The external display flickering you are experiencing across multiple hardware vendors strongly points to a compatibility conflict between the late April Windows updates and the desktop window manager compositing process on Intel graphics platforms. Since your Intel drivers predate the issue and hardware swapping yielded no results, the recent cumulative updates are almost certainly the trigger. While waiting for an official fix from Microsoft or Intel, a highly effective workaround is to disable Multi-Plane Overlay in the Windows registry. This forces the system to render through a single plane, bypassing the driver conflict that causes secondary display flickering. You can apply this by opening the Registry Editor and navigating to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\Dwm. Once there, create a new 32-bit DWORD named OverlayTestMode, set its value to 5, and reboot the system to apply the change.
If registry modifications are not viable for your fleet, the next best administrative approach is to definitively isolate the problematic update. You should take a test machine and uninstall the recent patches, starting with the updates installed on April 23. You can do this quickly by opening an elevated command prompt and using the Windows Update Standalone Installer tool. Simply type wusa /uninstall /kb:5083769 and press enter, repeating the process for the other recent updates until the flickering stops. Once you identify the specific update causing the regression, you can pause its deployment through your patch management system to stabilize your environment while awaiting a permanent resolution in a future update cycle.
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VPHAN