@Gabor Varga I'm glad that you were able to resolve your issue and thank you for posting your solution so that others experiencing the same thing can easily reference this!
Since the Microsoft Q&A community has a policy that "The question author cannot accept their own answer. They can only accept answers by others ", I'll repost your solution in case you'd like to "Accept " the answer. Accepted answers show up at the top, resulting in improved discoverability for others.
Issue: FSLogix profile mount takes a long time. Checked the time of waitForVolumeMount with value 632782, which meant that attaching the VHDX profile storage takes 10 minutes.
Cause: The issue was not related to AVD or FSLogix. It was caused by an on-prem DLP tool reinstallation, which was scanning the profile VHDX files during every login.
Solution: After the DLP policy was changed to skip these profile VHDX files, the issue was gone.
If your issue remains unresolved or have further questions, please let us know in the comments how we can assist. We are here to help you and strive to make your experience better and greatly value your feedback.