Thank you for posting your question in the Microsoft Q&A forum.
Regarding your issue, it sounds like you're dealing with a classic "phantom port" issue. Since you still have sound from your speakers, but the headphones aren't even appearing as an option in System > Sound, it means the Windows audio stack has stopped "polling" the 3.5mm jack for hardware changes.
Here are some steps you can try:
- Force-Enable via the Legacy Sound Panel
Windows 11's modern "Settings" app often misses disconnected devices that the old "Control Panel" can still see.
- Press Win + R, type mmsys.cpl, and press Enter.
- In the Playback tab, right-click any empty white space.
- Check both "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices".
- If your headphones appear as grayed out or "Not plugged in," right-click them and select Enable. Then, right-click them again and select Set as Default Device.
- Force a Hardware Re-scan
- Right-click the Start button and select Device Manager.
- Expand Sound, video and game controllers.
- Right-click your primary driver (usually Realtek(R) Audio) and select Disable device.
- Wait a few seconds, then right-click it again and select Enable device.
- Disable Fast Startup
- Go to Control Panel > Power Options > Choose what the power buttons do.
- Click Change settings that are currently unavailable.
-
- Uncheck Turn on fast startup
- Save changes and restart your device.
Hopefully it will help work with your issue and if you have any other questions or need further assistance, feel free to ask.
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