct custom attribute across both the Feed and feed item. Effectively this is how you ensure that a specific feed item rolls up to the same "column" in the feed. In the ad customizer example above the "DateTimeName", "Int64Name", "PriceName", and "StringName" names are used in both the feed and feed item.

Device Preference

This field determines whether the preference is for the feed item to be displayed on mobile devices or all devices.

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

Possible values are All and Mobile, which differ from values used in the campaign management service.

The default value is All.

In the bulk download and upload results file, this field will never be empty. If you did not specify a device preference, the default value of All will be returned.

Add: Optional
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed. If you set this field to delete_value, then you are effectively resetting to the default value of All.
Delete: Read-only

End Date

The feed item scheduled end date string formatted as yyyy/mm/dd HH:mm:ss. To default to midnight at the beginning of the day, you can omit the HH:mm:ss part.

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

The end date is inclusive. For example, if you set this field to 2020/12/31 00:00:00, the feed item will stop being eligible at 12:00 AM on 12/31/2020.

Add: Optional. If you do not specify an end date, the feed item will continue to be delivered unless you pause the associated campaigns, ad groups, or ads.
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. The end date can be shortened or extended, as long as the start date is either null or occurs before the new end date. If you do not set this field, then the existing settings will be retained. If you set this field to delete_value, then you are effectively removing the end date and the feed item will continue to be delivered unless you pause the associated campaigns, ad groups, or ads.
Delete: Read-only

Id

The system-generated identifier of the feed.

Add: Read-only
Update: Read-only and Required
Delete: Read-only and Required

Keyword

The keyword text.

The text can contain a maximum of 100 characters.

You should specify the keyword in the locale of the Language of the target campaign or ad group.

Add: Required
Update: Read-only
Delete: Read-only

Match Type

The type of match to compare the keyword and the user's search term.

The supported match type values for a keyword are Broad, Exact and Phrase.

Add: Required
Update: Read-only
Delete: Read-only

Modified Time

The date and time that the entity was last updated. The value is in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Note

The date and time value reflects the date and time at the server, not the client. For information about the format of the date and time, see the dateTime entry in Primitive XML Data Types.

Add: Read-only
Update: Read-only
Delete: Read-only

Parent Id

The system-generated identifier of the parent Feed.

The parent feed's Custom Attributes and Sub Type determine which Custom Attributes are valid for this feed item. Currently ad customizer feeds and page feeds are supported, and other feed types could be added in the future.

Add: Read-only
Update: Read-only
Delete: Read-only

Physical Intent

Determines whether a person must be physically located in the target location in order for the feed item to be eligible.

By default the feed item can be shown to people in, searching for, or viewing pages about your targeted location. Set this field to PeopleIn if you only want the feed item to be shown to people physically located in the target location.

Add: Optional. If you set this field, the Target location must also be set.
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed. If you set this field to delete_value, then you are effectively resetting to the default value of PeopleIn.
Delete: Read-only

Start Date

The feed item scheduled start date string formatted as yyyy/mm/dd HH:mm:ss. To default to midnight at the beginning of the day, you can omit the HH:mm:ss part.

The start date is inclusive. For example, if you set this field to 2020/06/15 00:00:00, the feed item will start being eligible at 12:00 AM on June 15th, 2020.

Add: Optional. If you do not specify a start date, the feed item are immediately eligible to be scheduled during the day and time ranges.
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. The start date can be shortened or extended, as long as the end date is either null or occurs after the new start date. If you do not set this field, then the existing settings will be retained. If you set this field to delete_value, then you are effectively removing the start date and the feed item are immediately eligible to be scheduled during the day and time ranges.
Delete: Read-only

Status

The status of the feed item.

Possible values are Active or Deleted.

Add: Optional. The default value is Active.
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed.
Delete: Required. The Status must be set to Deleted.

Target

The identifier of the location used to target the feed item. If this field is set, the feed item will only be eligible for the specified location.

If you want to target only people physically in a location, you will need to set the Physical Intent field as well.

The location identifier corresponds to the Location Id field of the geographical locations file. For more information, see Geographical Location Codes and GetGeoLocationsFileUrl.

Add: Optional
Update: Optional. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed.
Delete: Read-only

Target Ad Group Id

The identifier of the ad group used to target the feed item. If this field is set, the feed item will only be eligible for the specified ad group.

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

Add: Optional. If you also set the Campaign field (not required), then the ad group must exist within the specified campaign. If both the Ad Group and Target Ad Group Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file.
Update: Optional. If you also set the Campaign field (not required), then the ad group must exist within the specified campaign. If both the Ad Group and Target Ad Group Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed.
Delete: Read-only

Target Campaign Id

The identifier of the campaign used to target the feed item. If this field is set, the feed item will only be eligible for the specified campaign.

Note

This field is only applicable for ad customizer feeds.

Add: Optional. If both the Campaign and Target Campaign Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file.
Update: Optional. If both the Campaign and Target Campaign Id fields are set, an error is returned for this record in the bulk file. If no value is set for the update, this setting is not changed. If you set this field to the delete_value string, the prior setting is removed.
Delete: Read-only