Open Command Prompt as Admin and type the following commands one by one and press Enter after each:
net stop wuauserv
net stop cryptSvc
net stop bits
net stop msiserver
ren C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
ren C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 catroot2.old
net start wuauserv
net start cryptSvc
net start bits
net start msiserver
Close the Command Prompt and try running Windows Update again.
Check Windows Update Logs: If the issue persists, you can check the Windows Update logs for more specific error messages. The logs are located in the "C:\Windows\Logs\WindowsUpdate" folder.