@Kyle Snyder, Thanks for posting in Q&A. Based on checking my Intune managed device, I didn't find the two folders. It seems the folders are Azure AD related.
For your question, based as I know, there's no built-in policy can grant the folder permission. But you can check if any PowerShell script can do it. After researching, I find set-acl command can change folder permission. You can test on your device to write the PowerShell Script. Here is link describe the commands for your reference:
https://petri.com/how-to-use-powershell-to-manage-folder-permissions/
Note: Non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
After the PowerShell script is ready, you can consider deploying it via Intune:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/apps/intune-management-extension
Hope the above information can help.
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