Dear @Catherine,
I hope you’re having a good day
Thank you for the detailed information and for the troubleshooting you've already performed.
Based on your findings, what stands out to me is that the issue appears to be isolated to New Outlook. Since the same attachments can be opened successfully in Classic Outlook and Outlook on the web, the problem does not appear to be related to the mailbox, the attachment itself, or the associated Office application.
The fact that restarting New Outlook does not resolve the error, and that switching between Classic Outlook and New Outlook can sometimes temporarily change the behavior, makes this look more like a New Outlook client issue or regression than a configuration problem.
I am not currently aware of a publicly documented Microsoft advisory, KB article, or known issue that precisely matches the behavior you described, nor have I seen any published ETA for a fix. Because of that, I would be cautious about attributing it to a specific recent update without additional evidence.
Since you have already isolated the issue quite effectively and have a reproducible scenario, I would recommend submitting feedback directly through Help > Feedback in New Outlook so that the product team can review the behavior.

If the issue is affecting multiple users in your organization, I would also recommend opening a support case through the Microsoft 365 Admin Center. In my experience, providing the details you've already gathered, especially the comparison between New Outlook, Classic Outlook, and Outlook on the web, can be very helpful when determining whether this is a regression or a broader product issue.

In the meantime, continuing to use Classic Outlook or Outlook on the web as a workaround seems reasonable until more information becomes available.
Thank you for taking the time to document the issue so thoroughly. If you discover a specific build, update, or pattern that consistently triggers the problem, I would be very interested to hear about it, as that may help narrow down the root cause.
Warm regards,
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